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This paper deals with a research project that was undertaken to determine the effect of sludge on the strength and plasticity of concrete. Since any successful additives used with concrete must not cause serious reductions in the strength of the concrete, the first phase of the testing investigated the effect of sludge on the compressive strength of concrete. It was anticipated that very small amounts of the sludge would produce the desired increase in plasticity. Therefore, the strength characteristics of the treated concrete were studied using low amounts of the additive.

In this article, the author outlines many implications of waste paper management. He discusses supply and demand, current and potential usage and relates these to planning needs. In the final section, Mr. Whiting puts forward a personal view of the action which he considers necessary from the national viewpoint.

The recent Green Paper ‘War on Waste’ urges local authorities to organize the recovery and re-use of waste materials in their areas. It is ambiguous, however, on the question of whether recovery should be regarded primarily as a commercial venture or a social service. In this article some of the factors to be considered before embarking on a recovery programme are discussed, and the authors identify some of the arguments for and against the view that recovery is properly a local authority service. Questions considered include the costs and savings associated with a recovery scheme, the impact of the activities of opportunists and the role of the private contractor and voluntary organizations.

High rates of acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) reduction (nitrogenase activity) were observed in woodroom effluent from a neutral sulfite semi-chemical mill under aerobic (up to 644 nmol of C 2 H 4 produced per ml per h) and under anaerobic (up to 135 nmol of C 2 H 4 produced per ml per h) conditions. Pasteurized effluent developed C 2 H 2 reduction activity when incubated under anaerobic but not under aerobic conditions. Activities were increased by addition of 0.5 to 3.0% glucose or xylose. Enrichment and enumeration studies showed that N 2 -fixing Azotobacter and Klebsiella were abundant, and N 2 -fixing Bacillus was present. Of 129 isolates of Klebsiella from pulp mills, lakes, rivers, and drainage and sewage systems, 32% possessed nitrogen-fixing ability.

A 1024-bit digital data acquisition system is described using a TTL buffer memory. Reading and writing modes are discussed together with the appropriate control logic to automatically output the buffer contents onto a suitable paper tape punch whenever the buffer has filled.

The hypothesis of oxidative and fatigue abrasion phenomena as the major cause of tire tread wear in normal operation has led to development of a laboratory test machine for which low severity, obtained by using paper tape as abrading material, and full temperature control are outstanding characteristics. Good uniformity and reproducibility of abrasion are obtained if proper care is taken. Proof of the basic theory and of its applicability to such a machine has been obtained through a survey of the effects of antioxidants in compounds and of test temperature variation. Application of this test method to tire tread compounds has given fair results here it has been possible to establish testing conditions sufficiently related to those in road tests. When these latter include a large range of severities, comparisons are less favorable and further study is being made to try to accommodate such cases.

Interrelationships between the microorganisms in paper mill slimes were investigated by observing the effect of culture filtrates from some of the organisms upon the growth of others, as well as by studying their growth in mixed culture. The most common effect was a stimulation of growth. "White water" from the mill increased the growth rate of several fungi, but had no effect on the bacterial isolates. When considered in relation to the nutritional and physical conditions prevailing within the mill system, the results suggest that there is an interdependence of vitamin-deficient organisms in slimes and that synergistic growth mechanisms do occur.

Mechanical behavior of the paper for power cable under dry condition was studied. The samples w ere impregnated with insulating-oil or microcrystaline wax after drying, and tensile strength, elongation, folding endurance, bursting strength and tear resistance were measured.(1) Comparing the mechanical strength under dry condition with that RH 65 %, there was remarkable change in the elongation of C. D (cross direction) and the folding endurance of both directions, C. D and the M. D (machine direction). Especially, the folding endurance of M. D showed the decreases of about 98%.(2) The order of properties which had been effected by heating was as follows;folding endurance>bursting strength>tear strength>elongation>tensile strength.(3) Comparing the heating in the air with that in the vacuum, so much difference was not approved by heating of 110°C and 130°C in all the properties, but remarkable change was recognized at 150°C.(4) Some difference was shown on the extreme decrease both direction, M. D and C. D by heating and remarkable difference was shown in the folding endurance and elongation by heating in the air.

