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2. Science in the Sixth Form, Working Paper No. 4.
- Author
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Schools Council, London (England).
- Abstract
These proceedings of a 1965 conference on the teaching of science in the sixth form of English schools contain summaries of each speaker's introduction to his paper, the full text of his circulated paper, and a summary of the discussion that followed. The papers were titled the sixth form; "Structure and Properties of Matter" as a sixth form course; biology in the sixth form; engineering studies; general and special studies in science; science for the arts specialist; and sixth form curriculum and examinations. During the conference the "Structure and Properities of Matter" course was renamed "Physical Sciences." Post-scripts on the physical sciences course, on engineering studies, and on the proposal for a major/minor/general studies pattern of sixth form work have been added to provide information on subsequent thought and action in these three fields which were the most controversial topics discussed at the conference. (AL)
- Published
- 1966
3. Marine Science Teaching at the University Level. Report of the Unesco Workshop on University Curricula. Unesco Technical Papers in Marine Science No. 19.
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). Div. of Marine Sciences.
- Abstract
A group of marine science education educators from several countries were requested to provide guidelines for the education and training of marine scientists and formulate recommended curricula in the following disciplines: marine biology (including fisheries biology), physical oceanography, and marine geology. Included in the report are: (1) Introduction, (2) Objectives of Marine Science Education, (3) Organization, (4) Curriculum, (5) Teaching Facilities, (6) Recommendations, (7) Textbooks and Reference Materials, (8) Journals and Reviews, and (9) Selected Publishers. (Author/RH)
- Published
- 1974
4. Disc Paper Chromatography of Inks
- Author
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Heck, Louis J. and Haworth, Daniel T.
- Published
- 1974
5. Proceedings of the 1972 Conference on Computers in Undergraduate Curricula.
- Author
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Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta. and Southern Regional Education Board, Atlanta, GA.
- Abstract
The 83 papers presented at the 1972 Conference on Computers in Undergraduate Curricula are reproduced in this volume. With computer science specifically excluded as an area of interest for the conference, papers fall under the following headings: biology, business, chemistry, economics, education, engineering, geography, languages and art, mathematics, physics, social sciences, statistics, and a general section on faculty training, software exchange, and shoestring facilities. (RH)
- Published
- 1972
6. Comparison of Document Data Bases
- Author
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Illinois Inst. of Tech., Chicago. Research Inst. and Schipma, Peter B.
- Abstract
This paper presents a detailed analysis of the content and format of seven machine-readable bibliographic data bases: Chemical Abstracts Service Condensates, Chemical and Biological Activities, and Polymer Science and Technology, Biosciences Information Service's BA Previews including Biological Abstracts and BioResearch Index, Institute for Science Information Source Tape, and Engineering Index COMPENDEX. Selected issue test tapes of each data base were printed and checked for the types of data that were contained in the issue and the methods in which the data were formatted. This paper compares the physical formats of the tapes and describes the varied treatments given to such data elements as authors, titles, abstracts, etc. Great discrepancies in the presentation of essentially similar bibliographic data were found, and some suggestions for mitigating the discrepancies by use of standards are offered. (Author)
- Published
- 1970
7. How to Use Chromatography as a Science Teaching Aid.
- Author
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National Science Teachers Association, Washington, DC. and Ganis, Frank M.
- Abstract
Presented are five procedures which permit the effective teaching of chromatography with equipment which is readily available, economical, and simple in design. The first procedure involves a study of solute partition in two immiscible solvents and of countercurrent distribution. The second illustrates the use of unidimensional ascending paper chromatography in separating the same mixture of colored components used in the first procedure. The third procedure illustrates the separation of three common sugars by unidimensional ascending paper chromatography. The fourth procedure demonstrates the separation of amino acids by ascending two-dimensional paper chromatography. The fifth procedure involves the separation of a dye mixture using thin-layer chromatography. (DS)
- Published
- 1969
8. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 10, Teacher Characteristics, Student Characteristics.
- Author
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ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the tenth in a series of general bibliographies which are being developed to disseminate information concerning documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are over 40 citations to selected documents in the areas of (1) teacher characteristics, and (2) student characteristics. The documents include research reports, research reviews, and position papers. The citations are categorized under the major areas in alphabetical order by author and indicate the availability and major ideas of the document. General bibliographies have been or are being prepared for other selected areas in science education. All bibliographies will be supplemented periodically as more documents are processed by the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. (DS)
- Published
- 1968
9. Science Education Information Report, General Bibliography Series 7, Science and Society, History of Science Education, Science History, General Studies and Surveys.
- Author
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ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
This is the seventh in a series of general bibliographies which are being developed to disseminate information concerning documents analyzed at the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. Reported are over 85 citations to selected documents in the areas of (1) science and society, (2) the history of science education, (3) science history, and (4) general studies and surveys. The documents include research reports, research reviews, conference reports, project reports, position papers, textbooks, manuals, and speeches. The citations are categorized under the major areas in alphabetical order by author and indicate the availability and major ideas of the document. General bibliographies have been or are being prepared for other selected areas in science education. All bibliographies will be supplemented periodically as more documents are processed by the ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education. (DS)
- Published
- 1968
10. The Quest for Relevance: Effective College Teaching. Volume II. The Sciences.
- Author
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American Association for Higher Education, Washington, DC.
- Abstract
Responding to a widely expressed discontent about college teaching shared by students, faculty and administrators, representatives of national professional and higher educational associations formed a committee to study means of revitalizing and reorienting instruction. Each contributor in Volume II, selected for his outstanding teaching skills in the sciences, examines current trends in teaching in his discipline, offers a critical review of the principal methods used, and provides pertinent bibliographical references. In his Introduction, Russell M. Cooper notes the impossibility of prescribing any single method of improving teaching and calls for reflection and self-criticism by the teacher. All of the papers discuss specific aspects of college teaching: graduate assistants, students who are science and nonscience majors, laboratory procedures, use of new technology, innovative practices, and do's and don'ts of teaching. Contributions cover: "The Art of Teaching Science" by Morris H. Shamos; "A Path to Relevant Teaching" by Garrett Hardin (dealing mainly with biology); "The Earth Sciences" by Sheldon Johnson; "The Teaching of College Chemistry" by W. T. Lippincott; and "The Beginning Teacher of College Mathematics" by R. L. Wilder. An extensive bibliography is included. (JS)
- Published
- 1969
11. CONGRESS ON SCIENCE TEACHING AND ECONOMIC GROWTH.
- Author
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Inter-Union Commission on the Teaching of Science, Paris (France).
