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After labelling in vivo, 14 normal and, as pilot experiments, 4 pathological human thyroids were studied for chemical iodine fractions (PBI, BEI and inorganic iodide) and for the individual iodinated compounds by means of paper and column chromatography. The best results of enzymatic hydrolysis were obtained by the combination of trypsin and pancreatin, which split off 80–95% of the iodine proteins. 16% of the thyroid iodine was found to be present in soluble form, 84% in the thyroglobulin complex and other proteins. Both fractions contained iodide, monoiodotyrosine, diiodotyrosine, 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine, thyroxine and an unidentified iodine compound of thyronine character, comprising 8.3–12.4%. It could be isolated only by column chromatography, migrated on paper in 2 systems with a Rf of 0.8 together with triiodothyronine and would most probably correspond to 3,3′-diiodothyronine or 3,3′,5′-triiodothyronine. The protein bound fraction of thyroid iodine contained more iodotyrosines than the soluble fraction.

Summary This paper deals with clinical, chemical, and pathologic observations on fourinfants who presented the picture of adrenal cortical insufficiency in association with bilateral adrenal hypoplasia as shown at autopsy. The condition was found in 0.52 per cent of autopsies done on infants under1 year of age, indicating a higher incidence than is suggested by the literature. The familial pattern which was apparent in two of our patients remains unexplained and requires endocrinologic studies of the mothers of such infants. In our own group and in all eases thus far reported the patients were either female pseudohermaphrodites with a characteristic deformity of the genitalia or else true males. In the latter, external manifestations of virilism are not apparent in early infancy. The presenting clinical features were gastrointestinal symptoms, especiallydiarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. Serial chemical studies performed in two cases showed a lowering of the“total base,” bicarbonate and chloride values in the plasma. The blood sugar levels were found normal in three patients. Anatomic and histologic examination of the adrenals showed diffuse hyperplasia of the cortex with apparent replacement of the zona glomerulosa by eosinophilic cells which often contained fuchsinophil granules. A correlation of these findings with the clinical manifestations is suggested. The physiologic disturbance appears to be one of overproduction with respect to N hormone and underproduction of substances regulating salt and water metabolism. The apparently intact carbohydrate metabolism differentiates these patients from those with true Addison's disease as regards the manifestations of adrenal insufficiency. Further studies of the carbohydrate metabolism in such patients are needed. It is suggested that the administration of DOCA and salt may be a complete substitution therapy in patients exhibiting this syndrome.

SUMMARY The adrenal of male and female rats with persistent diabetes insipidus showed a prominent zona fasciculata and zona reticularis. The zona glomerulosa was narrow or absent. The results from this and the preceding three papers are here reviewed together. It is concluded that control of salt-electrolyte metabolism cannot be ascribed to the zona glomerulosa. It is probable that the zona fasciculata is reponsible for most of the adrenocortical secretions. The zona glomerulosa is a vegetative back-water of cells, which is able to produce minimal amounts of adrenocortical secretions without stimulation by pituitary hormones, but is only of significance when the latter are absent. Rising amounts of circulating adrenocorticotrophic hormone (ACTH) can transform the zona glomerulosa into actively secreting cells of the zona fasciculata type. After cessation of such activity the zona glomerulosa re-forms, as the amount of ACTH will maintain only a certain volume of zona fasciculata (and zona reticularis) against the rigid limiting inner circumference formed by the medulla; some of the cells derived from the chief area of cell division in the outer part of the zona fasciculata do not mature to cells of the zona fasciculata type, but form zona glomerulosa cells. It is thought that cell migration occurs from the cells of the outer region of the zona fasciculata to the zona reticularis and that this is, normally, a slow process.

Ordered copolyamides were prepared by the interfacial polycondensation of the hydrolyzate of bisimidazoline in the aqueous solution with diacid chloride in chloroform solution; bisimidazolines used were 1,4-bis(imidazoline-2-yl)butane and 1,4-bis(imidazoline-2-yl)-octane; diacid chlorides used were adipoyl chloride, sebacoyl chloride, and terephthaloyl chloride. The aqueous solutions of the hydrolyzates of bisimidazolines were prepared by heating the aqueous solutions of imidazolines at 70°C. It was shown by infrared spectra and paper electrophoresis of the hydrolyzates that bisimidazolines were hydrolyzed to give quantitatively diamines containing amides linkages of the type H2N(CH2)2NH-CORCONH(CH2)2NH2. The regularity in the sequence of the copolyamide of nylon 26 and nylon 2T prepared from the hydrolyzate of 1,4-bis(imidazoline-2-yl)butane and terephthaloyl chloride was studied by NMR spectrometry: it was concluded that the copolyamide was highly ordered.

