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This paper gives a list of maps of distribution and a key for identificationof 17 sandfly species and varieties occurring in Iran: Phlebotomus: papatasi,cauc=asic=us,.P-h. sergentt, -Ph. rnongolensis, -Ph. aIexandri, -Ph.-ansa-rii,-Ph. chinensis Ph. kandelakii, Ph. wenyoni, Ph. perniciosus tobbi, Sergentomyia sin toni, ~ pale'st R lnensis, S. squamipleuris, S. pawlowskyi, S. baghdadis, S. dentata. S. theodori. 7 species: Ph. alexandTi, Ph. mongolensis, S. baghdadis, S. dentata, S. squamipleuris S. stntont and S. theodcrt are recorded for the first time in Iran The paper is strictly based on specimens collected by the entomological staff of the Institute of Parasitology and Malariology in Iran

This paper gives a list of maps of distribution and a key for identificationof 17 sandfly species and varieties occurring in Iran: Phlebotomus: papatasi,cauc=asic=us,.P-h. sergentt, -Ph. rnongolensis, -Ph. aIexandri, -Ph.-ansa-rii,-Ph. chinensis Ph. kandelakii, Ph. wenyoni, Ph. perniciosus tobbi, Sergentomyia sin toni, ~ pale'st R lnensis, S. squamipleuris, S. pawlowskyi, S. baghdadis, S. dentata. S. theodori. 7 species: Ph. alexandTi, Ph. mongolensis, S. baghdadis, S. dentata, S. squamipleuris S. stntont and S. theodcrt are recorded for the first time in Iran The paper is strictly based on specimens collected by the entomological staff of the Institute of Parasitology and Malariology in Iran

In Iran, the prevention of poliomyelitis is practically limited to vaccinatton This paper, however, gives a detailed account of the preventive measures attempting to check the spread of the infection and of those aiming at the reduction of the frequency of the paralytic manifestation

Keys for identification of adult females and fourth instar larvae of Anopheline Mosquitoes of Iran with brief review of important literature on the Iranian Anopheline Fauna are given in this paper

Obtention and purification of IgG by electrofocusing column anf its use as an antigen to elicite homologous antibodies in rabbits are presented in this paper. The advantages of this procedure are discussed.

In this paper the breast lesions, more particularly the carcinomas. have been studied in the Taj Pahlavi Cancer Institute, Teheran , Iran, from 1956 through 1971. In this period of 15 years the number of breast lesions observed have been 2107 cases of which 1023 cases or 48.5 %have had reference to carcinomas especially among women, the ratio of females to males suffering from this type oflesion being 19:I. The age incidence of carcinomas have been the 4th and 6th decades while the peak frequency has been the 5th decade oflife. Of the various types of carcinomas observed the infil tra ting and intraductal types respectively, have had the highest frequency

This paper is an account of the preliminary results 01' a study aiming to determine Jhe duration and the mode of the change in the conditions of the poliomyelitic infection in a town (Tehran) that has just passed from the: worst water supply to the most modem; with the, hope that such a study would permit to define the true share of water as a source of contamination in the natural history of the infection."nBut the conditions of the supply with chlorinated water to the, population are yet too confused and these preliminary results do not demonstrate a sufficient difference, after three years, to allow more than an indication corresponding to the one given by the clinicians of an increase in the number of the cases of the disease. In fact, these results are published only as a milestone to this research programme, meant to draw the practicioner's attention to the interest of such surveys and to the help he can provide in their execution and also to the recommended pattern for the immunization of the children in the present situation

The object of this paper is to draw attention to iron deficiency anemia which is the most common nutritional disturbance in infants and children. Iron deficiency anemia constitutes the most prevalent form of anemia in this age group. The records of infants and children admitted to the Pediatric Department of Tehran University Puhlavi Hospital for various ailments during a one year period (Mnrch l!l63 - HHi-t ) were analyzed. 262 infants and children out of a total number of an5, or 7t•/., showed iron deficiency anemia detect cd by blood film studies and hemoglobin determination, The majority, 123 or 4{).!t•/., of these patients were infants and children between six months and two years of age. The etiology indicates that faulty feeding is the main cause. Infections, parnsitcs, and hemorrhage were among other causes observed. ,'('itll regard to treatment, parenteral iron was preferred because cf its ef., Icctivcncss in short periods of hospital stay. In conclusion, the routine study of blood films and hemoglobin determiualion, especially in the low socio _ economic group of medically less organized countries is advised

This paper is a statistical and analytical review of endocrine glands disorders, seen in the Department of Pathology, Tehran University Medical School, and is based on approximately 40,000 surgical specimens and 2,500 autopsy cases. Of 42,500 combined routine surgical and autopsy cases reviewed, we had 2,556 cases of endocrine disorders of which there: thyroid 1,125 cases, ovary 970, testis 268, adrenal gland 170, pancreas 156, parathyroid 24 and pituitary gland 23. Principal lesions of each gland have been discussed, and in some cases attempt has been made to analyse and compare the clinical symptoms with the pathological findings.

