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102. Language Use and Social Change. Problems of Multilingualism with Special Reference to Eastern Africa.
- Author
-
Whiteley, W. H.
- Abstract
This book contains 22 studies relating to the social implications of multilingualism in Eastern Africa. The first section, "General and Theoretical Studies," contains papers on national languages and languages of wider communication in developing nations; the communication roles of languages in multilingual societies; the social and cognitive aspects of bilingualism; the study of restricted codes in sociolinguistics; and the interrelationships and utility of alternative measures of bilingualism. The second section, "Empirical Studies Within Africa," contains studies relevant to several larger themes: the objectives and effects of national language policies; language policies in education; language modernization; language use in the urban milieu; and multilingualism and multiculturalism. They are seen as contributions to a fuller understanding of a number of practical and often urgent questions, such as the language policies of Uganda and Tanzania; the differing and changing roles of English and Swahili; the problems of education in a foreign language; the use of broadcasting in the adaptation of a language for modern uses; methods for language elaboration as illustrated by work on basic Wolof; and the study of loan words as exemplified in Luganda. Among the contributors are scholars such as Joshua Fishman, John J. Gumperz, C.A. Ferguson, Wallace E. Lambert, and David Parkins. (Author/FWB)
- Published
- 1971
103. Deficit Creating Influences for Role Performance and Status Acquisition in Sparsely Populated Regions of the United States.
- Author
-
Kraenzel, Carl F.
- Abstract
When social cost of space is created in sparse regions, it becomes a further limiting force on population and economic growth. Social cost of space represents a deficit condition in which effective role performance and status acquisition are difficult to invent, achieve, and maintain, especially when faced with great change. A particularly destructive influence on effective role performance and status acquisition in the semi-arid and arid regions has come from external forces which have been exploitive and not constructive for the sparse regions' welfare. This paper identifies and conceptualizes ways in which role performance and status acquisition are: (1) limited by the social cost of space, and (2) interfered with by influences coming both from within and from outside the semi-arid and arid regions. The internal and external aspects of role and status deficits and exploratory hypotheses regarding role and status dynamics in sparsely populated regions are emphasized. Three situtations involving external forces are described: (1) the town-country animosity created by the National Tax Equality Association; (2) the hostility against labor created by the National Right-to-Work Committee's campaigns; and (3) the discord and impoverishment perpetrated by the American Medical Association's conservative segment. (NQ)
- Published
- 1966
104. Early Childhood Development Cultural Considerations--Commonalities, Variables, and Local Community Determinants for Program Modules.
- Author
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Taylor, Anne P. and Warren, Dave
- Abstract
The paper discusses cultural commonality and variability considerations of the Native American populations served by the Federation of Rocky Mountain States Educational Technical Development (ETD) Project. Section I explores important factors to consider when setting up an Early Childhood Development program module for Indian people, such as demographic changes, urbanism in rural areas, cultural pluralism, preservation of culture through art forms and language, local control for viable change, and self determination. A model for community input is presented in Section II outlining how technical agencies can work with community agencies along with a list of existing Indian projects that exemplify process for change involving local community structures and resources. A suggestion for design of content specifications using cultural material and themes of known interest to children is emphasized in Section III. Section IV summarizes the project. Concluding the report Section V lists seven recommendations concerned with evaluating character and force of change by an interdisciplinary effort; developing a philosophy that provides the caregiver interaction with the community; recognizing community resources as teaching tools; emphasizing creative behavior in the areas of language, art, music, dance and drama; and preparing a learning environment (indoor and outdoor) of local materials, events, and objects. (ERB)
- Published
- 1973
105. Cultural Linguistic Pluralism and the Problem of Motivation
- Author
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Jacobson, Rodolfo
- Abstract
Revised version of a paper presented at the TESOL Convention in New Orleans, Louisiana, March 1971. (VM)
- Published
- 1971
106. Canada's Indian Heritage. A Northern Instructional Project
- Author
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Lavigne, Solange D.
- Abstract
The paper describes the planning, development, and evaluation of the curriculum development project carried out at Prince Albert, Saskatchewan. (Author/MF)
- Published
- 1971
107. La Razaen Nueva York: Social Pluralism and Schools
- Author
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Hendricks, Glenn
- Abstract
The intention of this paper is to describe the development of an Hispano-American culture in New York, and to indicate how the politicization of ethnicity which results is affecting the New York City schools. (Author)
- Published
- 1973
108. Our Indian Children: What Is Their Future?
- Author
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Paskell, Anthony
- Abstract
The article was written to direct attention to the deplorable conditions still being suffered on many Indian Reserves across Canada; and, further, to show how these conditions reflect themselves in the schools, and in the children. These conditions, it was maintained, consisted of all the usual results of abject poverty and systematic neglect and exploitation of the First Nations people--degradation, humiliation, substandard living conditions, low self-esteem, heavy drinking, sickness, and apathy. Since these conditions reflect themselves on the children, it was maintained, then what is the impact on the children, and what role does the teacher (overwhelmingly white) serve on the reserve and in the classroom? The author then sketched an outline depicting a fairly typical situation the first year on a reserve by a fairly typical teacher in charges of a fairly typical class of students. The picture painted was bleak in the extreme; especially since the Dickensian depictions were happening in one of the richest countries on earth. And they were almost all based on personal experience. The article concludes with a message to incoming teachers for the following year. The message was a simple appeal--if you wish to succeed, you must (a) leave your middle-class values at home, (b) climb off the backs of the kids, and let them be what they are, (c) be unfailingly there for them and their parents and (d) institute the democratic process in the classroom; one vote per person including yourself.
