Search

Epoxy compounds have found a wide variety of uses in the concrete industry as coatings, grouts, binders, sealants, bonding agents, patching materials, and general adhesives. Properties, uses, preparations, mixtures, application, and handling requirements of epoxy resin systems when applied to and used with concrete and mortar are presented. The adhesiveness of epoxy and its chemical, thermal, and physical properties are given. The modification of the foregoing properties to accommodate given situations is reviewed. Problems encountered in surface preparation are reviewed and procedures and techniques given to insure successful bonding of the epoxy to the other materials. Temperature conditioning of the base material and epoxy compound are outlined. The cleaning and maintaining of equipment is reviewed. Procedures to be followed in the application of epoxy compounds in the several use situations are given. The important factors which insure that the epoxy compound will harden (cure) and therefore perform its function are discussed together with alterations of the hardening rate. The allergenic and toxic nature of epoxies and the chemicals used with them in the industry create a hazard and precautions are detailed throughout the report. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This recommended practice covers the construction of concrete pavements and concrete bases without attempting to include inflexible specifications for procedures, materials, or equipment. References are made to specifications, but only as a guide to enable a selection of requirements suitable for a particular location or class of work. The document is slanted to some degree toward use by agencies other than state highway departments or turnpike authorities with presumably large and experienced engineering staffs, and with knowledge of past performance of pavements in the area. Siections are devoted to specifying, sampling, and testing materials, and to the possible influence of materials on skid resistance, economy, and durability. Maximum aggregate size is mentioned as sometimes relating to pavement durability. Subgrades and subbases are treated only as to final preparation for paving. Recommendations for forms are included as well as recommendations for projects using slipforms. Arrangement of joints is described, and references are given for guidance in using reinforcement. Sections on normal and high-early-strength concrete proportioning rely heavily on reference to the report of ACI Committee 211, but point out the special problems connected with pavement concretes and the use of admixtures in pavement concrete. Sections on mixing, placing, finishing, and curing concrete refer to other ACI reports where pertinent, but make recommendations for the special handling necessary in the case of pavements. Concrete bases are treated where procedures vary from those used for pavements, and recommendations and references are given for cold and hot weather concreting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reviews the experience of the Michigan Department of State Highways with the use of neoprene compression seals. Field experience and research that led to the development of specifications for their use are described. The specifications are discussed and a summary of regular condition surveys on sealed joints is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consolidation is the process of removing entrapped air -from fresh concrete in the form. Several methods and techniques are available -- the choice depending mainly on the workability of the mix, placing conditions, and degree of deaeration desired. Some form of vibration is usually employed. This recommended practice includes up-to-date information on the mechanism of consolidation, and gives recommendations on equipment characteristics and pro-cedures for various classes of construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curing is defined as the process of maintaining a satisfactory moisture content and a favorable temperature in concrete during hydration of the cementitious materials so that desired properties of the concrete are developed. Two systems of providing the required moisture are explained in detail: (I) main-taining a moist environment by application of water; and (2) prevention of loss of mixing water by use of sealing materials. Basic principles of successful curing are outlined, and commonly accepted methods, procedures, and materials are described. Recommendations are given for curing pavements and other slabs on ground; for structures and buildings; and for mass concrete. For each of these categories, methods, materials, time and tempera-ture of curing are recommended. Brief sections comment on curing requirements for precast products, shotcrete, preplaced aggregate concrete, refractory concrete, plaster, and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This guide provides a system for reporting on the condition of concrete in service. It includes a check list of the many details to be considered in making a report, and provides standard definitions of 40 terms associated with the durability of concrete. Its purpose is to establish a uniform system for evaluating the condition of concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This report considers factors pertinent to the prestressing concept, reviews results of a number of experimental projects, and presents design details for experimental sections of prestressed pavement which can be built following existing highway construction practices in North America, and using commercially available prestressing equipment. Data are presented for slabs from 400 to 900 ft ( 120 to 270 m) long, 24 ft (7.3 m} wide, and 5 in. ( 13 em) thick, with post-tensioned tendons spaced 24 in. (61 em) on centers to provide at least 100 psi (7 kgf/cm²} effective prestress at midlength of the slab. Details are suggested for 600-ft (180-m) slabs. Post-tensioning is recommended to simplify operations using developed techniques, and to avoid the cost of pavement anchor blocks. The suggested design is supported by data from recent research on the performance of thin slabs under highway traffic. Length changes anticipated are predicted on the basis of trends in earlier experiments. The design for slab ends is intended to conservatively reinforce these critical locations, assure even joints, protect the foundation, and aid drainage rather than to meet minimum design needs with the most economical construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consolidation is the process of removing entrapped air from fresh concrete in the form. Several methods and techniques are available -- the choice depending mainly on the workability of the mix, placing conditions, and degree of deaeration desired. Some form of vibration is usually employed. This recommended practice includes up-to-date information on the mechanism of consolidation, and gives recommendations on equipment characteristics and procedures for various classes of construction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Curing is defined as the process of maintaining a satisfactory moisture content and a favorable temperature in concrete during hydration of the cementitious materials so that desired properties of the concrete are developed. Two systems of providing the required moisture are explained in detail: (I) main-taining a moist environment by application of water; and (2) prevention of loss of mixing water by use of sealing materials. Basic principles of successful curing are outlined, and commonly accepted methods, procedures, and materials are described. Recommendations are given for curing pavements and other slabs on ground; for structures and buildings; and for mass concrete. For each of these categories, methods, materials, time and tempera-ture of curing are recommended. Brief sections comment on curing requirements for precast products, shotcrete, preplaced aggregate concrete, refractory concrete, plaster and other applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]