- Abstract
REPORTED ARE THE ACTIVITIES OF THE CONGRESS ORGANIZED BY THE INTER-UNION COMMISSION ON SCIENCE TEACHING (CEIS) OF THE INTERNATIONAL COUNCIL OF SCIENTIFIC UNIONS (ICSU). STUDIED WERE PROBLEMS ARISING IN SEVERAL BRANCHES OF KNOWLEDGE DUE TO BOTH INCREASED NUMBERS OF STUDENTS AND SHORTAGE OF TEACHERS. OF PARTICULAR INTEREST WERE THE PROBLEMS OF DEVELOPING NATIONS. REPRESENTED AMONG THE 84 PARTICIPANTS WERE NINE AFRICAN STATES, THE UNITED STATES, FIVE ASIATIC COUNTRIES, AND NINE EUROPEAN COUNTRIES. AMONG THE DISCIPLINES REPRESENTED WERE (1) ASTRONOMY, (2) BIOLOGY, (3) BIOPHYSICS, (4) CHEMISTRY, (5) CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, (6) ECONOMICS, (7) GEOGRAPHY, (8) GEOLOGY, (9) MATHEMATICS, (10) MECHANICS, (11) PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, (12) PHYSICS, (13) ZOOLOGY, AND (14) VARIOUS OTHER FIELDS. REPRESENTATIVES PREPARED AND DISTRIBUTED TO THE GROUP PAPERS REPORTING TEACHING DEVELOPMENTS FOR EACH DISCIPLINE. SIX WORKING GROUPS WERE FORMED, AND REPORTS OF DISCUSSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS WERE PREPARED. THE MAIN TOPICS CONSIDERED ARE (1) SCIENCE INSTRUCTION AND ECONOMIC PROBLEMS, (2) IMPROVEMENT IN THE COORDINATION AMONG THE DIFFERENT BRANCHES OF SCIENCE TEACHING, (3) PRE-UNIVERSITY INSTRUCTION IN SCIENCE AND THE EDUCATION OF TEACHERS, (4) TRAINING OF TECHNICIANS, AND (5) TEACHING CONCERNING NATURAL RESOURCES. NAMES AND ADDRESSES OF PARTICIPANTS ARE GIVEN. (DH)
- Published
- 1965
12. THE NEW SCHOOL SCIENCE, A REPORT TO SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS ON REGIONAL ORIENTATION CONFERENCES IN SCIENCE.
- Author
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American Association for the Advancement of Science, Washington, DC. and VIALL, WILLIAM P.
- Abstract
INFORMATION ON RECENT CURRICULUM REVISIONS IN ELEMENTARY AND SECONDARY SCIENCE IS PRESENTED. THE CHAPTERS INCLUDE MATERIALS FROM PAPERS THAT WERE PRESENTED AT NINE REGIONAL CONFERENCES OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE. THE INTRODUCTORY CHAPTER RELATES CURRICULUM MODIFICATION TO CHANGING SOCIAL STRUCTURE AND CONCOMITANT CHANGES IN THE OBJECTIVES OF EDUCATION. THE ADMINISTRATOR'S ROLE IN BRINGING ABOUT CURRICULUM CHANGE IS ALSO CONSIDERED. SUBSEQUENT CHAPTERS DESCRIBE SPECIFIC SCIENCE COURSE IMPROVEMENT PROJECTS IN EARTH SCIENCE, BIOLOGY, CHEMISTRY, AND PHYSICS. DESCRIPTIONS GENERALLY INCLUDE (1) BACKGROUND INFORMATION, (2) AN EXPLANATION OF THE THEME OF THE COURSE, (3) THE STUDENT POPULATION FOR WHICH THE COURSE IS INTENDED, (4) MATERIALS PRODUCED, (5) ESSENTIAL FACILITIES AND EQUIPMENT, (6) IMPLICATIONS FOR TEACHER EDUCATION, AND (7) FUTURE PLANS. OTHER CHAPTERS ARE DEVOTED TO THE SCIENCE MANPOWER PROJECT, K-12 SCIENCE PROGRAMS, AND ELEMENTARY AND JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL SCIENCE. A FINAL CHAPTER IDENTIFIES THE RESPONSIBILITY OF SCHOOL ADMINISTRATORS IN SCIENCE CURRICULUM DEVELOPMENT AND IMPLEMENTATION. TOPICS DISCUSSED ARE MOTIVATION OF PERSONNEL, PLANNING, PUBLIC RELATIONS, INSERVICE EDUCATION, PRODUCTION AND STORAGE OF MATERIALS, COSTS, AND EVALUATION. THIS DOCUMENT IS ALSO AVAILABLE AS AAAS MISCELLANEOUS PUBLICATION 63-6 FROM THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR THE ADVANCEMENT OF SCIENCE, 1515 MASSACHUSETTS AVENUE, N.W., WASHINGTON, D.C. 20005, FOR $0.25 (AG)
- Published
- 1963
13. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 1, INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
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ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE FIRST IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 180 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATED TO INSTRUCTIONAL PROCEDURES IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
14. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 3, EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE THIRD IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 200 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATED TO EQUIPMENT AND MATERIALS FOR TEACHING AND LEARNING SCIENCE. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
15. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 2, TEACHER EDUCATION. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE SECOND IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 120 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS RELATED TO TEACHER EDUCATION IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
16. SCIENCE EDUCATION INFORMATION REPORT, BIBLIOGRAPHY 5, ACHIEVEMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHY SERIES.
- Author
-
ERIC Information Analysis Center for Science Education, Columbus, OH.
- Abstract
THIS IS THE FIFTH IN A SERIES OF GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WHICH ARE BEING DEVELOPED TO DISSEMINATE INFORMATION CONCERNING DOCUMENTS ANALYZED AT THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. REPORTED ARE OVER 85 CITATIONS TO SELECTED DOCUMENTS ON STUDENT ACHIEVEMENT IN SCIENCE. THE DOCUMENTS INCLUDED REPRESENT RESEARCH REPORTS, RESEARCH REVIEWS, CONFERENCE REPORTS, POSITION PAPERS, TEXTBOOKS, MANUALS, SPEECHES, AND NUMEROUS OTHER TYPES. THE CITATIONS ARE CATEGORIZED IN ALPHABETICAL ORDER BY AUTHOR AND INDICATE THE AVAILABILITY AND THE MAJOR IDEAS OF THE DOCUMENT. GENERAL BIBLIOGRAPHIES HAVE BEEN OR ARE BEING PREPARED FOR OTHER SELECTED AREAS IN SCIENCE EDUCATION. ALL BIBLIOGRAPHIES WILL BE SUPPLEMENTED PERIODICALLY AS MORE DOCUMENTS ARE PROCESSED BY THE ERIC INFORMATION ANALYSIS CENTER FOR SCIENCE EDUCATION. (DS)
- Published
- 1967
17. Fractionation of a crude polysaccharase system by preparative paper chromatography and paper electrophoresis
- Author
-
M.J. Wolf, M.M. MacMasters, and Veronica Jurkovich
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,Glycoside Hydrolases ,biology ,Chromatography, Paper ,Chemistry ,Biophysics ,Paper electrophoresis ,Cellulase ,Fractionation ,Chemical Fractionation ,Biochemistry ,Pectinesterase ,Paper chromatography ,Enzyme ,biology.protein ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Pectinase ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Cellulase and pentosanase were largely separated from polygalacturonase in the crude preparation, Enzyme 19-D by paper chromatography. A partial separation of pentosanase from other enzymes of the mixture was effected by paper electrophoresis. All of the enzymes studied except cellulase were inactivated by heating at 74–75 °C.; almost 50% of the cellulase activity was retained. Polygalacturonase and pectinesterase were inactive above pH 7.0. Most of the enzymes studied appeared to have two or more components.