- Published
- 1968
109. PATTERNS OF BELIEF AT THE DENOMINATIONAL AND CONGREGATIONAL LEVELS.
- Author
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Davidson, James D.
- Subjects
CHURCH membership ,CONGREGATIONAL churches ,CHURCH polity ,CHRISTIAN sects ,BELIEF & doubt ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
This paper examines the homogeneity and heterogeneity of church members' beliefs at the denominational and congregational levels. Homogeneity is defined as the extent to which one pattern of belief tends to dominate all others. Heterogeneity is defined as the extent to which more than one pattern of belief exists within a group. Data were obtained from Baptist and Methodist members of two middle class and two working class congregations. The data indicated that heterogeneity prevailed in both denominations and in three of the four congregations. A discussion of these findings focuses on some of the functional implications of heterogeneity and the role of heterogeneity in some of the crises religious groups are facing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
110. RELIGIOUS EDUCATION AND ETHNIC IDENTIFICATION: IMPLICATIONS FOR ETHNIC PLURALISM.
- Author
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Shapiro, Howard M. and Dasheisky, Arnold
- Subjects
RELIGIOUS education ,IDENTIFICATION (Psychology) ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RELIGIOUS institutions ,RELIGION & sociology - Abstract
While ethnic pluralism is becoming an increasingly important ideology, formal education to strengthen ethnicity has been largely ignored until recently. This paper investigates the effect of religious education on ethnic identification. Questionnaire data were provided by 183 Jewish men aged 22-29 who resided in St. Paul. Analysis of these data indicates that Jewish education has a "mild but lasting" independent effect on Jewish identification. Relevant childhood and adolescent socialization variables (Jewish activities, father's religiosity, and familial expectations for participation in Jewish activities) do not confound this relationship. Three relevant variables concerning the respondent's adult structural characteristics (synagogue membership, Jewish organizational involvement, and secular education) were used to specify the magnitude of this relationship in various contexts. Most important in this analysis is the finding that the relationship between Jewish education and Jewish identification increases with increases in secular education. Implications of this study are considered and suggestions for further research are offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
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111. Ethnic segregation in urban Israel.
- Author
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Klaff, Vivian Z. and Klaff, V Z
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,SOCIAL distance ,SOCIAL participation ,ETHNIC groups ,GROUP identity ,SOCIAL classes ,COMPARATIVE studies ,EMIGRATION & immigration ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL cooperation ,RESEARCH ,SOCIAL skills ,STATISTICS ,CITY dwellers ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,EVALUATION research - Abstract
Using an ecological perspective, one aspect of the relationship of social distance and physical distance is analyzed in the three largest cities in Israel. The principal aim of the paper is to examine ethnic (country of origin) residential segregation as an indicator of social patterning within the society. Despite the different demographic, topographical and functional characteristics of the three cities, fairly similar patterns of ethnic segregation are found using the technique of Smallest Space Analysis (SSA-I) to analyze index of dissimilarity matrices. Patterns of ethnic segregation are then related to the SES of sub-quarters to determine the nature of the internal structure of the cities. It is suggested that ethnicity is an important variable in the process of social stratification in urban Israel, at least insofar as ecological relationships are concerned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
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112. NORTH AMERICA.
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration ,CULTURAL pluralism ,ETHNICITY ,PROGRESSIVISM ,RURAL-urban migration - Abstract
The article presents information on various papers related to migration in North America, published in different journals. One of the papers titled "Ethnic Pluralism in the Connecticut Central City," aims to provide some hard facts on the ethnic groups who reside in three of Connecticut's largest cities--Hartford, Bridgeport, and New Haven. In another paper "Blood Pressure Changes Among Male Navaho Migrants to an Urban Environment," comparative data on systolic and diastolic blood pressures were obtained on male Navahos before and after migration from a rural to an urban environment. Both measures were significantly higher after migration. Various possible causes such as, change in altitude, saturated fat intake and age, are eliminated. The paper titled "Immigrant Ethnicity in a Changing Politics: Chicago From Progressivism to FDR," describes immigrant political behavior, especially voting and points out some causes of this behavior, specifically, those forces which resulted in strong ethnic Democratic voting by the end of the 1920's.
