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The special papers provide a definition, delineate the scope, present a conceptual framework, and identify the method of inquiry and some techniques used for explaining the body of knowledge for each of six disciplines. The background papers to Project Social Studies are: 1) "Sociology" by Caroline Rose; 2) "The Study of Geography" by Fredrick R. Steinhauser; 3) "The Study of Anthropology" by Shirley Russell Holt; 4) "Political Science" by Frank Sorauf; 5) "The Many Meanings of History" by Robert F. Berkhofer; and, 6) "Some Thoughts on the Teaching of Economics" by Leonid Hurwicz. A number of pages may be illegible. (Author/SJM)

This paper is a working model for a new one- or two-semester civics education program for high school students. The paper is divided into four major sections. Part I treats existing civics programs and explains how the Politics and Participation Program seeks to correct two general problems facing the schools and civic education - 1) it attempts to develop a civics course that enables a student to develop some explanatory generalizations about the operation, organization and interaction of a political system; and 2) it seeks to allow the student to participate in the school community for the clarification of abstract political concepts through concrete experience. Part 2 presents the analytical framework that guides the course content and explains how the major political concepts of the framework may be used to answer relevant questions; Part 3 focuses on the basic learning activities of the program; and Part 4 sets forth a general outline of the course. The purpose of this new course is: to offer students a systematic framework for studying various political questions; to teach them the skills necessary to use the analytical framework; to use the school as a laboratory for practical experience; and to give them opportunities to participate responsibly in the life of the school. (FDI)

THIS COLLECTION OF SIX POSITION PAPERS ON LATIN AMERICA WAS PREPARED BY UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, ECONOMICS, SOCIOLOGY, ANTHROPOLOGY, AND GOVERNMENT. EACH WAS ASKED TO WRITE A POSITION PAPER ON WHAT A HIGH SCHOOL GRADUATE, OR A REASONABLY LITERATE ADULT, OUGHT TO KNOW ABOUT LATIN AMERICA FROM THE STANDPOINT OF HIS FIELD. THEY WERE TO FOCUS ON THE BASIC IDEAS, THE KEY UNDERSTANDINGS, AND THE MAJOR GENERALIZATIONS. SUPPORTING DETAILS AND EXAMPLES WERE TO BE USED ONLY TO ILLUSTRATE THE LARGER IDEAS WITH NO INTENT OF PROVIDING AN EXHAUSTIVE TREATMENT. THE VIEWS EXPRESSED BY THESE EXPERTS AS TO WHAT IS IMPORTANT TO KNOW ABOUT LATIN AMERICA REPRESENT THEIR OWN PERSONAL JUDGMENTS. (TC)

This progress report, issued by the Indiana University High School Curriculum Center in Government, attempts to make clear the Center's position on certain issues in social studies curriculum development and the rationale behind these positions. The paper's first section considers complaints about present government courses and examines existing assumptions regarding (1) the process by which American youngsters are socialized into the political culture, (2) the role in political education of high school civics and government courses, (3) the purposes and goals of experimental curriculum development projects in government, and (4) the selection of specific course content. The second section, "A Course in American Political Behavior," describes the essential characteristics of an experimental two-semester course in civics and government: the structure of the discipline, the concepts and values of the course, and the inquiry skills to be developed in the students. The actual course is still under development. (MP)

Prepared by the Indiana University High School Curriculum Center in Government, this paper presents a brief but comprehensive introduction to the main characteristics of a behavioral approach to American politics. The first of four parts sets forth assumptions and requirements implicit in a behavioral approach and elucidates the relationship between science, political science, and political behavior. The second part explains one formulation of a behavioral perspective--the "field approach"--which conceives of the individual as a biological and human entity existing within social and cultural environments. The third part suggests how the field approach can make the political behavior of the American citizen more intelligible by emphasizing the relevance of four factors: political culture, sociology, psychology, and socialization. The fourth part applies the same four categories of the field approach to the behavior of political leaders, both formal and informal. (See TE 499 926 for a description of the Center's experimental course in American political behavior.) (LH)

Students in a political science course were assigned to interview someone who had written a relevant letter for the editorial page of the local newspaper. This was a success in motivating and maintaining student interest as well as accomplishing the course objectives. (KM)

Selected newspaper and journal comments from thirteen countries reflect the biases of national interest. Multi-national views range from hostility to muted approval of Nixon's attempt to remold the diplomatic systems with arranged American-Chinese and American-Russian visits. Since sovereign states invariably interpret foreign affairs in terms of their self-interest the Soviets, Chinese, North Vietnamese and Eastern European comments all expectedly reflect nuances of differing national standpoints. The North Vietnamese comments are the most hostile, while the Soviet excerpts reveal uncertainty, and the East Germans remain loyal to Russia. Conversely, Romania hails the visits with satisfaction. Unfriendly to China, India sides with Russia but recognizes that the Peking visit marks the end of an ideology-based U.S. foreign policy. In a detached, objective reflection, France welcomes the reemergence of realism in U.S. foreign policy, and England expresses muted optimism. (SJM)

