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Focuses on the Disarmament Conference which was held in Geneva, Switzerland. Information that the conference gives Germany the theoretical equality of armament with the other Great Powers; View that the conference aim to impress the United States that Europe really is setting its house in order and is therefore entitled to drastic reduction or cancellation of the war debts; Claim that despite the seeming evidence to the contrary, the statesmen assembled at Geneva are not a pack of simpletons.

The article reports on the social and political developments in the world during 1923. Gustav Stresemann, the Chancellor of Germany has determined upon complete and unconditional surrender to the French demand for abandonment of passive resistance in the Ruhr, Germany. New York without its customary newspapers was a curious sight to those accustomed to the solid rows of papers that usually hide men's faces in the subways and on the elevated. It was a revelation of the function of the modern daily newspaper, to supply unreal entertainment as a relief from real monotony.

The article discusses international politics, emphasizing the political conditions of Germany. Every state has become a battle ground for lower gas and electric rates, with the long-suffering public engaged in an uphill fight against the utilities, which in addition to their vast financial resources are generally buttressed by the public authorities, executive, legislative, and judicial. The State public-utilities commission is, at the very best, a feeble neutral. More often it weights the scales in favor of the power companies. Alfred Hugenberg, the man who was chiefly responsible for the appointment by Hindenburg of Adolf Hitler to the Chancellorship of the Reich, has received his walking papers. The period of Nazi rule now beginning will be characterized by an extreme nervousness that will express itself in the persecution of all who dare doubt or resent National Socialist methods.

Focuses on the printing of a cartoon picturing Mars with a satisfied smile on his lips, lighting a cigar with the peace treaty release at the time of the announcement of the peace terms with Germany. Suitability of the caricature with opinion of the people on the treaty; Views on the impact of the treaty with imperialism in Germany; Standpoints of other publications to the League of Nations.

This article focuses on the book "Trade Fallacies," by Arthur Kitson. Kitson asks why the Allies have so completely failed to employ the psychological factor against the enemy, while the enemy has employed it in neutral countries with such skill and success against the Allies. What interests the reader most is the financial factor, to which Kitson devotes his second chapter. He appears to be full of admiration for the German way of financing the situation created by the First World War. Kitson assumes that if a nation has no commercial relations with the outside world it has nothing to fear from an expansive paper currency.

Comments on the adverse reaction of various political quarters in France towards papers related to politics by the late German foreign minister Gustav Stresemann. Charges made against Stresemann's papers by editors of the newspapers Le Journal des Debats, Le Temps and L'Echo de Paris; Impact of these papers on Franco-German relations; Views of Stresemann that the guarantee of Germany's western frontier were no sacrifice of German interests.

This article focuses on the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. Under the capable leadership of General Dwight David Eisenhower the European divisions that a year ago existed only on paper seem to be materializing. When the interim report on the European army was signed at the Quai d'Orsay, the press that is closed to various foreign offices hailed the event enthusiastically, although it was generally recognized that the document was not an agreement and that its proposals were only tentative. Aside from what might be called the classic difficulty of German participation, many suspicions and prejudices must be overcome before a European army can be integrated in the Atlantic defense force.

The article presents news related to world politics. The margin of the U.S. President Franklin D. Roosevelt's victory on the neutrality bill came as a surprise even to the most loyal administration supporters. A long step has been taken toward a realistic peace policy. The U.S. has taken a stand which, though technically neutral, is actually against Hitler. The ghastly horrors of the German concentration camps, related in the new British White Paper, cannot be written off as a baseless wartime propaganda. Incredible as the facts may seem, they have been confirmed all too amply by other sources.

Presents news related to political developments around the world. Comment on politician M. Poincare's restrictions on the proposed conference on Germany's capacity to pay; Germany's policy of evasion; Inability of Germany to pay her debts to the U.S.; Capacity to pay is wholly based on German capacity to work hard and consume little; Criticism of liberals regarding the policy of Poincare; Control over Saxony by the Berlin Government; Revolution in France; Negotiations between France and the Ruhr industrialists regarding the liquor proposal; Attitude of American public toward the project of Russian relief; Claims that a little materialism of the Americans would be conducive to the peace and happiness of the world; Status of English woman who marries an American husband; Comments on a tariff that checks imports from Europe and checks equally exports from the U.S.; Relation between exports and imports; Information about colored eye-glasses.