- Published
- 1971
113. MISUNDERSTANDINGS IN INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS.
- Author
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ICHHEISER, GUSTAV
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY ,NATIONALISM ,INTERNATIONAL conflict ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
The article presents the author's perception of misunderstandings in international relations. The author agrees that the disentanglement of nationalistic ideologies and non-nationalistic factors in ideologies is important for a comprehensive understanding of certain basic issues. The author states that there are two dynamic systems that are causing misunderstandings-first is related to interdependence between culture, emotions and perceptions and second is the limits of insight.
- Published
- 1951
- Full Text
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114. Immigrants and Migrants: The Detroit Ethnic Experience. Ethnic Studies Reader.
- Author
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Hartman, David W.
- Abstract
Among the purposes stated to be served by this book of readings are: the description of several ethnic communities in the Detroit metropolitan area; a questioning of what is meant by ethnics, ethnic groups, and ethnicity; and a look at what ethnicity means when ethnics interact in the institutional world. The document is divided into five sections which are separate entities and do not depend on each other. Part I outlines what ethnicity and ethnic groups are all about. Part II illustrates three different perspectives or ways at looking at ethnic groups. Part III focuses on six different areas within the ethnic world -- that of the person, community, culture, institutions, politics, and economics. Part IV centers around the analysis of five different Detroit ethnic communities. Part V provides data sources for the reader who is interested in quantitative information or who wishes to explore more fully a specific ethnic group. The book is considered not to be a comprehensive statement about ethnic communities in Detroit. Difficulties encountered in generation of the book were seen to include the acquisition of short pieces concerning recent Detroit ethnic communities, the length and datedness of some documents, the scarcity of research on ethnic communities in Detroit, and the failure of some manuscripts to describe the people. (Author/AM)
- Published
- 1974
115. American Pluralism: A Study of Minority Groups and Social Theory.
- Author
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Newman, William M. and Newman, William M.
- Abstract
This book addresses some basic issues and topics in the sociology of majority-minority relationships and attempts to evaluate and reformulate the conceptual and theoretical tools of the field. It is argued in Part I that majority-minority relationships must be understood as a case study in social stratification and as an opportunity for the study of total societies. A comparative perspective is employed in order to depict the distinctive features of the United States as a pluralistic society. In addition, various typological approaches to the study of minority groups are examined. Part II turns to the social processes of intergroup relations in the U.S. Chapter Three traces the historical emergence of the ideas of assimilation, amalgamation, and cultural pluralism, as well as the application and development of these theories in American sociology. Chapter Four places the study of majority-minority relationships in the context of social theory, and especially social conflict theory. Part III explores three related aspects of the consequences of intergroup conflicts. Chapter Five reviews some major trends of theory and research about prejudice and discrimination. Chpater Six constitutes a case study in the sociology of science. Finally, in a brief epilogue, the social meanings of minority group membership are examined from the perspective of role theory. (Author/JM)
- Published
- 1973
116. Selected Readings in the Issues of Day Care.
- Author
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Day Care and Child Development Council of America, Inc., Washington, DC., Harrell, James A., Harrell, James A., and Day Care and Child Development Council of America, Inc., Washington, DC.
- Abstract
This collection of selected readings on day care issues was compiled to provide a more manageable compendium of resources for national policy makers. The selections included date from 1970 to 1972 and were drawn from a wide variety of federally sponsored studies. The readings are organized into six chapters: (1) Day Care as a National Priority, (2) The Purpose of Day Care, (3) A Delivery System for Day Care Services, (4) The Forms and Components of Day Care, (5) The Adults Who Provide Day Care, and (6) Family Involvement in Day Care. A brief listing of other sources available is presented at the end of each chapter. (JMB)
- Published
- 1972
117. Reflections on Politics and Pluralism: A Response To Jeremiads.
- Author
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Greeley, Andrew M.
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,POLITICAL science ,ACCULTURATION ,ETHNICITY ,HETEROGENEITY ,CULTURAL fusion ,MULTICULTURALISM ,PLURAL societies ,LIBERALISM ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The article comments on the enduring pluralism in the American society. Despite its mistakes, the American experimentation in pluralism has been largely a success compared to the ethnic and racial conflicts in India, Palestine, Yugoslavia, Indonesia, Bangladesh, Iraq, Ceylon, and Burma. Notwithstanding its large land mass and population, the U.S. was marked by only one civil war. The durability of the social fabric may be attributed to the spirit of tolerance and liberalism which has characterized the American society.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
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118. The U.S.S.R.– From Charismatic Sect to Bureaucratic Society.
- Author
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Constas, Helen
- Subjects
BUREAUCRACY ,DEMOCRACY ,BOLSHEVISM ,SOCIAL structure ,COMMUNISM ,CHARISMATIC authority ,DEMOCRATIC centralism ,POLITICAL science ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
Following Max Weber's insights, two kinds of bureaucracy are distinguished: charismatic and legal-rational. Bolshevism is analyzed as a charismatic movement which, through institutionalization, results in a "charismatic bureaucratic society." The Communist bureaucracy is a ruling class, administering a state property system and, in that institutional setting, industrialism serves not so much to raise the standard of living as to maintain and extend Communist power and guarantee charismatic claims to superiority. Charismatic bureaucratic society, though a common historical form (found also in Incan Peru and Pharaonic Egypt), is outside the Western tradition of pluralistic societies based on private property. Western bureaucracies are not totalitarian; they neither raise total moral claims nor constitute a ruling class but remain sources of countervailing power in a pluralistic, not a monolithic, society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1961
- Full Text
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119. READERS REPORT.