- Published
- 1959
18. Paper Chromatography of Phenols by Polyamide Impregnated Paper
- Author
-
Kung-Tsung Wang
- Subjects
Paper chromatography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chamaecyparis formosensis ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Polyamide ,Organic chemistry ,Carvacrol ,General Chemistry ,Phenols ,biology.organism_classification - Abstract
Paper chromatography of phenols on polyamide impregnated paper was devised. Fourteen phenols in seven different solvents were studied. The Rf values were tabulated. The relation between the structure of phenols and Rf values was discussed. This method was applied for the identification of phenolic constituents of Chamaecyparis formosensis Matum, in wich p-cresol, o-cresol and carvacrol were identified.
- Published
- 1959
19. Paper Chromatography as an Adjunct in the Identification of Anaerobic Bacteria
- Author
-
M. Slifkin and H. J. Hercher
- Subjects
Chromatography, Gas ,Formates ,Chromatography, Paper ,Acetates ,Hydroxylamines ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ethylamines ,Methods ,Valerates ,Bacteriology ,Organic chemistry ,Anaerobiosis ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Caproates ,Bacteriological Techniques ,Clinical Microbiology and Immunology ,Chromatography ,Bacteria ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Chemistry ,Succinates ,General Medicine ,Fatty Acids, Volatile ,biology.organism_classification ,Butyrates ,Paper chromatography ,Evaluation Studies as Topic ,Hydroxylamine derivatives ,Lactates ,Anaerobic bacteria ,Gas chromatography ,Propionates ,Ethylamine ,Anaerobic exercise - Abstract
Modified paper chromatography procedures for the analysis of fatty acids produced by anaerobic bacteria are described. Both ethylamine and hydroxylamine derivatives of fatty acids were prepared from inoculated anaerobic culture broth. The derivatives were spotted on chromatography paper and developed with appropriate solvents. Paper chromatography is a valuable alternative to gas liquid chromatography as an ancillary procedure in the identification of anaerobic bacteria in the clinical bacteriology laboratory.
- Published
- 1974
20. Dye binding by protein as applied to quantitative paper electrophoresis
- Author
-
D.A. Osborne
- Subjects
Low protein ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,Globulin ,biology ,Elution ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Albumin ,Proteins ,General Medicine ,Biochemistry ,Solvent ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Denaturation (biochemistry) ,Cellulose ,Coloring Agents - Abstract
1. (1) The binding of acid dyes by denatured protein on filter paper has been investigated with special reference to Light Green. 2. (2) The uptake of dye, measured by elution, has been shown to vary according to the method of denaturation, the nature of the dye solvent (particularly the salt and and ethanol concentration) and finally with the duration and temperature of the subsequent washing procedure. 3. (3) Albumin and globulin do not behave in the same manner with different denaturing agents so that different methods give different albumin/globulin dye uptake ratios. 4. (4) The stoichiometric relationship between dye and protein is consistently nonlinear even at lower concentrations of protein on the paper and the same pattern can be demonstrated with protein on cellulose acetate membrane. It is suggested that this non-linear relationship at low protein densities is due to interference by the cellulose supporting medium and other anions. 5. (5) Intrinsic constants and the number of binding sites at infinite dye concentration have been measured under standardized conditions for Light Green, Brom-Cresol Green and Lissamine Green. The results have been compared and differences discussed. 6. (6) In the quantitative measurement of protein based on dye uptake, the importance of restricting the protein density on the paper is stressed.
- Published
- 1960
21. Effect of various chemical agents for the inhibition of Sphaerotilus natans in paper mill process water
- Author
-
W.S. Mueller and Warren Litsky
- Subjects
Chlorine dioxide ,Environmental Engineering ,Waste management ,biology ,Contact time ,Chemistry ,Sphaerotilus natans ,business.industry ,Ecological Modeling ,food and beverages ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Paper mill ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Pollution ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chemical agents ,Scientific method ,Chlorine ,business ,Waste Management and Disposal ,Water Science and Technology ,Civil and Structural Engineering - Abstract
In order to effectively control slime production in paper plants and other major water consuming industries, the efficacy of selected chemical compounds as inhibitors of growth of Sphaerotilus natans was investigated. It was determined that a few products were effective against Sp. natans in paper mill process water (80°F). These are listed in the following order of decreasing effectiveness: chlorine, Busan 90, chlorine dioxide and Slimacide V-10. In vitro studies can suggest those chemicals which may be useful; however, the choice of inhibitors depends largely on the individual plant, i.e., the mill processes' capacity to tolerate the concentration, contact time or cost of the specific chemical.
- Published
- 1968
22. The Determination of the Order of Lysine-containing. Tryptic Peptides of Proteins by Diagonal Paper Electrophoresis A Carboxyl-terminal Sequence for Pepsin
- Author
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R. N. Perham and G. M. T. Jones
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Paper ,Chromatography, Paper ,Protein Hydrolysates ,Swine ,Fluoroacetates ,Lysine ,Peptide ,Biochemistry ,Peptide mass fingerprinting ,Pepsin ,Methods ,Animals ,Insulin ,Chymosin ,Amino Acids ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Autoanalysis ,Chromatography ,biology ,Proteins ,Pepsin A ,Enzymes ,Amino acid ,Models, Structural ,Paper chromatography ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Cattle ,Peptides - Abstract
1 A new diagonal electrophoretic technique for determining the order of the lysine-containing tryptic peptides of a protein is described. The protein is converted into its trifluoracetyl derivative, digested enzymatically (or chemically), and the resulting peptides separated by paper electrophoresis. The paper is then treated with ammonia vapour, which re-exposes the ɛ-amino groups of the lysine residues, and submitted to a second electrophoresis at right angles to the first direction. Peptides containing lysine residues, together with the N-terminal peptide of the protein, are found to lie off a diagonal formed by all other peptides, whence they may be readily purified. A study of these peptides enables the order of the lysine-containing tryptic peptides in the protein to be deduced. 2 The technique has been successfully tested with insulin. 3 When the method was applied to porcine pepsin, the four tryptic peptides isolated were easily ordered and the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the protein shown to be Arg-Gln-Tyr-Tyr-Thr-Val-Phe-Asp-Arg-Ala-Asn-Asn-Lys-Val-Gly-Leu-Ala-Pro-Val-Ala. The three basic amino acid residues in the molecule are thus found clustering towards the C-terminus of the polypeptide chain. 4 A common ancestral gene for porcine pepsin and bovine (calf) rennin is suggested by the close homology between the C-terminal sequences of the two proteins.
