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Cellulase and pentosanase were largely separated from polygalacturonase in the crude preparation, Enzyme 19-D by paper chromatography. A partial separation of pentosanase from other enzymes of the mixture was effected by paper electrophoresis. All of the enzymes studied except cellulase were inactivated by heating at 74–75 °C.; almost 50% of the cellulase activity was retained. Polygalacturonase and pectinesterase were inactive above pH 7.0. Most of the enzymes studied appeared to have two or more components.

1. (1) The binding of acid dyes by denatured protein on filter paper has been investigated with special reference to Light Green. 2. (2) The uptake of dye, measured by elution, has been shown to vary according to the method of denaturation, the nature of the dye solvent (particularly the salt and and ethanol concentration) and finally with the duration and temperature of the subsequent washing procedure. 3. (3) Albumin and globulin do not behave in the same manner with different denaturing agents so that different methods give different albumin/globulin dye uptake ratios. 4. (4) The stoichiometric relationship between dye and protein is consistently nonlinear even at lower concentrations of protein on the paper and the same pattern can be demonstrated with protein on cellulose acetate membrane. It is suggested that this non-linear relationship at low protein densities is due to interference by the cellulose supporting medium and other anions. 5. (5) Intrinsic constants and the number of binding sites at infinite dye concentration have been measured under standardized conditions for Light Green, Brom-Cresol Green and Lissamine Green. The results have been compared and differences discussed. 6. (6) In the quantitative measurement of protein based on dye uptake, the importance of restricting the protein density on the paper is stressed.

1. 1. An established method of chromatography and polychromatic staining of phospholipids on untreated paper has been more fully investigated with respect to sulphatides. 2. 2. A rapid staining method for sulpholipids on paper chromatograms is described. 3. 3. The optical properties of spherical aggregates of the sulphatides under crossed polarizers are noted. 4. 4. Sulphatides have been shown, by chromatography, to occur in many tissues including those of rat, mouse, ox, reptile, certain marine animals, Aplysia, Archidoris, Coryphella, in some microsomal fractions and in lipovitellin. Sulpholipids also occur in fungi.

1 A new diagonal electrophoretic technique for determining the order of the lysine-containing tryptic peptides of a protein is described. The protein is converted into its trifluoracetyl derivative, digested enzymatically (or chemically), and the resulting peptides separated by paper electrophoresis. The paper is then treated with ammonia vapour, which re-exposes the ɛ-amino groups of the lysine residues, and submitted to a second electrophoresis at right angles to the first direction. Peptides containing lysine residues, together with the N-terminal peptide of the protein, are found to lie off a diagonal formed by all other peptides, whence they may be readily purified. A study of these peptides enables the order of the lysine-containing tryptic peptides in the protein to be deduced. 2 The technique has been successfully tested with insulin. 3 When the method was applied to porcine pepsin, the four tryptic peptides isolated were easily ordered and the carboxyl-terminal sequence of the protein shown to be Arg-Gln-Tyr-Tyr-Thr-Val-Phe-Asp-Arg-Ala-Asn-Asn-Lys-Val-Gly-Leu-Ala-Pro-Val-Ala. The three basic amino acid residues in the molecule are thus found clustering towards the C-terminus of the polypeptide chain. 4 A common ancestral gene for porcine pepsin and bovine (calf) rennin is suggested by the close homology between the C-terminal sequences of the two proteins.

A critical review of the paper chromatography of Strychnos alkaloids has led to the following conclusions: 1. Paper chromatography is one of the most important methods of approach in elucidating the chemistry of Strychnos alkaloids. 2. Paper chromatography and electrophoresis, in the case of Strychnos tertiary alkaloids, are of great value for the rapid analytical identification of the various compounds. In the case of quaternary alkaloids these methods can give general information, but no absolute conclusions, about a great number of alkaloids so far known of this group, and facilitate the identification of some of the more common bases. 3. No absolute relation between RM value and structure can so far be derived from the RC values of Strychnos alkaloids. This is due to the extremely complicated structures of these alkaloids, which belong to several chemical groups, and to the difficulty of obtaining standard RC values for many quaternary alkaloids. 4. Paper electrophoresis of Strychnos tertiary alkaloids is of great importance for the identification of the different strychnine derivatives. 5. Paper chromatography and electrophoresis must be considered as the best methods hitherto used for the preparative purification of small quantities of Strychnos quaternary alkaloids.