- Author
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WEBER, VERNE, KENNY, GERTRUDE V., AIBEY, JOHN, NAUGHTON, JOSEPH M., HAMILTON, W. E., and THOMPSON, JOHN P.
- Subjects
LETTERS to the editor ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CIGARETTE industry ,COLORIMETRY ,ELECTRONICS - Abstract
Several letters to the editor are presented in response to articles in previous issues including "The Growing Urge to Diversity," in the June 19, 1954 issue, "In Cigarettes Get It Again," in the June 26, 1954 issue, and "Color Checker," in the April 10, 1954 issue regarding the new development in the color measurement electronic field.
- Published
- 1954
120. THE PLURAL SOCIETY IN THE BRITISH WEST INDIES (Book).
- Author
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Freilich, Morris
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book "The Plural Society in the British West Indies," by M.G. Smith.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
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121. SOUTH AFRICA, A STUDY IN CONFLICT (Book).
- Author
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Tiryakian, Edward A.
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book "South Africa, A Study in Conflict," by Pierre L. van den Berghe.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
122. Jewish Self-interest in "Black Pluralism".
- Author
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Cox, Oliver C.
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,SOCIAL sciences ,MINORITIES ,ASSIMILATION (Sociology) ,AFRICAN Americans ,AMERICAN Jews - Abstract
From time immemorial Jewish tribal exclusiveness among dominant societal groups has resulted in various forms of conflict determined by the social situation. The critical force involved has been the group's peculiar resistance to social assimilation. Different social systems react differently to the persistence of this trait. The caste system of India, for example, would hardly notice it. But capitalist culture, which originated in the European medieval city, has constantly resisted it; that culture is basically assimilationist. American Negroes, in their opposition to racism, have relied mainly on the ideology of assimilation, These two divergent tendencies have come into collision recently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
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123. Religious Pluralism, Legal Development, and Societal Complexity: Rudimentary Forms of Civil Religion.
- Author
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Cole, William A. and Hammond, Philip E.
- Subjects
RELIGIOUS diversity ,CIVIL religion ,CHAUVINISM & jingoism ,NATIONALISM & religion ,CULTURAL pluralism ,RELIGION & culture - Abstract
We explore the question of why civil religion might arise in the first place. Essentially the argument is: (1) the condition of religious pluralism creates special problems for social interaction; (2) social interaction, in such situations, is facilitated by a universalistic legal system; (3) a universalistic legal system may, therefore, be elevated to the sacred realm. Actually, the data bear on only the first two at these propositions, showing that the association between legal development and societal complexity increases with every increase in religious pluralism. We prepare the groundwork for the plausible claim, therefore, that, in the absence of a universally acceptable meaning system (traditional religion), the legal order may become a universally acceptable substitute (civil religion). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
124. DON'T FORGET THE IRISH!
- Author
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Mathieson, Moira B.
- Subjects
MULTICULTURALISM ,CULTURAL policy ,SOCIAL policy ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CULTURAL property ,ETHNIC relations ,ACCULTURATION ,SOCIAL sciences - Abstract
The article presents a list of articles related to multiculturalism published in various journals. They include "Domestic Pacification," by George D. Corey and Richard A. Cohen, "Cultural Pluralism in the Southeastern United States: Toward an Understanding of Historical Conflict," by Raymond Gavins, "Interethnic Conflict," by Nathan Glazer, "The Transmission of Cultural Heritages: The Case of the Irish and the Italians," by Andrew M. Greeley and William McCready, and "Protesting Voices: A Way of Hearing," by J. Merrell Hansen.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
125. No One Model American: A Collegiate Case in Point.
- Author
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Hidalgo, Hilda
- Subjects
EDUCATION policy ,UNITED States education system ,MULTICULTURAL education ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CURRICULUM ,AMERICAN schools abroad ,MULTICULTURALISM ,TEACHER training - Abstract
The article examines the No One Model American policy in education in the U.S. The American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education has adopted the policy as a guide for addressing the issues in the American school system: The rejection of the melting pot theory, to be replaced by active encouragement and perpetuation of cultural pluralism in the American society. The four areas in the institutional life of Livingston College that are in conflict with the principles stated in the No One Model American are: college image and philosophy as evidenced in institutional documents; population: ethnic-racial mix of student, faculty, administration and staff; curriculum and specific policies and practices.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
126. Cultural Pluralism: Political Hoax? Educational Need?
- Author
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Lopez Jr., Thomas R.