The employment of radio-frequencies for chemical analysis was suggested and commenced by the author in 1936. Brief mention is made of the gradual development of the “conductrimetric tube” with references to papers by him and other workers, and a new application of external electrodes and displacement currents to chromatography is presented. A circuit diagram is given in which both rectification and amplification are achieved by the use of a “Transistor”.

Static switching control, with its greatly improved reliability, is another step toward automated industrial sytems. A general view of this field including a specific application to a paper mill digester is presented.

This paper describes an attempt to apply linear optimal control theory to computer control of an industrial process. The applicability of the theory is discussed. Particular attention is given to the problem of obtaining a mathematical model of process dynamics and disturbances. Results of actual measurements as well as results from on-line control experience are presented.

Using the principles of elementary dynamics limits are put on the speeds with which a paper transport mechanism which is required to stop at a given character can be expected to work. It is shown that these speeds are nearly four times those so far achieved.

Several analysis of wet sheet drying mechanism in the multi-cylinder dryer part have been informed and we have introduced our own idea and developed the new formulae.That is, we have succeeded in computing the changing processes of moisture content and tempenature of wet sheet by using these formulae.Many different elements-basic weight, dryer surface temperature, property and tension of dryer clothing-which have effects on the wet sheet drying are used as the functions of drying speed.As a result, the construction of dryer part are able to be determined by these formulae where certain basic design data are provided.The test results and the formulae are presented in this paper.

A RADIOIMMUNOASSAY FOR HUMAN PITUITARY LUTEINISING HORMONE USING PAPER CHROMATO-ELECTROPHORESIS

Summary The electrophoretic pattern of serum proteins has been studied in 30 infants suffering from toxicosis. During the stage of acute dehydration the main changes were a moderate or marked increase of alpha globulin, particularly of the α2 fraction and a decrease of albumin. In some cases there was also an increase of the gamma globulin. During recovery the alpha globulin decreases while albumin increases. However, the return to normal of the electrophoretic pattern is not always achieved when clinical recovery occurs. The absolute amounts of total serum proteins have also been estimated and their significance has been discussed. Electrophorese sur papier des proteines du serum au cours de la toxicose. L'aspect electrophoretique des proteines du serum a eteetudie chez 30 ehfants presentant une toxicose. Au cours de la periode de deshydratation aigue, on a pu noter une augmentation nette des alphaglobulines (en particulier la fraction alpha 2), et une diminution de l'albumine. Dans quelques cas, on a pu noter aussi une augmentation des gammaglobulines. La diminution des alphaglobulines, et l'augmentation de l'albumine est survenue avec la guerison. Neanmoins, le retour a la normale de la courbe d'electrophorese n'est pas toujours acheve au moment de la guerison elinique. Papierelektrophorese von Serum-Protein bei Sauglingstoxikose. Die Elektrophoresebefunde von Serumproteinen sind bei 30 an Toxikose leidenden Sauglingen untersucht worden. Wahrend des Stadiums der akuten Dehydration waren die Hauptveranderungen eine massige oder ausgepragte Zunahme des Alpha-Globulins, insbesondere der α2-Fraktion und eine Abnahme des Albumins. In einigen Fallen be-stand auch eine Zunahme des Gamma-Globulins. Wahrend der Genesung nimmt das Alpha-Globulin ab, wahrend das Albumin ansteigt. Jedoch ist der Ruckgang zum nor-malen elektrophoretischen Bild nicht immer vollendet wenn die klinische Genesung eintritt. Electroforesis en papel de las proteinas sericas en la toxicosis. Se estudiaron las imagenes electroforeticas de las proteinas sericas en 30 lactantes afectos de toxicosis. Durante el periodo de deshidratacion aguda, los cambios mas notables fueron un moderado o marcado aumento de la alfa globulina, especialmente de alfa 2. Durante la convalecencia, la fraecion alfa globulina disminuyo mientras au-mentaba la albumina. Sin embargo, la vuelta a la imagen electroforetica normal no siempre es completa al ocurrir, la mejoria clinica.

Adjustable-speed drives of small and medium horsepower are divided into seven types and the general characteristics of each are described and compared with reference to their application in the paper industry. Mill experience suggests that the flexibility of the adjustable-voltage d-c drive and the simplicity of the wound-rotor drive are satisfactory for most drive applications.