The release of hormones from thyroid glands in vitro was observed by incubating the whole thyroid lobes taken from rats which had been injected 3 hr previously with 131I. The release of free 131I-T3 and T4 from 131I-thyroglobulin that occurred in the tissues during 2 hr incubations was measured by paper chromatographic analysis of the tissues and media. TSH (50–500 mU/ml) increased the free T3, T4 content of the incubated specimens by 2- to 4-fold. Cyclic-AMP, ATP and AMP were without effect, but dibutyryl-cyclic-AMP (3 mm) stimulated T3, T4 release in a TSH-like manner. Furthermore, incubation with TSH led to prompt increases in the cyclic-AMP content of the thyroid lobes. These findings provide another example of a TSH action which may be mediated by the adenyl cyclase-cyclic AMP system. (Endocrinology 86: 271, 1970)

The following summaries represent one-half of nearly 150 papers presented to the First International Congress of Cardiology in Paris by Spanish or Portuguese authors. Summaries of the other one-half will appear later as Part II. This work was undertaken as it was thought that, in all likelihood, the translation into English would render this material more easily accessible to English speaking authors. Furthermore, it was thought quite probable that in the past English speaking readers have unconsciously ignored Spanish or Portuguese publications due to language difficulties, and this has resulted in a lack of information. If such is true, the present group of summaries would fill one more purpose: that of supplying English speaking authors with a bibliography of the work being done in the reviewers' countries.

The purport of this short paper is to describe in as few words as possible the technic of a nephropexy which has satisfactorily suited my cases for more than three years. In the multiplicity of procedures practiced by surgeons and in the many relapses that occur some prominent internists find reasons to discontinue altogether operations for the relief of floating kidney. It is safe to assert that there is no drug or external support that cures a case of this order, while even the simplest fixation by operation relieves many of them. Since applying the technic here described there have been no recurrences. Floating kidney is no longer a border line disease; it belongs to the field of surgery. A brief survey of its pathology is overwhelmingly convincing of the demands on surgery for its treatment. Let me make it clear that a kidney should not be insulted by an

BY the word “obscure ” we do not mean to infer that the conditions to be discussed are in themselves particularly unusual, but that the causes underlying the atypical symptoms with which certain patients presented themselves, were not at first evident. Newgrowths of the kidney, renal calculi, nephroses, and ptotic conditions are of not infrequent occurrence, and are often easily recognized as being the basic factors concerned in the production of the patient's symptoms. However, the occurrence of these conditions with quite atypical symptoms is not uncommon, and in this paper we wish to discuss briefly some unusual findings in relation to the described symptomatology. Ptotic, or movable, kidney is a condition commonly found in the under-nourished, and accompanied by more or less vague subjective symptoms. Among these are pain, usually dull and aching in character, gastric distress, and more or less polyuria. Often the ptotic kidney may be palpated. With such a group of symptoms and findings, the attention...

The purpose of this paper is to call attention to a condition which is apparently unfamiliar to most dermatologists. The American dermatologic literature has only one reference to congenital defects.1This excellent communication of Sutton dealt primarily, however, with a congenital defect of the abdominal walls and only incidentally mentioned congenital defects of the scalp. Our interest in this subject was aroused by a patient presenting a peculiar cicatricial lesion of the scalp. This patient, an infant, was presented before the Los Angeles Dermatological Society on May 11, 1937, at which meeting no one present was able to volunteer a diagnosis. A short time later, Dec. 3, 1937, one of us (F. G. N.2) presented a similar patient before the San Francisco Dermatological Society. At this presentation also no diagnosis was offered. In the meantime one of us had noted an identical condition of the scalp reported in

EEG findings in schizophrenia have been discussed by a number of workers. Various types of abnormalities have been described, including major paroxysmal discharges in a small proportion of cases. The authors have investigated the significance of photic activation procedure, the correlation between EEG and psychopharmacological treatment and the longitudinal study of each case in schizophrenic patients. From these studies, attention was focused on the correlation between photically activated theta waves and hallucination. Then we are interested in the correlation between activated theta waves and the existence, frequency, intensity (or content) of hallucination and patient's attitude to it. For this purpose, a number of patients with hallucination are needed as the subjects. This paper attempts to provide some data on these problems obtained in schizophrenic patients with hallucination.

This paper presents the results obtained by measuring the regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in 2 groups of patients with cerebrovascular disease: One group with occlusion of the middle cerebral artery, and one group with apoplexy without angiographic signs of arterial occlusion. These results will be reported in more detail elsewhere [6, 7]. The results obtained in patients with transient ischemic attacks are reported separately at this symposium [8].