This article focuses on various political and social issues around the world. The formal announcement made through the financial agents of Japan in this country, that the Japanese government has decided on a drastic cut in its military and naval outlay, need cause no surprise. Germany has explained that when she let loose her latest Moroccan thunderbolt, she was merely offering advice, but French journalists when discussing German policy with regard to Morocco will continue to use the favorite adjective, brutal. The Kentish hop-growers are having a hard year. A few months ago they were complaining so bitterly on the "dumping," of American hops on the English market that a select committee was appointed to report on the industry. A striking difference may be pointed out between the Roman Catholic Church and the average young person who writes verses for the magazines.

This article focuses on various political issues around the world. The question which has been raised in the discussion about the cession of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany, whether, even supposing the inhabitants were not wholly French in feeling, France could defend her unwillingness to surrender them on the ground of prescription, can hardly yet be said to be a practical one, as far as the present war is concerned. The controversy which has been raging for some months between the New York papers about the ownership of the telegrams received from certain correspondents at the scene of hostilities in Europe, is, perhaps, except the great increase in the consumption of lager-beer, the most curious incident of the war on this side of the ocean. It is, of course, very unfortunate that so valuable an officer as secretary Jacob Dolson Cox should resign his place in the cabinet, but it would be still more unfortunate if the public were left in ignorance of, or under any misapprehension about, the cause of his resignation.

The U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's breakdown, with the consequent collapse of his trip on behalf of the treaty, will call forth regret everywhere even, among those whom he has been denouncing as cowards and pro-Germans. No one in American history has had heavier burdens, or lived under a more terrible strain. The final nail was driven into the coffin of self -determination last week when the Germans were compelled to sign-agreement at Versailles nullifying that section of their recently adopted Constitution making possible a union between Germany and German-Austria.

This article presents information about socio-political developments around the world as of July 15, 1915. Comments by the German press, so far as sent by cable, on the reply of the German Government to U.S. President Woodrow Wilson's protests are all of one mould. The news of the surrender of all the remaining German forces in South Africa is not of high military importance, but has great dramatic significance and a wide suggestiveness.

The article presents focuses on various social and economic developments. Voices have been heard in Germany declaring that old notions of international law have perished. At the annual public meeting of five Academies in Paris, France on October 26, a paper was read by M. Louis Renault, of the Institute, on "War and the Law of Nations." The unfavorable report of the American Federation of Labor's traveling commission on municipal ownership in Europe reveals that service, fares, and wages are alike unsatisfactory on European municipal lines, and may be somewhat discounted on the ground of prepossessions.

On October 18, 1948, the newspaper "National Guardian," published its first issue. The newspaper was founded as and remained, an independent and independently owned newsweekly which took strong issue with basic U.S. policy, both foreign and domestic. That is what produced the inquisitorial subpoenas, not the idiotic allegations of adherence to the "international communist conspiracy." The genesis of the National Guardian was in Germany, in 1945, when Cedric Beifrage, co-founder and first editor of the Guardian, and the author were engaged in a combined Allied operation to help set up what was optimistically termed "the new free democratic German press" on the ruins of the Nazi press.

Reports on developments in world politics. Germany's decision by agreeing that Poland is to be admitted to a non-permanent seat on the Council provided the French block is at the same time reduced in strength through having Czechoslovakia succeeded by a neutral; United States Senate's investigation of the Tariff Commission; Intention of Pennsylvania governor Gifford Pinchot to contest the Republican nomination for Senator in the spring primaries; Foreign trade figures of the United States as of February 1926.

Replies to philosopher and writer, Ralph Barton's accusation that the periodical is pro-Germany. Reasons behind Barton's claim; Periodical's assertion that it has supported Colonel Roosevelt's plea that the United States should protest against the violation of Belgium; Argument of the paper against an embargo on munitions; Moral issue of the war according to the periodical; Defense of the paper to Barton's claim that the publication has criticized more than once the statements of the Allies spokesmen; Criticism of the paper against Barton's alleged derision towards the employment of human reason in relation to the war.

This article presents information from the newspapers published from countries other than the U.S. as of April 19, 1919. J.L. Garvin writes in a paper on "The Paris Conference: The Last Phase" in the London "Observer" that no political lunatic is so distempered as to suppose that Germany can pay the whole cost of the First World War or for that purpose, can be kept in a state of tribute and steerage for fifty or a hundred years. A 5000-word résumé of the Memorandum published in the Italian newspaper "Giornale d'Italia" of March 13, 1919, begins by explaining that the Italian claims are based on justice and moderation. Italy went to the war with two aims: the liberation of her oppressed prisoner of wars and the attainment of safe frontiers by land and sea.

Presents information on the intermittent propaganda war between the Soviet Union and Vatican. Reasons behind this altercation; Role of mass media in bringing out the issue; Accusation of Vatican of attempting to absolve dictator Adolf Hitler's Germany from responsibility for all the abominable deeds she has committed; Discussion on the issue of possible rapprochement between the Soviet Union and Vatican; Concerns over Soviet foreign and domestic policy.