Chromatographic resolution of protein mixtures: egg albumin and lysozyme, and another containing insulin and protamine (Mugil cephalus) was achieved on paper strips using a several step elution with neutral salt solutions of increasing concentrations. Experimental data concerning the influence of cations and anions on chromatographic separation of proteins on paper strips are presented.

Differentiation of radioactive DNA and RNA deposited on filter paper discs can be accomplished by a relatively simple procedure. RNA can be efficiently removed by incubating the dises, impaled on pins, with 0.2 ml of 0.5 n NaOH for 90 min at 37°C. DNA can be removed after NaOH hydrolysis by treating the discs with 5% TCA for 30 min at 90°C. A correction is necessary to determine the actual amounts of DNA and RNA in order to account for the loss of DNA (13.8%) during the NaOH hydrolysis procedure.

Summary1. Paper electrophoresis provides a simple reproducible method for the study of serum (plasma) lipoproteins. Characteristic species lipoprotein patterns were demonstrated in normal man, monkey, dog and rabbit. 2. This method combined with chemical determinations of serum (plasma) lipids permits detailed investigations of normal and abnormal lipid metabolic states. 3. Elevation of serum (plasma) lipid fractions induced in these species by various experimental procedures were accompanied by a lowering of α lipoprotein and varying degrees of elevation of the β + O fraction.

Larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., were found to feed on filter paper which had previously been heated to approximately 200°C for 15 hr. Feeding on filter paper was largely accelerated when the paper had been impregnated with sucrose. β-Sitosterol and soybean sterol, previously demonstrated to stimulate feeding of the silkworm on agar-diets, showed rather little stimulating action on paper-feeding.

The technique of paper chromatography has been adapted to the identification of gluconic, 2-ketogluconic, and α-ketoglutaric acids. Combinations of methyl and ethyl alcohol were found to be the most suitable solvents and ammoniacal silver nitrate was found to give the most satisfactory reaction. When grown under normal physiological conditions where glucose was metabolized to carbon dioxide and water, Pseudomonas aeruginosa 9027 was shown to have oxidized glucose by way of gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids. Since a strong system for oxidizing both gluconic and 2-ketogluconic acids was demonstrated, the presence of these acids over at least an eight hour period of growth is taken as evidence of their importance as intermediates in the oxidation of glucose by this organism.

SUMMARY mitochondria were incubated in air in the presence and absence Methods are described for the resolution of coenzyme Q of substrates, the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the cyclo- homologues and other lipides by means of reversed phase paper hexane extracts of such particles were shown to change in a chromatography on silicone-impregnat,ed filter paper. manner which denoted a substrate-dependent reduction of coenzyme Q (9). Such extracts have now been chromatographed Acknowledgments-The authors are indebted to Dr. David on paper, and the results have been consistent with the previous E. Green for his encouragement in the course of these studies. interpretation of the spectra of these extracts. The data given Oscar Mayer and Company kindly supplied the large quantity in Fig. 2 indicate that the extract of particles incubated in the of tissue used in the investigation. REFERENCES

This paper presents the results of the application of circular filter paper chromatography to the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci by means of an arginase test, and to the differentiation of haemolytic streptococci and viridans streptococci by an arginine dihydrolase test. Chromatographic assay indicates that in the group of staphylococci only the pathogenic and not the non-pathogenic staphylococci metabolize arginine to ornithine and urea (presence of arginase). Chromatographic assay indicates that in the group of streptococci only the haemolytic streptococci and not the viridans streptococci metabolize arginine to ornithine and citrulline, or to ornithine or citrulline only (presence of arginine dihydroase in the haemolytic group).

An application of the biuret reaction to the determination of protein fractions on filter paper electropherograms of serum is described. The relative mobilities of the serum protein fractions of the domestic fowl and of man are compared. Values are reported for serum protein fractions as separated by filter paper electrophoresis in a methanolic veronal buffer. Some observations on the serum proteins of the estrogenized immature pullet are reported; and it is tentatively suggested that another fraction as well as serum phosphoprotein appears in the serum of the pullet as a consequence of treatment with estrogen.