- Subjects
MULTICULTURALISM ,CULTURAL pluralism ,ETHNIC relations ,MEXICAN American studies ,ETHNOLOGY ,HISPANIC Americans ,MEXICAN Americans ,UNITED States education system - Abstract
The article comments on the role of cultural pluralism in the society in the U.S. Any hope for cultural pluralism involves politics and economic power. The most immediate danger of cultural pluralism is its handy convenience in ignoring problematic conditions that confront socially disenfranchised groups and in failing to address pressing educational problems of ethnical minorities in schools. There is a danger that the Mexican American studies and particular courses could add to reinforce the already catalog of myths and stereotypes about Mexicans and Americans.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
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127. Social science as a transnational system.
- Author
-
Alger, Chadwick F. and Lyons, Gene M.
- Subjects
SEMINARS ,SOCIAL sciences ,NATIONALISM ,IDEOLOGY ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
The article presents a report of a seminar on "Social Science as a Transnational System," which was held at the Bellagio, Italy, Study and Conference Center of the Rockefeller Foundation from July 16 to 21, 1973. While initiative for holding the seminar was taken by Chadwick Alger of Ohio State University and Gene Lyons of Dartmouth College, participants were selected and the agenda was developed with the collaboration of scholars from many countries, including a number who were not able to be present at the seminar. In a similar spirit, the seminar had no sponsor, except the scholars collectively present. The report that follows attempts to report faithfully the key issues raised in the seminar, identifying the source of contributions wherever possible. This thematic report was developed from summaries of each session and written memoranda which participants contributed in elaboration of their oral interventions. The report is organized around the main themes of asymmetry and dependency, nationalism, ideology, pluralism and community. The authors expect the report to be viewed as the collective work of all participants.
- Published
- 1974
128. A Critique of the Pluralist Model.
- Author
-
Newton, K.
- Subjects
POLITICAL sociology ,CULTURAL pluralism ,POLITICAL doctrines ,DEMOCRACY ,POLITICAL systems - Abstract
This research examines the view of Robert Dahl on pluralism as a working model of political decision-making and not with the prescriptive pluralism of political theorists. In some ways Dahl's New Haven, Connecticut findings are not very different from those of the elitists. In this light, it is interesting to compare Dahl and Hunter, the two main protagonists of the elitist-pluralist debate. Besides the infinitely better methodology used by Dahl, one of the main differences between the two writers is the way in which they interpret and particularly the way in which they appraise their data. Hunter is highly critical of politics in Atlanta, Georgia and obviously believes that the city falls far short of the democratic ideal. He writes that his concern for the future of democracy prompted his study of power in Atlanta. Dahl is much less critical of New Haven politics and believes that it is not so very different from a reasonable man's expectations of democracy in operation. He holds the view that over-optimism about democratic possibilities in modern large scale industrial societies will only breed cynicism about democracy. New Haven may not operate in the way that perfect textbook democracies should operate, but that is all pie in the sky, and New Haven is a good example of what a real, feasible democratic system looks like, warts and all.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
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129. THE EFFECT OF AGE, SEX, AND LANGUAGE ON ROTATION IN A VISUAL-MOTOR TASK.
- Author
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Blum, Donna M. and Chagnon, J. Gilles
- Subjects
LANGUAGE & languages ,AGE ,CULTURE ,HUMAN sexuality ,CULTURAL pluralism ,ADULT-child relationships - Abstract
The article analyzes the effect of age, sex, and language on rotation in a visual-motor task. It is concerned with the phenomenon of rotation as measured by the Minnesota Percepto-Diagnostic Test. This task is also a function of field-dependence or -independence; that is, the ability to overcome an imbedding context, to experience an item independently of an organized field of which it is a part. Specifically, this study was designed to assess the influence of three different variables, namely, age, sex, and cultural environment as manifested through language differences upon the occurrence of rotation on a graphic-motor task. Several factors have been postulated to be among the more significant in the rotation phenomenon, whether it be in relation to blocks, drawings, or other tasks. The subjects of this investigation were divided into four language groups, each consisting of 120 normal children between the age of 6 and 14 years. The four language groups were the following: English, French, Bilingual, and Canadian Indian. Age and language were found to be significantly related to the occurrence of rotation.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
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130. Cultural pluralism, equality of treatment and equality of opportunity in the Lebanon.
- Subjects
EQUALITY ,MULTICULTURALISM ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
Demonstrates the originality of the Lebanese experiment on cultural pluralism, equality of treatment and equality of opportunity. Problems encountered in trying to secure equal economic and social rights in a pluralist's society; Acknowledgement of equality of opportunity before the law and equal status for all cultures; Information on the program of action of Lebanon aimed at regional and social development.
- Published
- 1968
131. RELIGION AND OCCUPATIONAL ACHIEVEMENT.
- Author
-
Jackson, Elton F., Fox, William S., and Crockett Jr., Harry J.