In order to study the epidemiology of accidents in Tehran City, the author has collected and analysed records of more than 25,000 accident cases for the period 1960-61 from all available sources such as newspaper rapportages,nine major hospitals of Tehran, Forensic Medicine Department of Ministry of Justice, Vital Statistics Department of Ministry of Health, Labors' Insurance Organization, etc. Approximately 1400 deaths and 17000 severe injuries are accident-induced annually in Tehran and accidents are in the sixth place, as causes of death (=6.7%). They rank first as the pause of deaths for the age group 5-45 years (=23.8%) and fourth for the age group 1-44. (=9. 6%). The distribution of accident types is as follows:- The distribution of accident types is as follows:-"n1. Motor vehicle accidents 27/8%"n2. Other transport accidents 3.7%"n3. Drowning 19.6%"n4. Falls and builidng collapses 16.8%"n5. Burns (all sorts) 12.4%"n6. Poisoning 8.8%"n7. Accident caused by electricity 2.6%"n8.all other accident 8.3%"nVarious epidemiological aspects of these accidents and an analysis"nof fights, suicides and murders are given in the body of the paper

In th is study 50 specimens of whole blood were dried on filter paper and kept at 40"C. The purpose in choosing this temperature was to determine the effect of the heat on the amount of haemoglobin in blood samples after a few months. The measurement of haemoglobin was carried out on fresh samples on the first day of sampling and 240 days after sto rage of dried specimens at 40°C. This experiment showed no decrease in haemoglobin between blood samples immediately analyzed and those o f dried blood maintained at 4O"C for periods as long as 8 months.

I n this paper pour cases of aneurysmal bone cyst are reported and the different etiological factors considered. We believe that aneurysmal bone cyst disease entity with pathologica radiological and clinical charateristic

A new and efficient organization of the early preventron of rabies in man can be proposed thanks to the serum prepared by the Razi Insti~ute in the dried form. This serum, highly concentrated, has therefore an outstanding potency, but a complete innocuity; its dry state allows a perfect c~nservation without special precautions. All medical centers, e.ven the m?st re~ote m the parts Of,the country where rabies remains enzootic, WIll be provided WIth a reserve of this serum, so that eventlhe peasants of the most distant vmages can receive the saving injection .in time, i.e. during the seventy two hours after the inoculation of the virus by the biting animal. Under the protection of the serum the sending of the wounded tow~rds Teheran is 'not, as in the past, a dramatic emergency and would be avoided in many cases. ThLis paper gives then to the physicians the necessary hints, not only for the use of the serum and the wound treatment, but also for the observation of the wounded and of the biting animal.

Nowadays, medical implants are widely used around the world. Medical implant device safety is closely related to public health and national security. With all the governmental considerations, issues such as selling or distributing an unapproved, defective, or expired implant and record fraud are still widespread in medical device supply chains. Blockchain, the next generation of information technology, is designed to provide better trust and transparency in information management systems. This paper presents the development of a “Medical Implant blockchain” system based on blockchain technology. This system can provide good traceability and transparency throughout the value chains of implants in a national supply chain. This study provides evidence for the necessity of a blockchain system development for the medical implants supply chain to increase trust and equity between various stakeholders. It shows that legal organizations can create a safe and reliable trading environment by using an information management system based on blockchain technology. Implementing a blockchain medical implants management system enables verified information transmission and immutably data storage on the network. This system could provide valuable information with higher transparency by minimizing the risk of data corruption for all the beneficiaries, such as legal authorities, medical centers, specialists, and patients.

From my studies on pediatric anatomy to be issued in the near future, I am interested in beginning its publication with a paper on the macroscopic anatomy of the thymus. In this chapter I shall try to describe the thymus, its form, size, most important anatomical relations, its irrigation, and innervation. Later on I hope to explain its embryology and its histology since its physiological role is being seriously investigated and is so far the subject of conflicting opinions. I shall abstain from comments, leaving this important chapter to be dealt with by biologists, pharmacologists and physiologists.

This paper is an account of the preliminary results 01' a study aiming to determine Jhe duration and the mode of the change in the conditions of the poliomyelitic infection in a town (Tehran) that has just passed from the: worst water supply to the most modem; with the, hope that such a study would permit to define the true share of water as a source of contamination in the natural history of the infection. But the conditions of the supply with chlorinated water to the, population are yet too confused and these preliminary results do not demonstrate a sufficient difference, after three years, to allow more than an indication corresponding to the one given by the clinicians of an increase in the number of the cases of the disease. In fact, these results are published only as a milestone to this research programme, meant to draw the practicioner's attention to the interest of such surveys and to the help he can provide in their execution and also to the recommended pattern for the immunization of the children in the present situation

In Iran, the prevention of poliomyelitis is practically limited to vaccinatton This paper, however, gives a detailed account of the preventive measures attempting to check the spread of the infection and of those aiming at the reduction of the frequency of the paralytic manifestation