Using motors rated from a fraction of a horsepower up to 3,000 horsepower, the pulp and paper industry is driven largely by electric power. This article gives the method of determining motor requirements for some of the more important applications in this industry.

A PAPER Chromatographie study of urinary aminoacids has been carried out in 69 affected and 565 unaffected relatives from 64 families with various types of muscular dystrophy. Only a small proportion of subjects had either generalized or specific hyperaminoaciduria.

THE requirements for electric power-in modern pulp and paper mills are increasing at greater rates than the requirements for thermal power. In consequence, the electric power that can be generated by the normal flow rate of process steam is becoming inadequate. Low-cost hogged fuel and mill waste are also no longer available in abundant quantities to generate the increasing unbalance in electric load with condensing steam. Therefore, mill operators are finding it more economical to purchase a portion of their electric energy from utility power systems rather than to operate their own generating equipment on more expensive fuels and with consequent heat loss to the condensing water.

(1955). The Determination of Fermentable Sugars in Beer by Paper Chromatography. Proceedings. Annual meeting - American Society of Brewing Chemists: Vol. 13, Proceedings of the Annual Meeting 1955, pp. 167-173.

During the middle of the transition from hand to machine papermaking, an English papermaking firm, T. H. Saunders, produced an elaborate promotional piece consisting of a large volume with brief descriptions of hand and machine papermaking, and with 151 specimens of their output. The binding had seriously deteriorated, and there was evidence of migration among the paper specimens and the text leaves. The book was disassembled and the contents were deacidified with magnesium bicarbonate. A new binding structure was designed which involved sewing on very heavy double thongs. A novel feature of the new binding was the use of “honeycomb” boards to keep the weight of the book within manageable proportions. Finally, a solander-type box was construcfed for the book and original covers.