- Published
- 1967
23. Paper chromatographic analysis of Strychnos alkaloids
- Author
-
G.B. Marini-Bettòlo
- Subjects
Paper chromatography ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Organic Chemistry ,Chemical groups ,Organic chemistry ,Strychnos ,General Medicine ,Paper electrophoresis ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry - Abstract
A critical review of the paper chromatography of Strychnos alkaloids has led to the following conclusions: 1. Paper chromatography is one of the most important methods of approach in elucidating the chemistry of Strychnos alkaloids. 2. Paper chromatography and electrophoresis, in the case of Strychnos tertiary alkaloids, are of great value for the rapid analytical identification of the various compounds. In the case of quaternary alkaloids these methods can give general information, but no absolute conclusions, about a great number of alkaloids so far known of this group, and facilitate the identification of some of the more common bases. 3. No absolute relation between RM value and structure can so far be derived from the RC values of Strychnos alkaloids. This is due to the extremely complicated structures of these alkaloids, which belong to several chemical groups, and to the difficulty of obtaining standard RC values for many quaternary alkaloids. 4. Paper electrophoresis of Strychnos tertiary alkaloids is of great importance for the identification of the different strychnine derivatives. 5. Paper chromatography and electrophoresis must be considered as the best methods hitherto used for the preparative purification of small quantities of Strychnos quaternary alkaloids.
- Published
- 1962
24. STUDIES ON SLIME ACCUMULATIONS IN PULP AND PAPER MILLS: VI. ISOLATION OF THERMOPHILIC AND THERMOTOLERANT FUNGI FROM PAPER MILLS
- Author
-
D. Brewer and D. E. Eveleigh
- Subjects
Malt agar ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Thermophile ,Pulp (paper) ,Botany ,Trichosporon capitatum ,engineering ,Plant Science ,engineering.material ,Biology ,Thiamine deficiency ,Mycelium - Abstract
Thermotolerant fungi have been found in slimes at temperatures of 38 to 52 °C in paper mills in Eastern Canada. The growth of some of these isolates on malt agar plates maintained at temperatures of 10 to 65 °C has been examined. Optimum temperatures varied between 30 and 50 °C, depending upon the species. Thiamine deficiency was noted in Trichosporon capitatum and Mycelium sterilium. The requirement of T. capitatum for this vitamin could be met by incorporating the thiazole and pyrimidine moieties together in the medium.
- Published
- 1963
25. Resolution of some protein mixtures by gradient elution paper chromatography
- Author
-
N. Muić and A. Meniga
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Resolution (mass spectrometry) ,Chromatography, Paper ,Elution ,Biophysics ,Egg albumin ,Proteins ,Salt (chemistry) ,Cell Biology ,Biochemistry ,Protamine ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Paper chromatography ,chemistry ,biology.protein ,Gradient elution ,Lysozyme ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
Chromatographic resolution of protein mixtures: egg albumin and lysozyme, and another containing insulin and protamine (Mugil cephalus) was achieved on paper strips using a several step elution with neutral salt solutions of increasing concentrations. Experimental data concerning the influence of cations and anions on chromatographic separation of proteins on paper strips are presented.
- Published
- 1960
26. Differentiation of DNA and RNA on filter paper discs
- Author
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P. Heu, K.A. Conklin, H.Y.M. Pan, and S.C. Chou
- Subjects
Paper ,Time Factors ,Biophysics ,Biology ,Biochemistry ,Hydrolysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Methods ,Animals ,Sodium Hydroxide ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,Trichloroacetic Acid ,Uridine ,Molecular Biology ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,Tetrahymena pyriformis ,food and beverages ,RNA ,DNA ,Cell Biology ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Kinetics ,chemistry ,Evaluation Studies as Topic ,Isotope Labeling ,Thymidine - Abstract
Differentiation of radioactive DNA and RNA deposited on filter paper discs can be accomplished by a relatively simple procedure. RNA can be efficiently removed by incubating the dises, impaled on pins, with 0.2 ml of 0.5 n NaOH for 90 min at 37°C. DNA can be removed after NaOH hydrolysis by treating the discs with 5% TCA for 30 min at 90°C. A correction is necessary to determine the actual amounts of DNA and RNA in order to account for the loss of DNA (13.8%) during the NaOH hydrolysis procedure.
- Published
- 1974
27. ELECTROPHORESIS OF PROTEINS ON FILTER PAPER
- Author
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Arne Tiselius and Henry G. Kunkel
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Chromatography ,Filter paper ,biology ,Physiology ,Chemistry ,Analytical chemistry ,Serum albumin ,Proteins ,Gel electrophoresis of proteins ,Buffers ,Human serum albumin ,Blood proteins ,Article ,Isoelectric point ,Blood serum ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Humans ,medicine.drug - Abstract
A simplified procedure for filter paper electrophoresis is described in which disturbing factors such as evaporation, heating, buffer concentration gradients, and pH changes in the electrode vessels were reduced to a minimum. Artificial mixtures of highly purified proteins could be separated and the components isolated. The application of the method to a variety of studies on serum proteins is demonstrated. Protein concentration in paper segments was determined by two different methods of protein estimation. Curves were obtained showing the same five major peaks for normal serum as found by the classical methods of free electrophoresis. Comparisons were made of the areas of the various components under the curves obtained with the different methods. Two dimensional electrophoresis was applied to serum and serum components. It proved of value in demonstrating the heterogeneity of fractions such as the γ-globulin of serum. The polysaccharide dextran was used as an index of the extent of electro-osmotic flow during the course of the various experiments. The ratio of the distance of electroosmotic flow and the distance of protein migration was shown to be constant for a given type of paper. For serum albumin on Munktell 20 paper this ratio was 0.35. A formula for mobilities applicable to liquid in a highly porous supporting medium is presented. Mobility values for human serum albumin at various pH levels on paper showed approximate agreement with those obtained in free solution giving a similar isoelectric point.
- Published
- 1951
28. Comparative Studies of Lipoproteins in Various Species by Paper Electrophoresis
- Author
-
David Adlersberg, Chun-I Wang, and Elaine T. Bossak
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Chromatography ,Cholesterol ,Lipoproteins ,Lipid fraction ,Paper electrophoresis ,Biology ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood ,Blood serum ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) ,Lipoprotein - Abstract
Summary1. Paper electrophoresis provides a simple reproducible method for the study of serum (plasma) lipoproteins. Characteristic species lipoprotein patterns were demonstrated in normal man, monkey, dog and rabbit. 2. This method combined with chemical determinations of serum (plasma) lipids permits detailed investigations of normal and abnormal lipid metabolic states. 3. Elevation of serum (plasma) lipid fractions induced in these species by various experimental procedures were accompanied by a lowering of α lipoprotein and varying degrees of elevation of the β + O fraction.