SUMMARY: A simple method of detecting arabinose by paper chromatography in the cell-walls of aerobic actinomycetes is described. Mycobacteria and Nocardia species are rich in arabinose while saprophytic species of Streptomyces are deficient. Pathogenic Streptomyces species tend to fall between the two extremes but Streptomyces somaliensis is apparently nearly devoid of arabinose.

A convenient, sensitive, and reliable assay for the conversion of radiolabeled sucrose to alcohol-insoluble dextran by the Streptococcus mutans dextransucrase has been developed.

A radiochemical method for the direct measurement of thiamine pyrophosphokinase (ATP: thiamine pyrophosphotransferase, EC 2.7.6.2) activity was described earlier (1,2). It avoided the difficulties associated with assay systems based on the coenzyme nature of thiamine pyrophosphate in TPP-dependent 1 enzyme reactions using apopyruvate decarboxylase (3) (2-oxoacid carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.1) or apotransketolase (4) (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase, EC 2.2.1.1). Since the chromatographic isolation of TPP is time-consuming, a procedure for the rapid determination of thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity was desirable. The simplified method described here takes advantage of the anionic character of TPP. The assay is carried out with [ 14 C]thiamine as substrate. After incubation with the enzyme in the presence of Mg 2+ -ATP, the reaction mixture is applied to a DEAE-cellulose paper disc. The disc is extensively washed with sodium acetate resulting in the quantitative elution of [ 14 C]thiamine and partial retention of [ 14 C]TPP. This is quantitatively measured using the liquid scintillation counting technique. A similar procedure has been described for the determination of glycerol kinase (ATP: glycerol phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.30) and hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) activities (5).

1. A modification of the usual paper electrophoretic procedure has been made by including in the buffer medium 0.05 per cent of certain alkylphenyl ethers of polyethylene glycol. 2. This modified procedure yields electrophoretic patterns of blood serum proteins that may be subdivided into 12 fractions— albumin, α1-globulin, three α2-globulins, three β-globulins, and four γ-globulins. 3. The method was applied to blood serum from 70 patients apparently free of significant disease and to sera from a number of patients with varied disease. More specific location of the altered protein levels was possible in a number of disease states. 4. Glycoprotein distribution was not seriously disturbed by the presence of the nonionic surfactants, but lipoproteins migrated at a decreased rate.

An investigation of the electrophoretic data from patients with various malignant diseases shows that the possibilities of paper electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool are limited. The relative inaccuracy of the method may cover up important details; but more physiological information can scarcely be expected from data concerning only one physical property of a protein molecule. Quantitative evaluation of the data still gives rather qualitative results. With more material it may be possible to differentiate between various groups of diseases. The use of the “entropy” of a serum protein mixture does not give greater differentiation. Only in a limited number of cases can it be used to distinguish pathological and normal sera. The high correlation in the normal group between the albumin contribution to the total “entropy” and the total “entropy” provides a criterion for the detection of pathological serum protein mixtures in most cases.

Single and two-dimensional paper chromatograms were prepared of normal and de-coated embryonated eggs of Ascaris suum, vitelline membranes, egg fluid, and larvae. Eighteen amino acids (cystine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, proline, glutamic acid, threonine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine) were identified in larvae and in normal and decoated embryonated eggs. Nine amino acids (leucine, tryptophan, cystine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, and arginine) were identified from the vitelline membrane. Seven amino acids (cystine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, proline, tyrosine) were identified from a fraction in the middle coat. Using the DNFB technic, the N-terminal amino acid in the vitelline coat was determined to be cystine. Sixteen amino acids (cystine, lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, threonine, proline, tyrosine, methionine, valine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine) were identified from the outer protein coat.

I investigated amino acids composition of the protein from the tuberculous pus plasma in 3 cases and free amino acids in the tungstic acid filtrates of tuberculous pus plasma by a paper-chromatographic procedure. 1) I found tuberculous pus plasma proteins do not essentially differ from usual proteins regarding the qualitative composition. 2) In 3 cases of closed tuberculous abscess never punctured free amino acids were not detected. 3) Free amino acids were present in the protein-free filtrates of tuber-culous pura of 5 closed abscesses often punctured before. 4) The number of the free amino acids found there, however, far less than that of the corresponding amino acids in hot true pura. There is a striking contrast between tubercuous and non-tuberculous true pura.

