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The article discusses several research papers related to occupational therapy for mentally retarded in the U.S. The research papers that were presented are from well-known occupational therapists. One of the therapists suggested the importance of media, techniques and modalities in the practice of occupational therapy with the mentally retarded.

The article focuses on various attempts made to prove that research training in music therapy can be undertaken at the undergraduate level in the U.S. It investigates how undergraduate class involves in psychology of music and graduate class in experimental research in music at the Florida State University. It presents various steps lowering the influence of unrelated variables in music therapy research. It also highlights the upcoming Lucerne Switzerland Musical Festival of music therapists.

The article discusses music therapy in Brazil. The first music therapy center was in Rio de Janeiro and then in Porto Alegre and therapist consist of musician or a teacher of music education. In 1970, the teaching of music therapy started in Brazil and First Brazilian Symposium took place in Porto Alegre. Brazilians felt confident about applying music therapy but they faced difficulties in scientific control and evaluation and needed training for better results.

This paper presents the results of five studies with four groups of female students, those intending to enter occupational therapy, physical therapy, medical technology, and "others" who were interested generally in health and rehabilitation professions. No discrimination could be made among the four groups on the basis of personality, attitudinal, and basic abilities variables. Significant differences were observed, however, on the Florida Placement Examination with prospective physical therapy students some- what low on the natural and social science scales. Significant differences were determined, also, with the Strong Vocational Interest Blank. Medical technologists were low On factors that contained nontechnical vocations requiring a good deal of interaction with people; physical therapists were low on the artist-author-librarian factor but high on the physical education teacher scales. Optimizing discriminant equations are presented where findings were significant, and the results are discussed in terms of educational and professional implications as well as future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents the text of a paper given by psychologist R.B. Buzzard to the Occupational Psychology Section of the British Psychological Society on July 1, 1966, which deals with general practice. The National Institute of Industrial Psychology was founded 45 years ago with the object of fostering the application of psychological and physiological principles to the problems of working life. Together with the Medical Research Council's Industrial Fatigue Research Board, later its Industrial Health Research Board, with which it was closely associated in the twenties, it pioneered the way for investigations in this field. After the war, the few places in which research in industrial psychology had previously been carried on were surrounded by research groups in the fighting services, in government departments and ministries, in operational research groups in big industries, in university departments and laboratories and in technical colleges. But the groups which were concerned especially with industrial psychology have decided to examine particular aspects of the subject for intensive study. If one is to apply their results to the problems of working life in practice, one has to learn how the bits work when put together.

Labor unions are slowly becoming related to the special needs of the chronically ill. This paper reports one labor-health program's study of the impact of chronic illness on union member households and the potential demand for rehabilitation. The findings of this study led to recommendations for closer union involvement in the vocational aspects of rehabilitation, modification of the disabled worker's expectations regarding help, and new patterns of relations between labor and the public vocational rehabilitation agencies. An action program is currently underway to implement these recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a research paper about the preparation of retarded clients and employers for on-the-job training and placement, presented at the 76th Annual Meeting of the American Association on Mental Deficiency at the Hotel Bellevue-Stratford in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in May 1952. It has been the goal of a vocational rehabilitation to complete the occupational of disabled clients. The ideal training program is of short duration and will lead to the same job in the same firm.

The article discusses the paper about Occupational Therapy program designed to meet the psychological and developmental needs of severely retarded children, presented at the Pacific Regional Meeting of the American Association of Mental Deficiency in San Francisco, California on January 12, 1952. The program is composed of educational and constructive activities aimed at effecting changes or modification in the children's behavior patterns. The author outlines the aims and objectives of the program. She also discusses briefly several cases which have shown significant modification in behavior within the ten month period of the program.