Summary In 21 premature infants, the birth weights of whom ranged between 1500 and 2400 g and the ages between 1 and 56 days, the total serum protein values have been determined and the serum protein components have been electrophoretieally differentiated. All infants were fed on human milk but, in 10 infants additional protein was administered (Casein preparation Secoosan). Total protein values were found to be lower in premature infants than in full-term infants. During the first eight weeks of life total protein values decreased, from 5.63 g per cent to 4.03 g per cent. The decrease in total protein is caused by a decrease in the amount of albumin (from a little below 3 g per cent in the first week of life to a little above 2 g per cent in the eighth week) and of gamma-globulin (from about 1 g per cent to about 0.5 g per cent) while the alpha1-, alpha2-and beta-globulin values remain rather constant. If casein is added to the diet the total serum protein values and the serum albumin values will range at higher levels, but the decrease with increasing age will not be prevented. On the contrary, additional casein to the diet will cause a further reduction in the gamma-globulin concentrations (Fig. 1). Taux des proteines dans le serum des prematures. Des determinations du taux des proteines totales ainsi que des taux particuliers des differentes proteines ont ete effectuees par electrophorese chez 21 bebes nes avant terme. Tous ces enfants etaient nourris au lait maternel et 10 d'entre eux recurent des supplements de proteines. Il est apparu que le taux des proteines totales etait plus faible chez les prematures que chez les enfants nes a terme. Au cours des huit premieres semaines qui suivirent la naissance, le taux des proteines totales descendit de 5,63 g%a 4,03 g%. Cet abaissenient du taux des proteines totales provenait de la diminution de la concentration en alburnine (qui d'abord legerement inferieure a 3 g % au cours de la premiere semaine etait descendue a un niveau legerement superieur a 2 g % au bout de huit semaines) et en gamma-globuline (qui, etant d'environ 1 g %etait descendue a environ 0,5 g %), tandis que les taux des globulines alpha1, alpha2 et beta etaient restes relativement constants. L'addition de caseine a la nourriture fit monter les taux des proteines totales et de l'albumine a des niveaux plus eleves, mais ces concentrations diminuerent egalement avec le temps. D'autre part, l'addition de caseine a la nourriture entraina une diminution plus importante du taux des gamma-globulines. Serumproteinwerte bei fruhgeborenen Kmdern. Bei 21 fruhgeborenen Kindern wurden die gesamten Serumproteinwerte bestimmt und die Serumproteinbestandteile elektrophoretisch differenziert. Alle Kinder wurden nut Frauenmilch ernahrt, aber 10 Kinder erhielten einen Eiweisszusatz. Die gesamten Proteinwerte erwiesen sich bei den fruhgeborenen Kindern als niedriger als in vollreif geborenen. Wahrend der ersten 8 Lebenswochen fielen die totalen Proteinwerte von 5,63 % auf 4,03 % ab. Der Fall im Gesamtproteingehalt ist durch einen Abfall im Albumingehalt bedingt (von ein wenig unter 3 g % in der ersten Lebenswoche auf ein wenig uber 2 g % in der achten Woche) und Gammaglobulingehalt (von ca. 1 g % auf ca. 0,5 g%), wahrend die Alpha1-, Alpha2-und Betaglobulinwerte ziemlich konstant bleiben. Wenn Kasein zur Diat zugefugt wird, werd. en die gesamten Serumproteinund Serumalbuminwerte ein hoheres Niveau erreichen, aber der mit dem Alter einhergehende Abfall wird nicht verhindert werden. Im Gegenteil, der Kaseinzusatz zur Diat bewirkt eine weitere Herabsetzung der Gammaglobulinkonzentrationen. Valores seroproteicos en los prematuros. Han sido determinados, en 21 prematures, los valores seroproteicos totales y diferenciados electroforeticamente los componentes seroproteicos. Todos los ninos fueron alimentados con leche humana, pero a 10 de ellos se les administraron proteinas adicionales. Hallose que los valores proteicos totales eran inferiores en los prematuros a los de los ninos nacidos a termino. Durante las ocho primeras semanas de la vida, los valores proteicos totales disminuyeron. de 5.63 g % a 4.03 g %. La disminucion del total proteico esta causada por una disminueion de la cantidad de albumina (desde un poco menos de 3 g % en la primera semana de la vida hasta un poco mas de 2 g % en la octava semana) y de gammaglobulina (desde aproximadamente 1 g % a aproximadarnente 0.5 g %) mientras los valores globulinicos alfa1, alfa2 y beta, permanecen bastante constantes. Si se anade caseina a la dieta, los valores seroproteicos totales y los valores seroalbuminosos alcanzaran niveles mas elevados, pero la disminueion, al aumentar la edad, no podra evitarse. La caseina, contraria, adioionada a la dieta, causara todavia mas reduccion en las concentraciones gammaglobulinicas.

A method has been developed for economically manufacturing insulated wire for telephone exchange area cable by making the paper on the wire. Further, this method has made it possible to increase the number of wires in a full sized cable by 175% over the number in use in 1914. Developments now under way indicate that suitable insulation can be made to replace certain textiles in some classes of wire and that the use of this process may therefore be still further extended in the not so distant future.

Following samples, 10 newsprint (53-63g/m2), 18 printing paper (30-114g/m2) and 18 kraft papet (44-83g/m2) were tested by Tensilon tensile strength tester (Instron type), Schopper tensile strength tester, Mullen tester, Elmendorf tearing tester, M. I. T. folding endurance tester and Clark stiffness tester, and most of correlation factor between these testers were statistically significant.

A detailed account is given of a method of preparing giant paper sections of lung for the day following necropsy or, better and more easily, for the subsequent day. This method represents minor modifications to the highly successful Gough-Wentworth technique by challenging the need for lengthy fixation and embedding procedures, but producing results which are thought to be comparable.

This paper describes the design, manufacture and tests on a 500/550 kV cable and joint. The cable successfully withstood 1550 kV impulse and 1290 kV switching surge established by Electric Research Council for the Waltz Mill field tests. The 60 Hz tests demonstrated the cable with either a splice, insulated to 2 times the insulation O.D. or 1.5 times the insulation O.D. had adequate ac dielectric strength.

Reviews action taken by a Texas paper and fiber company to alleviate corrosion problems by a carefully planned coatings program. Factors which stimulated the interest and action of management are given. Phases of a program submitted to management for approval are discussed. Includes objectives of program, selection of materials, surface preparation, application, inspection, records and estimated cost of program. Other items such as estimating and special coatings and linings are given briefly. 5.11