- Published
- 1954
29. Feeding on filter paper by larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L
- Author
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Toshio Ito and Masazumi Niimura
- Subjects
Larva ,Sucrose ,Filter paper ,biology ,Physiology ,fungi ,Anatomy ,biology.organism_classification ,Sterol ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Bombyx mori ,Insect Science - Abstract
Larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., were found to feed on filter paper which had previously been heated to approximately 200°C for 15 hr. Feeding on filter paper was largely accelerated when the paper had been impregnated with sucrose. β-Sitosterol and soybean sterol, previously demonstrated to stimulate feeding of the silkworm on agar-diets, showed rather little stimulating action on paper-feeding.
- Published
- 1964
30. Plasma Protein Thyroid Hormone Complexes: Separation by Continuous Flow Paper Electrophoresis
- Author
-
Marta Cancio and Efraín Toro-Goyco
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Globulin ,Beta-Globulins ,Serum albumin ,Fractionation ,Beta globulins ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Iodine Isotopes ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Serum Albumin ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Research ,Thyroid ,Gamma globulin ,Blood Proteins ,Blood Protein Electrophoresis ,Blood proteins ,Thyroxine ,Cholesterol ,Endocrinology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,biology.protein ,Serum Globulins ,gamma-Globulins ,Hormone - Abstract
SummaryNine serum protein fractionation experiments using the continuous flow paper electrophoresis technique were performed. Six experiments were performed using the serum collected from individual patients 24 and 48 hours after receiving therapeutic doses of I-131 and 3 using the serum of euthyroid individuals which was incubated in vitro for 1/2 hour at 37°C with I–131 labelled thyroxine prior to fractionation. Protein fractions obtained were identified by conventional paper electrophoresis and analyzed for radioactivity, total protein and cholesterol, the latter being taken as an index of lipid contents. Similar results were obtained for both in vivo and in vitro experiments. Beta globulins were found to be capable of forming thyroid hormone protein complexes to a larger extent than gamma globulins, but the largest amount of radioactive hormone was found as an alpha-2 globulin-thyroid hormone complex. A patient showing a marked abnormality in his plasma proteins showed the highest percent of radioacti...
- Published
- 1963
31. A Progress in the Polarographic Cancer Test by Means of Paper Electrophoresis-Polarograph Technique
- Author
-
Mamoru Kakei, Tokio Sasai, and Nobuo Yamaguchi
- Subjects
Polarography ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Mucoproteins ,Cancer ,Fraction (chemistry) ,Paper electrophoresis ,Cancer detection ,medicine.disease ,medicine ,biology.protein ,General Earth and Planetary Sciences ,In patient ,Mucoprotein ,General Environmental Science - Abstract
In spite of many attempts to modify the filtrate reaction of Brdicka's cancer test, none of them gave better results than the original one. We already reported that in patients with acute leukemia the first maximum of Brdicka's filtrate wave was often higher than the second maximum. Such phenomenon presumably depends on the high contents of polysaccharides in molecules of these blood mucoproteins. In this paper further efforts were made to clarify the factors influencing on the shape of the protein double wave, and to find out the polarographic characteristics and clinical significance of electrophoretically separated mucoprotein with special reference to the wave form. Among many experimental conditions, the temperature in polarographic cells was found to be most sensitive factor to affect the protein wave shape, so that all experiments were carried out at the constant temperature (20°C±0.05). Serum mucoprotein was evidently separated into two fractions, M1 fraction an M2 fraction, by paper electroyhoresis in McIlvaine's buffer of pH 4, 4. These two fractions showed polarographically different shape each other. The M1 fraction, the most rapidly anodic moving one, showed left side elevation in shape; in other words, the first maximum was higher than the second maximum. On the contraly, M2 fraction showed right side elevation in shape; the second maximum was higher than the first maximum. Furthermore, it was very interesting from clinical point of view that the characteristic shape of M1 fraction was to some extent variable depending on diseases. From the clinical observation on 259 cases including 119 cases of cancer and 11 cases of leukemia, it was revealed that in neoplastic patients the wave shape of M1 fraction showed clearcut difference from those in normal; Δh (distance from the second maximum to the first maximum) of M1 fraction in neoplastic patients was larger than that in normal. Thus, the cancer detection rate has markedly elevated as compared with the original filtrate test, namely from 77% to 90%o in our study.
- Published
- 1960
32. Paper Electrophoresis and Albumin/Globulin Ratios of the Serum of Normal Chickens and Chickens Fed Free Gossypol in the Diet
- Author
-
J. R. Couch, Ram Narain, Carl M. Lyman, and C. W. Deyoe
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Chromatography ,Globulin ,biology ,Normal diet ,Filter paper ,General Medicine ,Blood proteins ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Endocrinology ,Blood serum ,chemistry ,Blood chemistry ,Gossypol ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,biology.protein ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Hemoglobin - Abstract
CHANG (1955) reported the lowering of the blood hemoglobin of chicks due to free gossypol feeding and postulated that free gossypol in the diet leads to interference with the synthesis of the proteins of the blood in these chicks. In view of the useful information that has been obtained in recent years using the electrophoresis technique in the study of normal and pathological sera, an experiment was planned to study the electrophoretic patterns of serum samples obtained from birds fed a normal diet, as well as from birds fed free gossypol in the diet. An electrophoresis cell using filter paper strips, as originally designed by Durrum (1950) and marketed by Spinco, was employed. Later it was discovered that the resolution of the globulins of chick serum is very poor on filter paper. More serum samples were obtained from birds used in a study of the effect of protein level on …
- Published
- 1961
33. THE INTERMEDIATE METABOLISM OF PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: III. THE APPLICATION OF PAPER CHROMATOGRAPHY TO THE IDENTIFICATION OF GLUCONIC AND 2-KETOGLUCONIC ACIDS, INTERMEDIATES IN GLUCOSE OXIDATION
- Author
-
Jack J. R. Campbell and Flora C. Norris
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Bacteria ,biology ,Chromatography, Paper ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Chemistry ,Alcohol ,General Medicine ,Metabolism ,medicine.disease_cause ,biology.organism_classification ,Gluconates ,Paper chromatography ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Glucose ,Biochemistry ,medicine ,Identification (biology) ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
The technique of paper chromatography has been adapted to the identification of gluconic, 2-ketogluconic, and α-ketoglutaric acids. Combinations of methyl and ethyl alcohol were found to be the most suitable solvents and ammoniacal silver nitrate was found to give the most satisfactory reaction. When grown under normal physiological conditions where glucose was metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 was shown to have oxidized glucose by way of gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids. Since a strong system for oxidizing both gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids was demonstrated, the presence of these acids over at least an eight hour period of growth is taken as evidence of their importance as intermediates in the oxidation of glucose by this organism.