Auxins and auxin inhibitors from tissue extracts of normal Nicotiana plants, Nicotiana glavca, N. langsdorffii and their hybrid (which spontaneously produces tumors) were separated by ascending paper chromatography with n-butanol-distilled water. An Avena curvature test was used for demonstrating growth-promoting and growth-inhibiting substances. IAA could be found in extracts of the parents and the hybrid (RF 0.75). Hybrid tissue yielded the highest amount (37.10), N. glauca tissue less (30.80), and N. langsdorffii tissue the least amount (8.50) of IAA. A second growth promoter (RF 0.35) could be separated from the tissue extracts of the parents and the hybrid, but it showed only low activity in the Avena test. Three inhibitors were present in extracts from N. langsdorffii and the hybrid at RF 0.25, 0.45, and 0.85, whereas N. glauca showed only two of them (RF 0.25 and 0.85). The inhibitor with an RF of 0.45 seemed to be identical with the acidic, benzene-insoluble "inhibitor i" of Bennet-Clark and Kefford (1953). The inhibitor (neutral, benzene-soluble) at RF 0.85 could be found in some tissue extracts of the parents and the hybrid, but showed only little activity in the curvature tests. From neutral and from acidic plant extracts within a pH range of 4.4 to 5.8 a third inhibitor with an RF of 0.25 could be separated. It seems that the high concentration of natural IAA in the hybrid is regulated by a variety of inhibitors with different specificities in the growth-regulating process. Nicotiana langsdorffii tissue has much less auxin but the same variety of inhibitors as the hybrid, whereas N. glauca tissue contains less auxin than the hybrid and only two of the three inhibitors found in N. langsdorffli and hybrid

SUMMARY: The amino acid and peptide content of the micrococci as revealed by paper chromatography depended on the physiological age of the culture and on the composition of the growth medium. The use of different peptones in a Yeastrel glucose peptone medium resulted in minor changes in the chromatograms. A greater effect was noted when glucose was omitted. When the composition of the growth medium was standardized the best comparison of cultures was afforded by the preparation of chromatograms from samples taken in the late logarithmic and early stationary phases of growth.

Plasma and sera from normal and leukemic (erythroblastosis) chickens have been studied with the aid of paper electrophoresis. Differences are more easily demonstrable with pH 6.4 phosphate buffer than with barbiturate buffer. There is a relative depression in serum albumin and an apparent 'shift' in the positions normally occupied by the α- and β-globulins. The latter regularly appear to move as one band in electropherograms of sera from leukemic birds. It has been possible to induce this 'shift' in normal sera by storage or incubation.

1. 1. Crystalline β-lactoglobulin has been prepared from low-temperature, spray-dried skimmed milk. 2. 2. Crystalline β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin have been obtained from high-temperature, short-time pasteurized milk. 3. 3. The amino acid composition of hydrolyzates prepared from these proteins, estimated by quantitative paper chromatography, agrees reasonably well with the results obtained by other more elaborate and more time-consuming methods.

SYNOPSIS. The free and bound amino acids of 3 strains of Tetrahymena pyriformis (variety 6) have been identified by filter paper chromatography. Twenty bound amino acids were qualitatively and quantitatively alike in each strain. The same 17 free amino acids were identified in all 3 strains; however, quantitative variations among the cultures were noted. Strain 002. an F1 progeny clone obtained from a cross between strains EU 6000 and EU 6001, exhibited a combination of parental characteristics. The F1 organisms resembled one parental strain, EU 6000, in the ratio of free arginine to alanine, and the other parental strain, EU 6001, in the ratio of free isoleucine to leucine. The possible genetic significance of these results is noted, and the value of chromatographic analysis as an aid to genetic study is discussed.

A method is described for the direct analysis of small tissue samples to determine total ribonucleic acid (RNA) and total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. The base constituents of both RNA and DNA are separately determined by the same two-dimensional system of paper chromatography which removes contaminating hydrolysis products from the chromatograms. The RNA and DNA contents are calculated from the analytical values of the base components. The procedure has been calibrated by employing known quantities of the separate nucleotides as standards. Variations in the results of replicate analyses of single tissue samples have been described employing statistics. The ratios adenine/thymine, guanine/cytosine, and (adenine/thymine) /(guanine/cytosine) of the DNA results approach unity and therefore correspond to accepted concepts of DNA structure. The adenine /uracil, guanine/cytosine, and (adenine/uracil)/(guanine/cytosine) ratios of RNA also approach unity. The relevance of these results to the structure of RNA is discussed briefly.