Provides some insights into public opinion on the inability of the Western Germany alliance to reunify Germany citing the views of journalist, Sebastian Haffner on the need for neutralism. Effects of the region's relations with the U.S. and Soviet Union on the possibilities and the impossibilities of a reunification; Pros and cons to the principle and implementation of neutralism; Indications of politics and foreign relations.

The international situation has increased the nervous tension in Poland, and problems which a year ago could wait have become urgent. With Germany next door, with the Oder-Neisse frontier not yet officially recognized by the West, with the Russian occupation troops in Germany still firmly maintaining their headquarters in Lower Silesia, Poland is more conscious of the war menace than Czechoslovakia. Some Western diplomats in Warsaw believe that the Russians will try to make friends of both Poles and Germans by compelling Poles to return some of the former German territory and giving them the city and province of Lwow in compensation.

Focuses on the conflict between France and Germany. Formation of an anti-French coalition to stop the existing French government from proceeding to refashion Germany into an economic and political tributary of France; Revision of the Treaty of Versailles, which will detach the Rhineland and the Saar Basin, permanently from Germany and keep German politics and industry subordinate to those of France; Report on political revolution in Europe by means of conference or negotiation; Prevention of European or American country from interfering and from doing anything to encourage Germany.

Focuses on the recognition of France about her financial break down. Discussion about the preparation of budget by France; Overview of the French economy; Belief that the special budget which France prepares every year--in which expenditure on the ravaged north and war pensions are put on the debit side, and Germany's coming contributions on the credit side--would really be covered by Germany; Argument pertaining to the financial policy of France.

Looks into the intentions of Germany to agitate peace with the Allied Powers. Characterization of the German strategy as a political offensive; Response of the Allied Powers to declare a renewed intention never to stop fighting until Germany is willing to sue instead of to negotiate for peace; Plan of Germany to divide the more pacifist countries like Russia and the U.S. from the less pacifist countries such as France and Great Britain.

Focuses on political conditions in Great Britain, while discussing its foreign policy. Reason behind Britain's support of the Covenant; Comments on British Prime Minister Stanley Baldwin's election campaign pledges; Compromise expected from the British government in the Italian-Ethiopian war; Discussion of the British policy in Europe; Anxiety of the German government regarding British friendship.

Presents news briefs, related to socio-political developments of several nations. Effect of the drought on economic conditions of the U.S.; Estimation of the damage by the Federal Emergency Relief Administration; Comments of Japanese Premier Keisuke Okada on the question of naval armament; Remarks of British admiral Earl Beatty that Great Britain should restore race in naval armament and repudiate to the London Treaty; Statement of German dictator Adolf Hitler that Germany will not attack Austria; Pamphlet issued by Harry Stevens, Minister of Trade and Commerce of Canada, describing the development of an unholy alliance between big business and government for the purpose of exploiting workers, consumers and farmers; Defeat of Conservatists in recent provincial elections; Demand of the Cooperative Commonwealth Federation, an amalgamation of farmer, labor and socialist groups, for the socialization of the banks, public utilities and all the leading industries in Canada; Purpose of dismissal of John Donovan, head of the U.S. National Recovery Administration's Employees' Union; List of social actions which will be performed by New York State Economic Council's board of directors; Editorial published in the newspaper "The News" on radicalism and violence.

This article focuses on the books "Memoirs and Letters of the Right Hon. Sir Robert Morier, G.C.B., From 1826 to 1876," written by Rosslyn Wemyss. Although the English resent foreign criticism to a degree that is often amusing, they sometimes criticise themselves not only very frankly, but quite accurately. Writer Sir Robert Morier's daughter has edited the book with a view to presenting as much political and historical material as possible. This is well, for it is no exaggeration to say that her volumes contain more new sidelights on the unification of Germany than can be found in any other English work. The book had a passion for thoroughness which, coupled with a marked historic sense, led him to prepare for the foreign office papers which, though probably seldom read by his superiors, have a lasting importance for the historian.

At the May 1945 peace treaty summit West Germany has been included in the European Defense Community and consequently in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization. As soon as the agreements were signed they were bused by the U.S. to block new discussions with the Soviet Union. The extreme weakness of France in Europe has been exploited by the U.S. as an argument for the rebirth of the German army. The Soviet Union has used this in turn as the excuse for a vigorous call to arms in East Germany. But West Germany cannot raise an army rapidly without the help of old Nazi cadres and of officers sympathetic to the Nazi regime.