- Published
- 1949
34. Chromatography of the Coenzyme Q Family of Compounds on Silicone-impregnated Paper
- Author
-
R.L. Lester, T. Ramasarma, and Elizabeth M. Welch
- Subjects
Chromatography ,biology ,Resolution (mass spectrometry) ,Filter paper ,Cell Biology ,Ultraviolet absorption ,Biochemistry ,Cofactor ,Hexane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Silicone ,chemistry ,Coenzyme Q – cytochrome c reductase ,biology.protein ,Molecular Biology - Abstract
SUMMARY mitochondria were incubated in air in the presence and absence Methods are described for the resolution of coenzyme Q of substrates, the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the cyclo- homologues and other lipides by means of reversed phase paper hexane extracts of such particles were shown to change in a chromatography on silicone-impregnat,ed filter paper. manner which denoted a substrate-dependent reduction of coenzyme Q (9). Such extracts have now been chromatographed Acknowledgments-The authors are indebted to Dr. David on paper, and the results have been consistent with the previous E. Green for his encouragement in the course of these studies. interpretation of the spectra of these extracts. The data given Oscar Mayer and Company kindly supplied the large quantity in Fig. 2 indicate that the extract of particles incubated in the of tissue used in the investigation. REFERENCES
- Published
- 1959
35. A Diagonal Paper Electrophoretic Method for the Selective Isolation of Histidyl Peptides
- Author
-
H. Kaplan, T. M. Radhakrishnan, and W. H. Cruickshank
- Subjects
Chemical Phenomena ,Formates ,Formic acid ,Electrophoretogram ,Peptide ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Pepsin ,Methods ,Chymotrypsin ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Histidine ,Trypsin ,Nitrobenzenes ,Mercaptoethanol ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Maleates ,Proteolytic enzymes ,Fluorine ,General Medicine ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Pepsin A ,Electrophoresis ,Enzyme ,Thiolysis ,biology.protein ,Peptides ,Oxidation-Reduction - Abstract
Thiolysis of an imidazolyl-dinitrophenyl-histidyl peptide at either pH 3.5 or 6.5 results in an increase in the net positive charge on the peptide. It is shown that this property can be used to form the basis of a diagonal paper electrophoretic purification of histidyl peptides from proteins. The amino groups of the protein are first reacted with citraconic anhydride and then the citraconyl protein is reacted with 1-fluoro-2,4-dinitrobenzene. The dinitrophenyl-citraconyl protein is digested with pepsin in 10% formic acid and, if necessary, with other proteolytic enzymes. The enzymatic digest is subjected to high-voltage paper electrophoresis at either pH 3.5 or 6.5. A guide strip is removed, thiolyzed with 2-mercaptoethanol, and subjected to electrophoresis at the same pH at right angles to the original direction of electrophoresis. The histidyl peptides are displaced off the diagonal toward the cathode. The off-diagonal peptides are isolated from the original electrophoretogram by thiolysis and electrophoresis using the diagonal electrophoretogram to locate the positions of the dinitrophenyl-histidyl peptides.
- Published
- 1971
36. Electrophoresis of the blood of the silkworm, Bombyx mori on filter paper
- Author
-
Sadaaki Murai and Keio Aizawa
- Subjects
Tris ,Chromatography ,biology ,Globulin ,Filter paper ,fungi ,Albumin ,biology.organism_classification ,Staining ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Bombyx mori ,Amido Black ,biology.protein ,Bromphenol Blue - Abstract
1) The daily change of the electrophoretic pattern of the silkworm blood from larval to pupal stage was examined. Three components (b3, b2, b1) were present in the blood of the early period of the 5th instar as shown in the previous paper (AIZAWA, 1955), while from 4-5th day of the 5th instar to pupal stage, there appeared two components, which were densely stained (Figs. 1, 3). In the latter case, when the electrophoresis was performed with the diluted blood, three protein components could be clearly detected (Fig. 2). b3 is the fastest moving component and it seems to be albumin. b2 and b1 are probably globulin. b3 component decreased with the pupal age and finally disappeared, at earlier time in male than in female.2) Comparison of the electrophoretic patterns was made by veronal, phosphate, citrate, borate or tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane buffer with the varying ion concentration and pH. The separation of the protein fractions with veronal buffer (pH 8.6, I=0.05) was better than with other buffers.3) Comparison of staining, was examined using bromphenol blue, solar blue black and amido black. All dyes were suitable for the purpose. By sudan black staining, b3 component was slightly stained (Fig. 4).4) Paper strips were cut off from the electrophoresis paper of the jaundice-diseased blood at the regions of b3, b2+b1 and the starting line as shown in Fig. 5. The virus was extracted with the distilled water and the injection experiments were performed. The virus amount was highest in b2+b1 fractions and it decreased in the fraction from near the starting line. The virus activity was scarecely shown in the fraction of b3.5) Any difference, except for quantitative one was not observed in the electrophoretic patterns of the blood between the normal and diseased larvae (both nuclear and cytoplasmic polyhedroses). On the contrary, the pattern of Galleria mellonella is, however, different from that of Galleria-adapted silkworm jaundice virus (Aizawa, unpub.).
- Published
- 1958
37. Application of circular paper chromatography to the differentiation of bacteria by enzymic tests
- Author
-
Eugenia Soru
- Subjects
Chromatography ,biology ,Arginine ,Organic Chemistry ,General Medicine ,Ornithine ,biology.organism_classification ,Biochemistry ,Analytical Chemistry ,Arginase ,stomatognathic diseases ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Paper chromatography ,chemistry ,Viridans streptococci ,Urea ,Citrulline ,Bacteria - Abstract
This paper presents the results of the application of circular filter paper chromatography to the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci by means of an arginase test, and to the differentiation of haemolytic streptococci and viridans streptococci by an arginine dihydrolase test. Chromatographic assay indicates that in the group of staphylococci only the pathogenic and not the non-pathogenic staphylococci metabolize arginine to ornithine and urea (presence of arginase). Chromatographic assay indicates that in the group of streptococci only the haemolytic streptococci and not the viridans streptococci metabolize arginine to ornithine and citrulline, or to ornithine or citrulline only (presence of arginine dihydroase in the haemolytic group).