A COMPILATION FROM LISTS OF DICTIONARIES USED BY SEVERAL U.S. GOVERNMENT ORGANIZATIONS, THIS DOCUMENT INCLUDES THE TITLES OF AND INFORMATION CONCERNING DICTIONARIES COVERING OVER 25 TOPICS IN THE SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL FIELDS, AND NUMEROUS AREAS OF ECONOMICS, AND POLITICAL, AND SOCIOLOGICAL TOPICS. MANY CHINESE-FOREIGN LANGUAGE DICTIONARIES ARE ALSO LISTED--CHINESE, ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, FRENCH, GERMAN, JAPANESE, KOREAN, MALAY, MONGOLIAN, SPANISH, THAI, AND VIETNAMESE. A HIGHLY SPECIALIZED, MISCELLANEOUS CATEGORY, CONTAINING PLACE, NAME, AND CHARACTER DICTIONARIES AND SPOKEN LANGUAGE GLOSSARIES IS INCLUDED. THIS DOCUMENT IS AVAILABLE FROM OFFICE OF EXTERNAL RESEARCH, ROOM 8840, DEPARTMENT OF STATE, WASHINGTON,D.C. 20520. (NC)

Many Finnish paper mills have recently celebrated the centenary of their foundation, and all the mechanical pulp, board and paper mills established in the period 1866–1872 are still operating, which indicates how well paper manufacture based on wood was adapted to Finnish conditions. Finnish paper production has increased as follows since the beginning of the century:1

Printed records of safety efforts in the paper industry began with the formation of the Paper and Pulp Section of the National Safety Council at Philadelphia, in 1915. Safety activities of commendable sort had been carried on for years in several forward-looking mills, but prior to 1915 there were no organized efforts. To S. F. Shattuck, treasurer of the Kimberly-Clark Company, eminent for his success in industrial relations, goes the credit for yeoman service that started the present vital movement in the industry. He found backing in a few kindred souls, notably G. E. Williamson, of the Strathmore Paper Company, and R. B. Robertson, of the Champion Fibre Company, and a meeting was called in connection with the National Safety Congress with Mr. Robertson drafted as chairman. That gentleman, however, seems to have led a good-natured stampede for Shattuck, who was placed at the head of the new section. Mr. Robertson was elected vice-chairman, and E. P. Gleason, of NekoosaEdwards Paper Company, secretary. The meetings of the section were but thinly attended at first and the going was heavy. However, dynamic interest was forthcoming with other safety men who allied themselves with the new body. In fact, among the early few who gave their best to the section were representatives of paper mills who had helped to organize the National Safety Council some four years before they were ready to effect an organization of the "Paper Manufacturers' Sectional Meeting." The first meeting brought together thirtyone delegates, representing fifteen paper mills and as many friendly or allied

By the mid-197o's, an estimated 63 million Americans will be enrolled in the nation's schools and colleges. Total attendance in higher education alone will exceed i61,2 million. With almost one million earned baccalaureates, over a quarter of a million master's degrees, and nearly 50,000 doctorates awarded each year, servicing the academic world will be lucrative for many educational vendors, including equipment manufacturers, textbook publishers, as well as a new breed of supplier-commercial firms which provide ghost-written term papers for students.' For years, educators have known about fraternity files and the exchange of papers among students. The assistance rendered by relatives and friends in the preparing of assignments has sometimes been met with academic oversight and even acquiescence. Only the most flagrant cases of plagiarism from known and traceable published sources have resulted in disciplinary action (warning, reprimand, grade reduction, failure, revocation of privileges, probation or, in rare cases, suspension or

'he White Paper on United States relations with China/ released by the State Department on August 5, is the product of many factors. The two most im? portant are the recent debacle of American policy in China, and the conflict between the Department and a critical segment of Congressional, press, and other opinion?largely Republican?as to where the respon? sibility for the debacle lies and what the United States should do next.

Continental systems generally permit a possessor to acquire rights against the signatories of a bill or note despite a forged indorsement, it being sufficient that the sequence of indorsement on the instrument leads to the possessor. On general principles, the Anglo-American law differs in this respect. As early as the eighteenth century, it was held, in Mead v. Young (1790) that the possessor of a bill to order containing a forged indorsement has no right to the bill and is not entitled to demand payment from the parties whose signatures preceded the forgery. This approach was followed by the English Act and the N.I.L. The U.C.C. follows this principle in laying down that a forged signature is inoperative as that of the person whose name is signed. A person who acquires a bill to order on which there is a forged indorsement is therefore not a holder of the bill nor in legal possession of it, nor an owner. He consequently has no right under the bill against parties whose signatures preceded the forgery.