The article reports that the "Counseling the Mentally Retarded Student in a School Setting" is the subject of a Work-Conference for Professional Personnel to be conducted this summer by Teachers College, Columbia University and the Devereux Schools, and supported by a grant from the U.S. Vocational Rehabilitation Administration. Two separate five-day work-conferences, covering identical content, will be held at the Devereux Schools, about 22 miles from the center of Philadelphia, from June 28 to July 2, 1965 and repeated from July 12 to July 16, 1965. Professional personnel throughout the U.S. presently engaged in or planning to work with the mentally retarded-secondary school counselors, school psychologists, special education teachers, social workers, rehabilitation counselors for state DVR services and from other agencies and community resources, and other personnel in related fields-are invited to apply.

One of the problems that has concerned the social work profession has been how to interpret the skill and method of case-work practice in terms that are meaningful to people outside the profession. One such group are the people who serve on committees connected with social service departments of hospitals and who give support to the casework program. The Women's Auxiliary Board is the group to which the hospital's board of trustees has delegated the responsibility for recommending improvement in auxiliary patient services, social service, use of volunteers, occupational therapy, recreation, and the patient library. Informal discussion, on an unofficial level, with individual members of the board revealed a varying degree of understanding of casework function, a good appreciation of the medical setting for its fundamental purpose of treating the ill, but a more limited grasp of the skill and competence in the caseworker, and a minimal awareness of department structure.

Focuses on the principles underlying creative formulation and understanding in the U.S. Comparison of the importance of the principle of understanding than to the beauty of the form; Consideration of the accent of psychic engagement; Lack of description exists n analytical literature; Disclosure of the element of personality.

This article presents information on the methods, techniques and instruments of mental health diagnosis and therapy. As mental problems progresses, the need for efficient treatment is must. One of the most significant development in the field of mental health is the clinical application of psychological tests. Other improvements include the development of screening devices, efficient method in tracing for syndromes, projective techniques, shock therapy, group therapy, occupational therapy and evaluation, counseling and psychotherapy.

The article presents a study, which aims to validate a clinically derived typology of deaf rehabilitation clients by means of standard psychometric procedures. The clinical descriptions that comprise the typology were developed in conjunction with a vocational rehabilitation program that serves deaf clients at the St. Louis Jewish Employment and Vocational Service. Forty-two deaf clients who were receiving intensive rehabilitation services prescribed by their counselors through use of a 42-item Personality Q-sort instrument. A Q-factor analysis was performed to cluster the clients into homogeneous groups.

The article evaluates the relationship of therapists' ratings of patients to duration of stay in therapy, and appraises the effect of clinical experience on these relationships. Fifteen rated variables were utilized and compared with duration of stay in outpatient psychotherapy. The most striking finding of this study is the moderate to high reliability of ratings of experienced judges on therapeutic assets of therapy candidates and the failure of these judgments to relate to actual duration of stay in psychotherapy.

The article presents an investigation which was concerned with describing and evaluating a group therapy program with sex offenders in an institutional setting. The therapy program involved three complementary approaches: sociotherapy- development of a therapeutic community; formal group psychotherapy; and adjunctive therapy such as occupational and recreational therapy. Three criteria were utilized in evaluating the therapy program: the staff judgment criterion, the test change criterion, and the treatment follow-up criterion. The evaluation focussed not only on the results of the total therapy program but also upon a determination of whether the amount of formal group psychotherapy received by the sex offender patients was related to improvement.

This article discusses counselors' activities in the vocational rehabilitation of the mentally retarded. Certain facts may be mentioned to show society's greater awareness and more positive approach toward the mentally retarded. At present, 42 States have enacted legislation for assistance and encouragement to special educational facilities for exceptional children. In 1940, only 19 States had passed such legislation. Today, 33 States have permissive or mandatory legislation for the education of retarded children. Furthermore, the National Association for Retarded Children was organized in 1950 and now has 15,000 members and over 100 affiliated local groups, some being state locals.

The article focuses on how the Fairview State Hospital managed to enhance its treatment methods, facilities, and training for severely retarded patients in Salem, Oregon. It highlights the role of Orff-Schulwerk Symposium and Gertrud Orff workshop in the treatment improvisation at Fairview. It investigates the role of Orff-Schulwerk: Design in Creativity program and California's rehabilitation services staff training in the inception of a comprehensive treatment modality for mentally retarded.