To the Editor: —The theory, so ably supported by Metchnikoff, which ascribes to the leukocytes the function of picking up and destroying bacteria which find their way into the blood or tissues (phagocytosis) is now generally accepted as having been demonstrated by observation and experimental evidence. I have no desire to detract from the credit due to Metchnikoff in connection with this theory, but in justice to myself desire to call attention to the fact that this theory was suggested by me several years before the publication of Metchnikoff's first paper on the subject. In support of this statement, I quote from my book entitled "Bacteria," published in 1884 (William Wood & Co., New York), pp. 250 and 251: "If we add a small quantity of culture-fluid containing the bacteria of putrefaction to the blood of an animal, withdrawn from the circulation into a proper receptacle, and maintained in a

Sex hormones play a decisive role in the determination of hypothalamic function. In the neonatal rat, the “basic” condition appears to be the female type, in which the hypothalamus, at about the time of puberty, exerts a cycling effect on the sex hormone-dependent cells; this results in the estrous cycle (1,2,3). In male rats this potential cyclic activity of the hypothalamus is irreversibly switched off at, or near to birth by a process that seems to require androgen (4,5). The role of sex steroid-binding proteins in these processes has not been fully delineated and this paper will present data that is pertinent to this topic. An experimental tool that has been much used in the study of hypothalamic development is the neonatally androgenized rat. Injection of certain androgens, notably testosterone propionate, into neonatal female rats produces, in adult life, a state of persistent vaginal estrous, polyfollicular ovaries, cystic glandular hyperplasia of the uterus, sterility and male-type behavior (4,5). Pfeiffer (6), who first discovered this syndrome, thought that it was due to effects on the anterior hypophysis, but it is now known that the main effect is on the anterior hypothalamicpreoptic region of the brain, with the primary effect being on the latter region (5,6). In the adult female rat this region controls the cyclic release of gonadotrophins via the hypothalamus and anterior hypophysis.

Oriented poly(ethylene oxide) fibers form a complex with mercuric chloride, with the empirical formula (CH2CH2O)4·HgCl2. Tentatively the unit cell of the complex is orthorhombic with dimensions 13.5, 17.1, and 11.6 A. (c, the fiber axis). In spite of a major change in the unit cell, fiber orientation is maintained. The infrared spectrum of the complex is more detailed than that of the polymer alone, a fact consistent with a change from trans to gauche state of one OC bond.

Following samples, 10 newsprint (53-63g/m2), 18 printing paper (30-114g/m2) and 18 kraft papet (44-83g/m2) were tested by Tensilon tensile strength tester (Instron type), Schopper tensile strength tester, Mullen tester, Elmendorf tearing tester, M. I. T. folding endurance tester and Clark stiffness tester, and most of correlation factor between these testers were statistically significant.

In the attempt to discover a rational chemotherapeutic treatment tor cancer, the influence of various dyes on malignant growths has been investigated. There has resulted a considerable difference of opinion as to the effect ofintra-vitamstaining upon tumour growth. Since many acid dyes when injected into the living animal readily stain certain types of cells, the present investi­gation was carried out primarily to determine whether malignant cells stain intra-vitally with trypan blue, as do their normal prototypes. i.Previous Work.—The dyes which have been employed most in vital stain­ing are tam in blue and trypan blue. According to von Möllendorff (1921) isamin blue is precipitated at the site of injection, and produced a localised vital coloration; it slowly passes into solution again and results in time in a general staining of the animal. Trypan blue, on the other hand, is one of the most suitable of the acid dyes for effecting direct intra-vitam staining.

The purpose of this paper is to describe our method of treating epithelial cysts of the anterior chamber by aspiration of the contents followed by diathermy coagulation. Epithelial cysts are due to invasion of a double continuous layer of epithelium into the anterior chamber that forms a closed cyst within the chamber. Such cysts are thin-walled, transparent, or semitransparent and are filled with a straw-colored fluid containing protein and some cholesterol. These cysts are in contact somewhere with the wound of entrance, but usually the continuity between the surface epithelium and the cyst has been broken by the interposition of scar tissue. The term post-traumatic cyst of the iris was suggested by Perera in 1937 1 to distinguish it from pearl tumor of the iris and diffuse epithelial ingrowth without cyst formation. These cysts may vary in size from a small lesion just visible in the angle to large ones

Changes in the concentration of hydrogen ions of the blood previously reported1 produced well-marked effects in the reaction of the heart to caffeine. Other drugs under these conditions have since been studied, among them cocaine. Observations were made on the heart in situ, after removal of the anterior portion of the chest wall. The experiments were done on cats anesthetized with urethane, under artificial respiration. The contractions were recorded on smoked paper by means of levers attached with fine threads to the right auricle and right ventricle.1The results obtained were in several respects much more striking than in the experiments with caffeine or the other drugs. The resistance of the heart to cocaine was greatly increased by the intravenous injection of alkali, and very much diminished by acid. Small doses of the alkaloid administered after the intravenous injection of weak acid caused pronounced depression of the heart. While alkali did not necessarily nor always prevent the action of cocaine...

1. Report is made of the study of the urine samples of 500 women with normal pregnancies, by ascending paper chromatography to determine the incidence of glucosuria. 2. Glucosuria was found in 26.40 per cent of the 500 specimens examined from these women. 3. The frequency of the glucosuria diminished with the advancing stages of pregnancy. 4. The glucosuria of pregnancy does have a relationship to the parity of the women, but this relationship varies with the trimester.