- Published
- 1958
38. Reproducibility with Paper Electrophoresis of Serum Proteins
- Author
-
S. Chr. Sommerfelt
- Subjects
Electrophoresis ,Reproducibility ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Reproducibility of Results ,Blood Proteins ,General Medicine ,Paper electrophoresis ,Gel electrophoresis of proteins ,Blood proteins ,biology.protein ,Electrophoresis, Paper ,Bovine serum albumin ,human activities - Abstract
(1952). Reproducibility with Paper Electrophoresis of Serum Proteins. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 307-312.
- Published
- 1952
39. THE DETERMINATION OF SERUM PROTEIN FRACTIONS ON FILTER PAPER ELECTROPHEROGRAMS BY THE BIURET REACTION, AND SOME OBSERVATIONS ON THE SERUM PROTEINS OF THE ESTROGENIZED IMMATURE PULLET
- Author
-
W. P. McKinley, W. F. Oliver, W. A. Maw, and R. H. Common
- Subjects
Chromatography ,Filter paper ,biology ,Chemistry ,Fowl ,General Medicine ,biology.organism_classification ,Blood proteins ,Biuret test ,Blood serum ,Biochemistry ,Blood chemistry ,Phosphoprotein ,biology.protein ,Bovine serum albumin - Abstract
An application of the biuret reaction to the determination of protein fractions on filter paper electropherograms of serum is described. The relative mobilities of the serum protein fractions of the domestic fowl and of man are compared. Values are reported for serum protein fractions as separated by filter paper electrophoresis in a methanolic veronal buffer. Some observations on the serum proteins of the estrogenized immature pullet are reported; and it is tentatively suggested that another fraction as well as serum phosphoprotein appears in the serum of the pullet as a consequence of treatment with estrogen.
- Published
- 1954
40. Identification of Seeds of Ipomea Purpurea (Morning Glory Family reported to have Psychotomimetic Properties) by Paper Chromatography
- Author
-
Don M. Harding, Paul M. Dougherty, William A. Carter, and James W. Brackett
- Subjects
Chromatography ,biology ,Butanol ,food and beverages ,biology.organism_classification ,Morning-glory family ,Pathology and Forensic Medicine ,Acetic acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Paper chromatography ,chemistry ,Ipomoea purpurea ,Ninhydrin ,Ultraviolet fluorescence - Abstract
This paper describes a paper chromatographic method of identification of morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) seeds used by individuals seeking hallucinatory experiences. The procedure is applicable to a single seed, seed fragments and products of “tea”. A 50 percent aqueous alcoholic extract is chromatographed in a butanol : acetic acid : water system and the pattern visualized by ultraviolet fluorescence, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and ninhydrin spray reagents. The chromatographic patterns of various morning glory seeds and other seeds of criminalistic interest are shown. Milligram quantities of Ipomoea purpurea (two varieties) are readily differentiated from all other seeds examined.
- Published
- 1966
41. Paper Chromatography as an Aid to the Identification of Nocardia Species
- Author
-
I. G. Murray and A. G. J. Proctor
- Subjects
Arabinose ,Chromatography, Paper ,Nocardia ,In Vitro Techniques ,Nocardia species ,Biology ,Streptomyces somaliensis ,biology.organism_classification ,Microbiology ,Streptomyces ,Streptomyces species ,Cell wall ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Paper chromatography ,Biochemistry ,chemistry - Abstract
SUMMARY: A simple method of detecting arabinose by paper chromatography in the cell-walls of aerobic actinomycetes is described. Mycobacteria and Nocardia species are rich in arabinose while saprophytic species of Streptomyces are deficient. Pathogenic Streptomyces species tend to fall between the two extremes but Streptomyces somaliensis is apparently nearly devoid of arabinose.
- Published
- 1965
42. On-Line; Special Summer Issue on ICM 74.
- Author
-
Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Center for Research on Learning and Teaching. and Zinn, Karl L.
- Abstract
The proceedings of the 1974 Conference on Instructional Computing in Michigan comprise this special issue of the newsletter on educational use of computers among Michigan colleges and universities. Individual papers were presented on conceptual, technical, and practical aspects of instructional computing in (1) mathematics, (2) the physical and environmental sciences, (3) the behavioral and social sciences, and (4) the arts and music. The last section of the document includes materials and papers on the administration and operation of instructional computing systems. Demonstrations of existing systems and capabilities in the state of Michigan are described. Appendixes include listings of contributors, displays from institutions, and program committees and supporting institutions. (DGC)
- Published
- 1974
43. Acetylene Reduction (Nitrogen Fixation) by Pulp and Paper Mill Effluents and by Klebsiella Isolated from Effluents and Environmental Situations
- Author
-
Ronald D. Neufeld, S. Simpson, and Roger Knowles
- Subjects
Paper ,Industrial Waste ,Bacillus ,Xylose ,engineering.material ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Microbiology ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Klebsiella ,Nitrogen Fixation ,Anaerobiosis ,General Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics ,Effluent ,Environmental Microbiology and Ecology ,Azotobacter ,Sewage ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,biology ,Acetylene ,business.industry ,Pulp (paper) ,Nitrogenase ,Paper mill ,General Medicine ,Ethylenes ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Wood ,Aerobiosis ,Culture Media ,Glucose ,chemistry ,engineering ,Nitrogen fixation ,business ,Oxidation-Reduction ,Anaerobic exercise - Abstract
High rates of acetylene (C 2 H 2 ) reduction (nitrogenase activity) were observed in woodroom effluent from a neutral sulfite semi-chemical mill under aerobic (up to 644 nmol of C 2 H 4 produced per ml per h) and under anaerobic (up to 135 nmol of C 2 H 4 produced per ml per h) conditions. Pasteurized effluent developed C 2 H 2 reduction activity when incubated under anaerobic but not under aerobic conditions. Activities were increased by addition of 0.5 to 3.0% glucose or xylose. Enrichment and enumeration studies showed that N 2 -fixing Azotobacter and Klebsiella were abundant, and N 2 -fixing Bacillus was present. Of 129 isolates of Klebsiella from pulp mills, lakes, rivers, and drainage and sewage systems, 32% possessed nitrogen-fixing ability.
- Published
- 1974
44. Rapid Filter Paper Assay for the Dextransucrase Activity from Streptococcus mutans
- Author
-
Charles F. Schachtele, Andrew M. Chludzinski, and G R Germaine
- Subjects
0301 basic medicine ,Sucrose ,Chromatography, Paper ,Dextransucrase activity ,digestive system ,Microbiology ,Dextransucrase ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,0302 clinical medicine ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,General Dentistry ,Filter paper ,biology ,Chemistry ,Methanol ,Streptococcus ,Dextrans ,030206 dentistry ,biology.organism_classification ,Streptococcus mutans ,030104 developmental biology ,Dextran ,Biochemistry ,Glucosyltransferases ,Filtration - Abstract
A convenient, sensitive, and reliable assay for the conversion of radiolabeled sucrose to alcohol-insoluble dextran by the Streptococcus mutans dextransucrase has been developed.