While at Bonn, Germany the Foreign Ministers were signing the Contractual Agreements with Germany and the European Army Treaty, the French political parties were in a indecisive state of mind. The general indecision in France can, in the end, only encourage those people in the U.S. who are pushing hardest for the rearmament of Germany, and those in Germany who are playing an equally dangerous game. That was the feeling of the Socialist minority, which for two days had struggled gallantly at the party congress at Montrouge to postpone any decision on Germany.

This article focuses on the international relations between various countries. The Axis-Japan pact has been called everything from a bluff to the blueprint of a new totalitarian world order. In fact it is a typical Nazi maneuver, and so it combines some elements of both. But Hitler has always used failure as a stepping-stone for new advances, and while it is legitimate to take satisfaction at the stubborn courage which has ended the hope of an autumn invasion of England, wise observers will not discount the importance of Hitler's grandiose substitute scheme. The pact with Japan has been treated, of course, as a resounding diplomatic triumph, and no doubt it will be accepted as such by the bemused masses of Germany and Italy.

This article focuses on the political developments around the world. After years in which Great Britain has staked its existence on its alliance with France, the influential clique, which has urged an alignment with Germany, appears to be gaining the upper hand. There will be no immediate agreement between Great Britain and Germany. Instead, an attempt will be made to conciliate Adolf Hitler on the assumption that it is cheaper to buy him of than fight a major war. In practical terms this means that Germany must either be given a chance to expand in Central Europe or a return of its colonies or both. Fortified by a series of diplomatic victories in the last three years and by its alliance with Italy and Japan, Nazi Germany is not interested in minor concessions.

Focuses on the efforts of British statesman Neville Chamberlain to mediate for the peaceful settlement between Germany and Czech Republic; Features of the policy of Chamberlain to avoid war; Shortage of raw materials in Germany; Probability of attack of Germany on Czech Republic; Efforts of Lord Runciman to maintain peace between the two countries; Impact of the attack on England; Assessment of the military power of Germany; Attitude of German dictator Adolf Hitler on British mediation; Assumption of Great Britain that a warning can veto a Central European war; Possible response of Hitler on the warning; Justification of Chamberlain's policy; Support of the British Left to Czech Republic both on its merits and as a bulwark against German expansion; Views of Tories on these considerations; Intentions of Chamberlain to make friendly relations with France, Italy and France

The Germans are following up the Russians at Geneva with a demand that the Allies cease haggling and boggling and begin to disarm in accordance with their pledges in the Treaty of Versailles. That gives hope either that something will be accomplished or that the hypocrisy of the Allies and the impotency of the League of Nations will be properly set forth. Here are some of the admirable proposals of Germany: First, the absolute prohibition of "dropping from the air of any substance used in warfare," by which is meant gas bombs, high explosives, incendiary bombs, and chemical warfare.

September 29, 1943 is the fifth anniversary of the signing of the Munich pact. By now the entire world is in agreement that for the French and British the pact was the greatest diplomatic defeat in modern history. But it was not an isolated defeat. It was the culmination of a series of shameful submissions that began in 1936 when German troops entered the demilitarized Rhineland and British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain found it was natural for the Germans to reoccupy territory which they had been forced to cede.

The article presents some papers on political issues. One of the papers highlights the problem of Albania placed before the world's tribunal. Albania has become an object of intense covetousness on the part of its neighbors. The various Balkan states, Serbia, Greece, Montenegro, and, to a lesser extent, Bulgaria, have been eyeing the Albanian territories ever since they resolved upon a policy of expansion. Another paper discusses the future of Kiaochow, the territory which Germany leased from China in 1897 for ninety-nine years and which was captured by the Anglo-Japanese forces at the outbreak of the World War I.

The article presents news summary of the developments around the world. The joint reply of the Entente Allies to the proposals of the Central Powers was received in dispatches from Paris, France of December 30 and was published in Sunday's papers. In a document of some length the Allies call in question the good faith of the German proposal and declare that no peace is possible "so long as they have not secured reparation for violated rights and liberties, the recognition of the principle of nationality, and of the free existence of small states, so long as they have not brought about a settlement calculated to end once and for all forces which have constituted a perpetual menace to the nations, and to afford the only effective guarantee for the future security of the world."

This article presents news related to political conditions in the world during 1915. Interest in the Balkans has eclipsed even that in the results of the offensive of the Allies in the west. Bulgaria has definitely determined to enter the conflict on the side of the Central Powers. Greek mobilization was ratified and a war loan of $30,000,000 authorized by the Greek Chamber of Deputies on September 30, 1915. A Belgian Minister presented a memorandum to the State Department dealing with allegations that the Germans have violated the Hague conventions in forcing Belgians to perform work for the German army.