It has been previously reported that the interference of unsaturated fatty acids with the chromatographic identification of saturated fatty acids may be minimized by mercuration. Because simple hydrazones of unsaturated fatty acids and their mercurated derivatives give different color reactions on treatment with diphenylcarbazone, the component saturated and unsaturated fatty acids in pupal lipids of Drosophila melanogaster were identified on the same chromatographic paper. The amounts of individual fatty acids were calculated from the spectrophotometric data by an easier method than that described in the previous reports. The quantities of saturated and unsaturated acids in different strains of D. melanogaster appeared to be related to their genetic nature.

Starting with a concentrate of alkaline phosphatase activity prepared from horse kidney, the activity may further be separated from protein contaminants by electrophoresis on filter paper. A threefold increase in the enzyme activity per unit mass of protein is achieved in one step.

The phosphatides of the erythrocytes of several species of mammals have been analysed chromatographically. The cells of the true ruminants contained substantial amounts of cephalin and sphingomyelin but usually no lecithin. The cells of dog and guinea-pig contained lecithin but relatively small amounts of sphingomyelin. The biological implications of the lack of lecithin in ruminant cells have been discussed.

Resume Ion pair formation between cobalt(III) complexes and organic anions and between anionic complex cyanides and polyvalent metal ions was studied by paper electrophoresis. It was shown that complexes of the type [CoA 6 ] 3+ can move anionically (for example in trichloroacetate) and that complexes of the type [M(CN) 6 ] 2−or3− can move cationally (for example in aluminum or zirconium chloride).

SUMMARY A preliminary survey of species of the genus Bacillus has shown that the comparative study of the bacterial amino pool, using paper partition chromatography techniques, shows promise as an aid to differentiation. But special factors, such as sporulation and other growth characteristics, make the use of these techniques more complicated than is the case with some other genera. Seventy-five mesophilic strains were examined and in general the chromatogram patterns correlated well with the biochemical, morphological and cultural characters. Further, it appears that these chromatographic techniques could be applied with advantage in the study of spore germination, heat activation and sporulation, and of the influence of growth medium, pH, temperature and degree of aeration on the metabolism of micro-organisms. The taxonomy of the thermophilic sporeformers and of new species would be clarified by chromatographic studies.

The author describes a method, for the determination of bacterial L-histidine, L-tyrosine, L-tryptophan, L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine, L-serine, L-phenyl-alanine, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid decarboxylase by means of high voltage paper electrophoresis, using electrolytes of low ionic strength. For the group of test microorganisms (Enterobacteriaceae, Achromobacteriaceae andPseudomonas), L-histidine, L-arginine, L-lysine, L-ornithine and L-glutamic acid decarboxylases were found to be of the greatest practical significance. The optimal conditions for maximum formation of these decarboxylases by some of the test strains ofEscherichia coli, Hafnia andProteus are discussed.

Solutions containing penta-, tetra- or trivalent vanadium were prepared and their vanadium strength estimated The reducing power of all the vanadium valencies upon Cu+2 and Hg+2 salts, acidified molybdate, and nitrate was investigated Separations between the valency states, which included a quantitative investigation of a VV-VI Zn by paper chromatography are described. The interaction of vanadium valencies with some Mo valency-states are summarized. A Chromatographic separation of CoII and CoIII as acetates, including a brief quantitative investigation, is also described.

The protein constituents of the larval diets of queen and worker honeybees were separated by continuous paper electrophoresis. The electrophoretic patterns of royal jelly of any age and the early worker diet were similar and comprised five ninhydrin-reactive bands or fractions. Fraction 1 (nearest the cathode) contained lysine as a free amino acid. Fractions 3 and 4 appeared to be complex polypeptides. Alanine, asparagine, aspartic acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine and/or leucine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, tyrosine, valine, and an unidentified substance were found in chromatograms of the acid hydrolyzate of fraction 3; the hydrolyzate of fraction 4 contained the same amino acids except for threonine. Fractions 2 and 5 were not characterized. Electrophoresis of the diet of worker larvae older than 3 days showed a pronounced fading of all bands, attributable to the dilution of the solids by the addition of honey which occurs at this time. There appeared to be no qualitative differences between the protein fractions of royal jelly and worker diet which would account for the differentiation of female honeybees into queens and workers. The decrease with age in the percentage of protein in the worker diet may be significant.