- Published
- 1974
45. A rapid and sensitive radiometric assay procedure for thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity using anion-exchange paper discs
- Author
-
Hubert E. Blum and Bruno Deus
- Subjects
Paper ,Glycerol kinase ,Biophysics ,Biochemistry ,Cofactor ,Phosphotransferase ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Adenosine Triphosphate ,Organophosphorus Compounds ,Methods ,Glycerol ,Magnesium ,Carbon Radioisotopes ,Thiamine ,Molecular Biology ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Microchemistry ,Phosphotransferases ,Substrate (chemistry) ,Cell Biology ,Ion Exchange ,Kinetics ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Evaluation Studies as Topic ,biology.protein ,Thiamine pyrophosphate - Abstract
A radiochemical method for the direct measurement of thiamine pyrophosphokinase (ATP: thiamine pyrophosphotransferase, EC 2.7.6.2) activity was described earlier (1,2). It avoided the difficulties associated with assay systems based on the coenzyme nature of thiamine pyrophosphate in TPP-dependent 1 enzyme reactions using apopyruvate decarboxylase (3) (2-oxoacid carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.1) or apotransketolase (4) (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase, EC 2.2.1.1). Since the chromatographic isolation of TPP is time-consuming, a procedure for the rapid determination of thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity was desirable. The simplified method described here takes advantage of the anionic character of TPP. The assay is carried out with [ 14 C]thiamine as substrate. After incubation with the enzyme in the presence of Mg 2+ -ATP, the reaction mixture is applied to a DEAE-cellulose paper disc. The disc is extensively washed with sodium acetate resulting in the quantitative elution of [ 14 C]thiamine and partial retention of [ 14 C]TPP. This is quantitatively measured using the liquid scintillation counting technique. A similar procedure has been described for the determination of glycerol kinase (ATP: glycerol phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.30) and hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) activities (5).
- Published
- 1974
46. The Teaching of Sciences in African Universities. [Report of the Seminar on the Teaching of Basic Sciences in African Universities, Rabat, 13 to 22 December 1962].
- Author
-
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France).
- Abstract
Eighteen recommendations made by a 1962 United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) seminar on teaching the basic sciences in African universities introduce the conference report. A general summary of the conference proceedings, reported separately for pedagogic problems and difficulties of organization and administration, forms the first major section of the volume. In the second section, containing papers commissioned by UNESCO to focus the attention of the participants on the general problems faced in other countries, mathematics, physics, chemistry, geology, and biology teaching are each examined, and the results of a survey of African university staff interpreted and assessed. The papers in the second section contain references to the problems in the country of the writer, and, sometimes, comparisons with the African situation. A list of conference members is included. (AL)
- Published
- 1964
47. The Control of Chemical and Biological Weapons.
- Author
-
Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, New York, NY. and Alexander, Archibald S.
- Abstract
This book is composed of four papers prepared to illuminate the problem areas which might arise if the policies of the 1925 Geneva Protocol and other measures to limit chemical and biological weapons are ratified by the United States Senate. The papers included are: Legal Aspects of the Geneva Protocol of 1925; The Use of Herbicides in War: A Political/Military Analysis; The Military Value and Political Implications of the Use of Riot Control Agents in Warfare; and Limitations on Chemical and Biological Warfare Going Beyond Those of the Geneva Protocol. A list of references is included with each paper. Comments on the papers by an advisory group are included, and the appendix contains a copy of the Geneva Protocol of 1925, a copy of the United Kingdom Draft Convention on biological warfare, and statements by President Nixon. (PR)
- Published
- 1971
48. Nonionic Surfactants in Paper Electrophoresis
- Author
-
W. Donald Graham
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography ,biology ,Chemistry ,Biochemistry (medical) ,Clinical Biochemistry ,Albumin ,Fractionation ,Paper electrophoresis ,Polyethylene glycol ,Electrophoresis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Blood serum ,Biochemistry ,biology.protein ,Antibody ,Glycoprotein - Abstract
1. A modification of the usual paper electrophoretic procedure has been made by including in the buffer medium 0.05 per cent of certain alkylphenyl ethers of polyethylene glycol. 2. This modified procedure yields electrophoretic patterns of blood serum proteins that may be subdivided into 12 fractions— albumin, α1-globulin, three α2-globulins, three β-globulins, and four γ-globulins. 3. The method was applied to blood serum from 70 patients apparently free of significant disease and to sera from a number of patients with varied disease. More specific location of the altered protein levels was possible in a number of disease states. 4. Glycoprotein distribution was not seriously disturbed by the presence of the nonionic surfactants, but lipoproteins migrated at a decreased rate.
- Published
- 1960
49. Paper chromatography of some fractions of Ascaris suum eggs
- Author
-
Benedict J. Jaskoski
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Chromatography, Paper ,Ascaris ,Immunology ,Cystine ,Phenylalanine ,General Medicine ,Biology ,Amino acid ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Infectious Diseases ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Valine ,Aspartic acid ,Animals ,Parasitology ,Leucine ,Isoleucine ,Ascaris suum ,Amino acid synthesis - Abstract
Single and two-dimensional paper chromatograms were prepared of normal and de-coated embryonated eggs of Ascaris suum, vitelline membranes, egg fluid, and larvae. Eighteen amino acids (cystine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, proline, glutamic acid, threonine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine) were identified in larvae and in normal and decoated embryonated eggs. Nine amino acids (leucine, tryptophan, cystine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, and arginine) were identified from the vitelline membrane. Seven amino acids (cystine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, proline, tyrosine) were identified from a fraction in the middle coat. Using the DNFB technic, the N-terminal amino acid in the vitelline coat was determined to be cystine. Sixteen amino acids (cystine, lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, threonine, proline, tyrosine, methionine, valine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine) were identified from the outer protein coat.
- Published
- 1962
50. Studies of Tuberculous Pus by Means of Paper Chromatography
- Author
-
Takuo Tamaki
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,fungi ,Ocular tuberculosis ,General Medicine ,Biology ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,Free amino ,Blood proteins ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Qualitative composition ,Amino acid ,Paper chromatography ,Biochemistry ,chemistry - Abstract
I investigated amino acids composition of the protein from the tuberculous pus plasma in 3 cases and free amino acids in the tungstic acid filtrates of tuberculous pus plasma by a paper-chromatographic procedure. 1) I found tuberculous pus plasma proteins do not essentially differ from usual proteins regarding the qualitative composition. 2) In 3 cases of closed tuberculous abscess never punctured free amino acids were not detected. 3) Free amino acids were present in the protein-free filtrates of tuber-culous pura of 5 closed abscesses often punctured before. 4) The number of the free amino acids found there, however, far less than that of the corresponding amino acids in hot true pura. There is a striking contrast between tubercuous and non-tuberculous true pura.
- Published
- 1953
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