The article focuses international relation. Confidential dispatches were received at the U.S. State Department, which are said to confirm the general tone of the forecasts of the German reply to the American note cabled by correspondents from Berlin, Germany. Whether the relaxation of activity by German submarines during the past two weeks represents the normal period of respite, respite from Nepenthe, which succeeds strenuous days. It indicates an intention on the part of Germany to moderate her submarine warfare. Dispatches from China on Monday revealed the fact that in the middle of May, during the crisis between China and Japan, an identical warning had been conveyed to both countries that the United States would not recognize any agreement, which impaired American rights in China or endangered the policy of the open door.

The American note to Germany respecting her method of submarine warfare was dispatched on May 13, 1915, and published in the morning papers of the following day. Also, the note, on which the journal "The Nation," commented in its editorial columns, took up not only the matter of the ship Lusitania, but the whole question of Germany's warfare at sea as it has affected the United States, including tile incidents of the Falaba, on March 28; of the Cushing, on April 28, and of the Gulfight, on May 1. Further mentioned is a statement which is said to represent the British official view of the German justification for the sinking of the Lusitania was issued on May 12. After reviewing the circumstances of the submarine blockade and the reprisals therefore decided on in the British Order-in-Council, the statement referred to the German assertion in the document of May 10 that an offer had been made by Germany "to stop the submarine war in case the starvation plan was given up."

The article presents news related to politics from different parts of the world. The full text of recent communications between the United States Government and Governments of Great Britain and Germany was published in papers of March 18, 1915. These communications, six in number, consisted of the identic note of February 20, 1915 sent to Great Britain and Germany, proposing some means of compromise as between the German submarine "blockade" and the Allies' embargo. A decree was promulgated in France on March 21, 1915 extending the moratorium as applied to rentes until July 15, 1915. Official announcement was made from Berlin on March 21, 1915 that subscriptions to the new war loan amounted to 9,000,000,000 marks.

When the Foreign Ministers of the United States, Great Britain, and France meet next month, they will have a lengthy agenda to discuss: relations with Russia, China, and Germany. On the subject of Germany, the real nerve center of European politics, differences of opinion among the Western powers have widened in recent months. Not that they have received contradictory reports as to what is going on in the former realm of Hitler. The resurgence of Nazism is unanimously recognized by the three governments. It is now accepted as normal that close collaborators of Hitler are allowed to occupy high positions both in industry and government; that the cartels, outlawed by the American Military Government three years ago, are reappearing and are more powerful than ever; that publishers of former Nazi papers, unrepentant and unchanged, are receiving facilities for printing venomous, anti-Semitic periodicals.

Focuses on the issue of reunification of Germany and the interference of the Soviet pressure in the reunification. Groups in West Germany, who reject Chancellor Konrad Adenauer's unbending commitment to the West; Views of Gustav Heinemann, Adenauer's first Federal Minister of the Interior and today a recruit to the Social Democratic fraction in the Bundestag, against the East German marionette-team under Walter Ulbricht; Efforts of opportunistic right-wingers of the Free Democratic Party led by Wolfgang Doering, to break the East-West deadlock; Statement of the party that it would merely give East German regime a "de facto" recognition with the purpose of ending its separate existence as soon as reunification took place; Significance of reunification of Germany; Views of another group of political independents against the foreign policy of Adenauer; Attitude of East German towards the issue of reunification; Demand of Soviet Union for a "German Confederation" of two equally entitled German states; Demand for the creation of an "All-German Council"; Pressure on East Germany to meet the demands of the Soviet Union to maintain its existence; Policy of the Soviet Union to hold on to every inch of territory won in Central Europe and to consolidate gains prior to making a fresh advance to the West political, economic and strategic importance of Eastern Germany to the Soviet Union.

Criticizes the decision by the League of Nations to let the French government dictate terms in the case involving the land of the Ruhr issue between Germany and France. Turn of events that made the Council of the League, designated by the League of Nations to look into the matter, a mere tool of the French foreign policy; Queries on the circumstances that led to the event and the overall ability of the League of Nations; Insight to the seriousness of member nations of the Council of the League; Portrayal of distrust on the overall ability of the Council of League to solve the Ruhr issue.

Presents an account of what three years of the World War II have meant to Germany, both to the ruling groups and the people. Claim that the German people, and even the German ruling groups, can now never win; View that a Nazi's-eye view of what the future holds is far more depressing than anything which, the Allies in their most pessimistic mood, can conjure up for themselves; Impact of the military warfare on the civilian population of the nation; Condition of the economy of the country; Aim of the Allies to win the Germans back their civilization and humanity.