- Subjects
RELIGION ,OCCUPATIONS ,ETHNIC groups ,GROUP identity ,CULTURAL pluralism ,MULTICULTURALISM ,CULTURAL fusion - Abstract
Analysis of 1957 national sample data indicates several religious differences in occupational achievement: (1) Protestants are more likely than Catholics of the same occupational origin to enter high-status nonmanual occupations; (2) Catholics are more likely than Protestants of the same origin to enter low-status nonmanual occupations; (3) Protestants are more often sharply up-mobile, and Catholics are more often sharply down-mobile. These differences are small but are not diminished by controls for ethnicity, region in which reared, age, generation, and size of community in which reared. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
132. CULTURAL PLURALISM AND LINGUISTIC EQUILIBRIUM IN SWITZERLAND.
- Author
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MAYER, KURT
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,SOCIAL sciences ,HETEROGENEITY ,POLITICAL stability ,LANGUAGE policy ,CONSTITUTIONS ,LANGUAGE & languages ,NATIONALISM ,DEMOCRACY - Abstract
The article discusses cultural pluralism and national equilibrium in Switzerland. It states that the Swiss have learnt to blend their cultural heterogeneity into national unity and political stability. Ethnic linguisim of the Swiss population is stated to be an important ingredient of their cultural pluralism. Switzerland's national languages are German, French, Italian, and Romansh, which are recognized equally in their Federal Constitution. The linguistic equilibrium is stated to be manifested in the multilingual principle, which is of recent historical origin. The article concludes that the country's linguistic equilibrium originated at time before language was made a symbol of rampant nationalism and that it is an integrating influence of Swiss democracy.
- Published
- 1951
- Full Text
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133. The revolt of the Netherlands.
- Author
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Ellemers, J. E.
- Subjects
RELIGIONS ,REVOLUTIONS ,CULTURAL pluralism ,SECTS ,HERETICS - Abstract
The article examines the role of religion in the revolt of the Netherlands which resulted in the pluralistic structure of the new nation. Until the late 1560s the revolutionary movement consisted of loosely structured, rather isolated small groups with around them larger groups of supporters. It has been shown that in the earlier sects and groups of heretics the leaders were often people of modest background, coming from the lower-middle classes and the working classes. Although their status was probably somewhat higher than that of most of their followers, they were not very acceptable to other groups of the population. In the emerging Calvinist groups, the leaders increasingly consisted of merchants and learned people. It was only natural that part of the leadership of the revolutionary movement would fall into their hands. In the meantime a certain institutionalization took place. The religious movement developed from a great variety of loosely structured sects into an established church. The survival of the Catholic Church in the Netherlands was not only a matter of tolerance, or rather of inability on the side of the Calvinists to impose upon others their religious convictions. There has also been certain inner dynamics at work among the Catholics which in part can be explained by the operation of the same determinants which caused the spread of Calvinism. Although those who remained Catholic were exposed to more or less the same conditions of structural conduciveness and structural strain as well as in a certain degree to the same new belief systems, other precipitating factors and especially a different way of mobilization for action has been operative among them.
- Published
- 1967
- Full Text
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134. Religion and Society in the Netherlands and in America.
- Author
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Moberg, David O.
- Subjects
RELIGION & sociology ,CULTURAL pluralism ,UNITED States social conditions ,SOCIAL history - Abstract
Copyright of Social Compass is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
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135. Recent Fertility Decline in Ceylon.
- Author
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Fernando, Dallas F. S.
- Subjects
SOCIAL indicators ,ETHNIC groups ,MULTICULTURALISM ,CULTURAL pluralism ,CULTURAL fusion - Abstract
The recent declines in fertility in Asia have taken place in countries with a Mongoloid type of population. The recent fertility decline in Ceylon is interesting in view of the completely different ethnicity of its population. During the period 1963-69 the crude birth rate fell from 34.1 to 30.4 by II%. The analysis indicates that the age structure in 1969 tended to increase the crude birth rate while the marital structure tended to reduce it. Jointly they tended to reduce the birth rate. Besides this marital fertility of women (30-40) declined by 20% during this period while that of women (15-29) did not undergo any appreciable change. In view of the slow pace at which the National Family Planning Programme is proceeding it may be safer to assume that the expectation set in the medium projections may be realised by 7978. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
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136. The debate on the structure and content of West Indian values: some relevant data from Trinidad and Tobago.
- Author
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Lengermann, Patricia Madoo
- Subjects
CULTURE ,WEST Indians ,DEBATE ,MODERNISM (Christian theology) ,CULTURAL pluralism - Abstract
This article reviews some of the competing theses in the argument about the content of and degree of heterogeneity in British West Indian culture, and then relates their various hypotheses to some empirical findings on attitudes in Trinidad and Tobago. The focus is on four sociological interpretations of West Indian culture, the thesis of cultural pluralism, the thesis of cultural consensus, the argument about cultural variation and the thesis of increasing modernism. The basis of cultural pluralism is the view of culture as a system of major institutions. The basis of the cultural homogeneity is the structural functionalist theory. The intra cultural variation is repeating across the society, giving both variation and integration to the culture. Discussion on the thesis of cultural consensus, cultural pluralism, value variation and increasing modernism is presented. As a thesis about the organization of West Indian culture, cultural modernism meshes even better with the Trinidadian data than does the thesis of cultural variation. Only on the man-nature orientation do the trends in the Trinidadian groups approximate those in the thesis of cultural modernism.