The article discusses the popularity of music therapy in various countries. In Brazil there are enthusiastic people dedicated to the development of music therapy and in South America, there was cooperative leadership and exchange of ideas. In England, there are therapists who uses unique approaches and techniques and in Holland there are new training programs based on NAMT education model. There are no unified movement in Germany and France in music therapy but it is getting popular in Norway.

The article offers information on constructing a technology of music therapy. It also focuses on the development of the profession of music therapy, which is considered as a body of technology based on empirical research. It mentions that such a technology can be classified on behavioral and subject variables. It also encourages the operational description of behavior.

The article discusses the application of a new procedure to student affiliations in music therapy. It notes that an individual is required to complete a six-month student affiliation in music therapy in order to be admitted to the National Registry maintained by the National Association for Music Therapy Inc. (NAMT). The Twenty-First Annual Conference of NAMT is mentioned.

The article focuses on a worksheet that promotes understanding of activity therapy and handles referrals to activities for specific therapeutic objectives in Larned, Kansas. The Worksheet for Referrals to Activity Therapy was designed for application in planning individual treatment programs for psychiatric patients at Larned State Hospital. The worksheet is fast and easy to apply when planning treatment for patients.

The article focuses on the existence of music therapy in a decentralized hospital in Kansas. The Music Therapy Department at Topeka State Hospital occupies a unique position as it conforms the hospital pattern in being decentralized yet it keeps its identity as a separate department. It notes that the Music Therapy Department helps music therapists in their professional growth as well as is responsible for the student training program.

The article offers information on the method of music therapy that is developed at the Columbus State Hospital. It highlights the close cooperation between therapists as an essential approach of forming a professional team. Also given importance is effectiveness on the combination of music, art, and occupational therapy with other related forms of activities in psychotherapy. Moreover, researchers have considered an argument of how effective is psychotherapy when compared with psychoanalysis.

The article reports the observations regarding the values of work to 44 homebound chronically ill patients who received work services from Jobs for the Homebound, and also presents the classifications within which those observed meanings of work fell. Jobs for the Homebound, a five-year research and demonstration vocational rehabilitation project, was initiated within the Department of Home Care at Montefiore Hospital, New York, in March 1956. The project was concerned with examining the types of jobs that Home Care could perform and studying the effects of work on a chronically ill homebound population. Seventy-two per cent of the patients demonstrate values of work, which fall within the five classifications normally reported for healthy populations. For these patients, three additional classifications of the values of work are observed: displacement mechanism; proof of worthiness and control of depression; and a socio-environmental control mechanism. Three additional classifications are suggested for use with this type of population.

Reprints the article "The Psychological Adviser's Problems," by John B. Parry, which appeared in the 1951 issue of the journal "Occupational Psychology." Need for a psychological adviser to guard himself against preconceptions about the attitude of his employer; Ways in which the adviser should present his advices and the studies on which it is based; Problem of undue pliancy faced by the adviser.

This article describes the difficulties and distastes approach to the study of occupations. Researchers call it a pathological approach because it pays special attention to what goes wrong. It attempts to highlight important areas where man and job do not fit. Difficulties arise when the capacities of a worker do not meet the requirements of his work. Distastes arise when his inclinations bounded by his motivation, interests, needs, aspirations are not satisfied by the work itself, or alternatively by the conditions under which it is done. Difficulties, manifested in mistakes, are overcome by the cultivation of appropriate skills. Distastes, manifested in aversions, are overcome by the cultivation of appropriate attitudes. A difficult task may turn out to be distasteful too; but the point of the approach is to look at these two characteristics separately, because some difficult tasks are not distasteful and some distasteful tasks are not difficult. The desirability of establishing operational, objective measures of both difficulties and distastes is clear. In practice, in industrial situations, and in some occupations in particular, it is hard to achieve.