The object of this paper is to draw attention to iron deficiency anemia which is the most common nutritional disturbance in infants and children. Iron deficiency anemia constitutes the most prevalent form of anemia in this age group. The records of infants and children admitted to the Pediatric Department of Tehran University Puhlavi Hospital for various ailments during a one year period (Mnrch l!l63 - HHi-t ) were analyzed. 262 infants and children out of a total number of an5, or 7t•/., showed iron deficiency anemia detect cd by blood film studies and hemoglobin determination, The majority, 123 or 4{).!t•/., of these patients were infants and children between six months and two years of age. The etiology indicates that faulty feeding is the main cause. Infections, parnsitcs, and hemorrhage were among other causes observed. ,'('itll regard to treatment, parenteral iron was preferred because cf its ef., Icctivcncss in short periods of hospital stay. In conclusion, the routine study of blood films and hemoglobin determiualion, especially in the low socio _ economic group of medically less organized countries is advised

In th is study 50 specimens of whole blood were dried on filter paper and kept at 40"C. The purpose in choosing this temperature was to determine the effect of the heat on the amount of haemoglobin in blood samples after a few months. The measurement of haemoglobin was carried out on fresh samples on the first day of sampling and 240 days after sto rage of dried specimens at 40°C. This experiment showed no decrease in haemoglobin between blood samples immediately analyzed and those o f dried blood maintained at 4O"C for periods as long as 8 months.

In order to study the epidemiology of accidents in Tehran City, the author has collected and analysed records of more than 25,000 accident cases for the period 1960-61 from all available sources such as newspaper rapportages,nine major hospitals of Tehran, Forensic Medicine Department of Ministry of Justice, Vital Statistics Department of Ministry of Health, Labors' Insurance Organization, etc. Approximately 1400 deaths and 17000 severe injuries are accident-induced annually in Tehran and accidents are in the sixth place, as causes of death (=6.7%). They rank first as the pause of deaths for the age group 5-45 years (=23.8%) and fourth for the age group 1-44. (=9. 6%). The distribution of accident types is as follows:- The distribution of accident types is as follows:- 1. Motor vehicle accidents 27/8% 2. Other transport accidents 3.7% 3. Drowning 19.6% 4. Falls and builidng collapses 16.8% 5. Burns (all sorts) 12.4% 6. Poisoning 8.8% 7. Accident caused by electricity 2.6% 8.all other accident 8.3% Various epidemiological aspects of these accidents and an analysis of fights, suicides and murders are given in the body of the paper

A new and efficient organization of the early preventron of rabies in man can be proposed thanks to the serum prepared by the Razi Insti~ute in the dried form. This serum, highly concentrated, has therefore an outstanding potency, but a complete innocuity; its dry state allows a perfect c~nservation without special precautions. All medical centers, e.ven the m?st re~ote m the parts Of,the country where rabies remains enzootic, WIll be provided WIth a reserve of this serum, so that eventlhe peasants of the most distant vmages can receive the saving injection .in time, i.e. during the seventy two hours after the inoculation of the virus by the biting animal. Under the protection of the serum the sending of the wounded tow~rds Teheran is 'not, as in the past, a dramatic emergency and would be avoided in many cases. ThLis paper gives then to the physicians the necessary hints, not only for the use of the serum and the wound treatment, but also for the observation of the wounded and of the biting animal.

Keys for identification of adult females and fourth instar larvae of Anopheline Mosquitoes of Iran with brief review of important literature on the Iranian Anopheline Fauna are given in this paper

In this paper the breast lesions, more particularly the carcinomas. have been studied in the Taj Pahlavi Cancer Institute, Teheran , Iran, from 1956 through 1971. In this period of 15 years the number of breast lesions observed have been 2107 cases of which 1023 cases or 48.5 %have had reference to carcinomas especially among women, the ratio of females to males suffering from this type oflesion being 19:I. The age incidence of carcinomas have been the 4th and 6th decades while the peak frequency has been the 5th decade oflife. Of the various types of carcinomas observed the infil tra ting and intraductal types respectively, have had the highest frequency

This paper is a statistical and analytical review of endocrine glands disorders, seen in the Department of Pathology, Tehran University Medical School, and is based on approximately 40,000 surgical specimens and 2,500 autopsy cases. Of 42,500 combined routine surgical and autopsy cases reviewed, we had 2,556 cases of endocrine disorders of which there: thyroid 1,125 cases, ovary 970, testis 268, adrenal gland 170, pancreas 156, parathyroid 24 and pituitary gland 23. Principal lesions of each gland have been discussed, and in some cases attempt has been made to analyse and compare the clinical symptoms with the pathological findings.

I n this paper pour cases of aneurysmal bone cyst are reported and the different etiological factors considered. We believe that aneurysmal bone cyst disease entity with pathologica radiological and clinical charateristic