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
137. Social Work in the Black Ghetto: The New Colonialism.
- Author
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Muller, Henry
- Subjects
SOCIAL services ,COLONIES ,CULTURAL pluralism ,IMPERIALISM ,MINORITIES ,AFRICAN Americans - Abstract
Social welfare's stance toward the Negro, the author states, has been one of philanthropic colonialism, which has two aspects: paternalism predicated on the assumption of cultural underdevelopment and clinical ism founded on a presumption of psychological damage resulting from the Negro's history. The values of cultural pluralism as opposed to the melting pot ideology are pointed out. It is time, the author maintains, to try the "great experiment".-to opt for the desirability of ethnicity, to provide a decent standard of living for minority groups and an opportunity to enter the mainstream while at the same time maintaining their differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1969
138. THE SOUND AND THE FURY.
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism - Published
- 1955
139. Exploration in Field Theory.
- Author
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Yinger, J. Milton
- Subjects
EDUCATIONAL sociology ,CULTURAL pluralism ,SOCIAL psychology ,RELIGION & sociology ,SOCIAL science research ,SOCIOLOGICAL research ,ETHNIC relations - Abstract
The article describes the author's current research works on sociology. The first research concerns the effects of strategic intervention on the educational lives of children from deprived backgrounds. The second research is concerned with the sociology of religion while the last one is concerned mainly with the topic of pluralism. These are basic questions for all modem societies, since none of them is homogeneous in race, religion, language, national origin, and other symbols of group identification. The author's interest in pluralism runs alongside his interest in the study of racial and cultural minorities. The pluralistic ideology affirms strongly that one can have pluralism without having a minority and majority situation. Empirical demonstration is lacking, however. This is not to say that pluralism, therefore, is too costly, for alternative social arrangements may carry even greater disadvantages than those entailed in minority majority arrangements. Before one can arrive at sound judgments regarding such important value questions, one needs much fuller information on the causes and consequences of pluralism under various conditions.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
140. The Active Society: A Theory of Societal and Political Processes (Book).
- Author
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Nisbet, Robert A.
- Subjects
SOCIAL history ,MODERN society ,CULTURAL pluralism ,MODERNITY ,LIBERTY - Abstract
The article presents the author's views on sociologist Amitai Etzioni's study on the modern societies. The trouble with the word "modern" is that innovations so designated keep aging; for example, cubist painting or atonal music. Today the "modern societies" of yesterday, that is, the societies that emerged from the scientific and industrial revolutions, seem old-fashioned. A new word is needed to label the societies emerging since 1945, the age of instantaneous communication and annihilation. Etzioni calls these societies "post-modern." Etzioni's thesis is that the "post-modern" age opens the option for a society to become either master or slave of the instruments it creates. To choose the first alternative, the society must become "active," and the goal is emancipation, and the means involve insight through analysis into the nature of the enslaving obstacles. Community, collectivity, organization, society, deviance, control, alienation, consensus, coercion, persuasion, influence, elite, mobilization, social cost, pluralism, power all of these occur frequently in the active society. With the exception of occasional neologisms, Etzioni's conceptual stock is borrowed from common usage, where, of course, meanings vary widely with the context.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
141. Pluralism in Africa (Book).
- Author
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Legassick, Martin
- Subjects
CULTURAL pluralism ,NONFICTION - Abstract
Reviews the book `Pluralism in Africa,' edited by Leo Kuper and M.G. Smith.
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
142. Analysis of Patterns of Immigration and Absorption of Immigrants
- Author
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Eisenstadt, S. N.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
143. A Definition of Colonialism
- Author
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Horvath, Ronald J.