SUMMARYPartial separation and tentative identification of the organic phosphates present in the phosphate fraction of honey have been accomplished by using a silica gel column and several paper chromatographic procedures. The organic phosphates identified were glucose 6- phosphate, 2- or 3-phosphoglyceric acid and α or β-glycerophosphate. Inorganic phosphate was also found. One organic phosphate was not identified.

1. 1. Detached leaves of beet, swiss chard, and tobacco were found to produce large amounts of glutamine when supplied with NH 4 NO 3 in light. After an initial lag phase of 24 hr., the glutamine content of swiss chard leaves rose rapidly and continuously for at least 5 days, reaching a value of 5% of the fresh leaf weight. This glutamine was derived from photosynthetic carbon and was in dynamic equilibrium with the leaf carbohydrates. 2. 2. A method for the biosynthesis of radioactive glutamine was developed. A detached swiss chard leaf is supplied with 0.1 M NH 4 NO 3 for 48 hr. under continuous illumination. C 12 O 2 is fed during the first 24-hr, period, and C 14 O 2 during the second. In an experiment performed under these conditions, 28% of the fed C 14 was incorporated into glutamine. 3. 3. Since chemical isolation of glutamine from a leaf resulted in a product of low purity and specific activity, a Chromatographic technique has been evolved. Using this technique, 71.6% of the available glutamine was recovered from a leaf. This glutamine was over 99% pure. The final product from a 1 mc. feeding to one swiss chard leaf was 96.5 mg. of uniformly labeled glutamine with a specific activity over 4 × 10 6 counts/mm.

1. The nodules and root tissues of four species of Indian legumes, Cicer arietinum (gram), Pisum sativum (pea), Lens esculenta (lentil), and Lathyrus sativus, grown on molecular and/or combined nitrogen, were analyzed for ninhydrinreacting substances by paper chromatography. 2. Seventeen known amino acids and five unknown substances were detected in the tissues, only one of which was unique for the nodules. This was an unidentified substance with a high mobility with phenol-water but very low mobility with benzyl alcohol-acetic acid-water. 3. The bearing of the amino acids on the fixation process has been discussed. The products of fixation and assimilation of inorganic nitrogen have been found to be essentially similar except for the occurrence of certain unidentified substances in the roots and nodules of plants utilizing both forms of nitrogen.

Glycogen was extracted from glycogen bodies of 19-day chick embryos with KOH and absolute alcohol, and hydrolyzed in H2SO4. The hydrolysate was analyzed for carbohydrates by means of paper chromatography, using known carbohydrates as controls. Special techniques are described which were employed in the preparation of the hydrolysate and for chromatography. The carbohydrate of the glycogen body was identified as glucose. Evidence is presented to suggest that the polysaccharide stored by the glycogen body of 19-day chick embryos consists of glucose and not other carbohydrates.

A method for the microanalysis of adenine polyphosphates in toad muscles has been developed. This is based on the preliminary separation of the constituents by paper chromatography followed by the analysis of adenine by absorption at λmax 260 mμ. With this technique, it is possible to do a complete assay of eight muscles for ATP and ADP in twenty-four hours.

Summary A comparatively simple and rapid method for the identification, estimation and preparation of fatty acids has been developed, using reversed phase circular paper chromatography. The method is also suitable for the analysis of “Critical Pairs” of fatty acids and for the preparation of fatty acids. Further, when used at a higher temperature, the method is more sensitive in revealing the presence of even traces of higher fatty acids in the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina.

Complex formation in acetone-water systems has been investigated by studying solvent migration rate and chromatographic behaviour of hexacyanoferrate (II) and (III). The formation of mono-, tetra-, and decahydrates of acetone has been observed, of which the tetrahydrate, also observable by other physical properties of the solvent mixture, is the most stable.

A method is proposed for the measurement of corticosteroid-binding globulin in human serum. The method is easy to carry out and necessitates only 2 ml of serum. The number of binding sites present in the plasma proteins with an electrophoretic mobility between the α1 and α2 globulins is selectively measured.