- Published
- 1972
144. Some Thoughts on Receptors and Regulators
- Author
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Swedner, Harald
- Published
- 1972
145. Cultural Pluralism and Moral Education
- Author
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J. Theodore Klein
- Subjects
Philosophy ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Moral psychology ,Environmental ethics ,Sociology ,Social science ,Pluralism (political philosophy) ,Moral education ,Cultural pluralism ,Democracy ,Moral disengagement ,media_common ,Plural - Abstract
In this paper I will consider the relationship between cultural pluralism and moral education. I will first outline necessary condi tions for a society to be culturally pluralistic, and will then attempt to outline conditions for an ideal culturally pluralistic society. These conditions, particularly the conditions for an ideal culturally plural istic society, suggest approaches to moral education. Implicit in the conditions are certain moral values which can be taught and can have a central place in moral education. The outline of an ideal cul turally pluralistic society and the moral values implicit in the out line suggest reasons for adopting ideal cultural pluralism as a model for a democratic society. Before examining the relationship between cultural pluralism and moral education, I will consider the question of what cultural pluralism is. Is cultural pluralism the only kind of pluralism possible in a society? If not, what other kinds of pluralism are there, and how would cultural pluralism differ from them? What cultural pluralism is can best be stated by outlining conditions which must be present for a society to be identified as a culturally pluralistic society. An outline of these conditions would also show how cultural plural ism differs from other types of pluralism. A culturally pluralistic society is not simply a society which is politically pluralistic, although it is difficult to see how a cul turally pluralistic society could exist without some form of political pluralism. A politically pluralistic society can be defined as one in which decisions result from the interactions of a variety of interest groups, with some measure of equality existing among the interest groups. Through the give and take between interest groups, the interests of individuals can be represented and considered in the process of decision making.1 A society could be politically pluralistic
- Published
- 1974
146. White Separatists and Black Separatists: A Comparative Analysis
- Author
-
Joe R. Feagin
- Subjects
White (horse) ,Sociology and Political Science ,Inclusion (disability rights) ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Black Power ,Biculturalism ,Survey data collection ,Gender studies ,Sociology ,Racism ,Cultural competence ,Cultural pluralism ,media_common - Abstract
A major weakness in many treatments of the models, historical or contemporary, which delineate the preferred goals of interethnic and interracial adjustment in America has been the omission of separatist models. This paper focuses on certain extreme separatist models proposed in regard to black-white adjustment, first by examining the historical background, then by re-analyzing recent survey data to assess the extent to which rank-and-file white and black Americans support separatist solutions. Demographic and attitudinal correlates of separatism are also systematically examined. In the light of the surprisingly strong white support for separatism found in the survey data, the conclusion raises some questions about Parsons' view of the ongoing inclusion process.
- Published
- 1971
147. The Implications of Pluralism for Social Change Programs in a Canadian Arctic Community
- Author
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Smith, Derek G.
- Published
- 1971
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
148. Religious Education and Ethnic Identification: Implications for Ethnic Pluralism
- Author
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Arnold Dashefsky and Howard M. Shapiro
- Subjects
media_common.quotation_subject ,Religious studies ,Ethnic group ,Gender studies ,Toleration ,Secular education ,Philosophy ,Pluralism (political theory) ,Cultural diversity ,Religious education ,Sociology ,Ethnic history ,Cultural pluralism ,media_common - Abstract
While ethnic pluralism is becoming an increasingly important ideology, formal education to strengthen ethnicity has been largely ignored until recently. This paper investigates the effect of religious education on ethnic identification. Questionnaire data were provided by 183 Jewish men aged 22-29 who resided in St. Paul. Analysis of these data indicates that Jewish education has a "mild but lasting" independent effect on Jewish identification. Relevant childhood and adolescent socialization variables (Jewish activities, father's religiosity, and familial expectations for participation in Jewish activities) do not confound this relationship. Three relevant variables concerning the respondent's adult structural characteristics (synagogue membership, Jewish organizational involvement, and secular education) were used to specify the magnitude of this relationship in various contexts. Most important in this analysis is the finding that the relationship between Jewish education and Jewish identification increases with increases in secular education. Implications of this study are considered and suggestions for further research are offered. Of the three ideologies of ethnic relations in American society described by Gordon (1964),' cultural pluralism is becoming more ascendant. This pluralism evolved from the ostensibly open-door policy of welcoming European immigrant groups as long as they were ready to "accept their place" in American society and has come to include toleration of minor cultural differences, such as diet, music, and dance. In other words, cultural differences of an esthetic nature which are not crucial to the functioning of society, as are direct concerns with wealth, power, and prestige, are tolerated. On the other hand, structural differences according to race are demanded (Gordon, 1964). There is however, one major area, religion, in which separate Protestant, Catholic, and Jewish structures have been voluntarily accepted (Herberg, 1960). While education within one of the ma
- Published
- 1974
149. Cultural Identity: An Individual Search
- Author
-
Jane M. Black
- Subjects
Cultural history ,Literature and Literary Theory ,Cultural identity ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Judgement ,Language and Linguistics ,Education ,Cultural analysis ,Aesthetics ,Reading (process) ,Cultural diversity ,Meaning (existential) ,Psychology ,Social psychology ,Cultural pluralism ,media_common - Abstract
try to extract from my Southern-life experiences both the meaning and the direction that was in them. I knew that to be able to help a student in the classroom, I would have to know the student as a person. That meant that I had to know myself. There is a line from a current Barbra Streisand hit song which says, "What is too painful to remember, we choose to forget." And that had been my choice. Actually electing to examine my cultural history was my most necessary, most progressive step toward cultural awareness. It seems the procedure itself was less important than the courage it took for me to say, "I need to do this." My belated recognition of that need came during the time I was first reading the black poets. In graduate school, I had to write a paper in response to that poetry. An honest evaluation of my judgement and a tentative understanding of the poetry required my coming to terms with where they were as blacks and poets and where I was as a white and a teacher. The results of that search
- Published
- 1974
150. Doctrinal pluralism
- Author
-
Lonergan, Bernard J. F. and Lonergan, Bernard J. F.
- Subjects
- Cultural pluralism, Pluralism, Theology, Doctrinal
- Published
- 1971
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