55 results
Search Results
2. The massive task of expanding capacity.
- Subjects
SCARCITY ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,INDUSTRIES ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article focuses on issues concerning the shortage in raw materials which affected all industries in the U.S. as well as their productivity. It reports that among the industries that were mostly affected by the shortage are the steel industry, paper industry, and petroleum industry. It mentions that these industries have considered the use of computer control systems to compensate for the loss and to reduce waste.
- Published
- 1974
3. How Not to Waste Knowledge.
- Subjects
ACADEMIC library automation ,ACADEMIC libraries ,COMPUTERS in libraries ,LIBRARY administration ,RECORDS management ,LIBRARY users - Abstract
The article focuses on the application of automation in academic libraries to meet their needs. It says that the surge in information particularly the emergence of vast number of articles offers problems to libraries. It adds that automation can help libraries manage their suffocation by paper and helps readers to discover available information. Moreover, lots of libraries use data-processing machines to manage record book purchases, track books that are lent, and issue overdue notices.
- Published
- 1965
4. International Conference On Automation, Full Employment, and a Balanced Economy (Rome, Italy, 1967).
- Author
-
American Foundation on Automation and Employment, Inc., New York, NY.
- Abstract
Three nations, Great Britain, Sweden, and the United States, participated in the conference with representatives from management, trade unions, government, academic institutions, and interested observers. The International Labor Office and the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development also participated. Speakers from each of the three countries presented papers on one aspect of the broad topics: (1) Technological Change and Employment, (2) Manpower Planning, Educational Policy, and Training Programs, (3) The Impact of Technological Change on Wages and Salaries, (4) Technological Change and Industrial Relations. Also included is an essay on Human Values and Technology, and a summary presentation identifying some of the movements, problems, and trends which are both unique and common to the three nations participating in the conference. (CH)
- Published
- 1967
5. News by Computer.
- Subjects
BROADCAST journalism ,REPORTERS & reporting ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,CATHODE ray tubes ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER systems - Abstract
The article presents an overview on the acceleration of the pace of change in the news industry in the U.S. It highlights the adoption of the Associated Press (AP) on the new technology, choosing a system developed by Londonderry, New Hampshire-based Hendrix Electronics Inc. The innovation uses a modified cathode-ray-tub device (CRT), combining a television screen and a keyboard linked to a central computer. The investment in new machines contributes major advantages at deadline time. It highlights the certainties of news executives on their investment despite complaints of some reporters and desk-men on adjustment problems.
- Published
- 1973
6. In Management.
- Subjects
MANAGEMENT ,AUTOMATION ,CONFERENCES & conventions ,HOME schooling ,INDUSTRIAL management education - Abstract
The article presents updates related to management in the U.S. as of May 7, 1960. A symposium was conducted by the Carnegie Tech Graduate School of Industrial Administration on the impact of machines on management. A decision was made by Champion Paper & Fibre Co. to eliminate its aviation department. Management employees of Allis-Chalmers Manufacturing Co. are being offered a new home study course in business administration.
- Published
- 1960
7. CALENDAR.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,INFORMATION theory ,INFORMATION science ,AUTOMATION ,NATURAL resources ,PUBLIC utilities - Abstract
This article presents information on the forthcoming events related to the computing machinery. The 1967 International Symposium on Information Theory," is going to be held from September 6-8 in Athens, Greece. The 22nd Annual Instrument Society of America (ISA) Conference and Exhibit is going to be held September 11-14 in Chicago, Illinois. The Symposium on Computer Control of Natural Resources and Public Utilities is going to be held from September 11-14 in Israel. The 5th International Cybernetics Congress is going to be held from September 11-15 in Belgium. The Joint Conference of Univac Users Association and Univac Scientific Exchange is going to be held from September 19-22 in Minneapolis.
- Published
- 1967
8. A Concession to Dolly.
- Subjects
CONFLICT of interests ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article focuses on the dispute between publisher Dorothy Schiff of "The New York Post" and International Typographical Union Local No. 6 president Bertram Powers in the U.S. It notes that the issue started when the men of Powers refuse to operate the installed punch-tape computers by Schiff to cut production costs. It claims demands for an equal sharing of all wage savings while Schiff argued that she would not share savings in any year in which the paper failed to make a profit.
- Published
- 1965
9. An oracle follows his own advice.
- Subjects
NEW business enterprises ,AUTOMATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The article reports on the establishment of John Diebold Inc., a management and investment company formed by automation pioneer John Diebold in the U.S. It mentions that the company will specialize in financing containers particularly designed for highway, rail, water and air transportation. Moreover, it states that automation is a management problem for top executives and new technology is arising to produce social changes.
- Published
- 1969
10. Money goes electronic in the 1970s.
- Subjects
BANKING industry automation ,ONLINE banking ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
This article discusses the advent of electronic banking in the U.S. It explains that bank clients and bankers are talking about how the start of banking automation will impact the consumers and the industry. Some are suggesting that it will start the process towards a checkless and cashless society with lawyers saying that is a mistaken bank computer denies an account holder's identity a court may rule against the person because the computer is more reliable. It identifies the changes that will happen in the industry within a decade starting in 1970. INSETS: When on credit card fills the bill;New criminals for the new era;What clogs the pipeline in banking.
- Published
- 1968
11. The Impact of Automation on Society.
- Author
-
Bates, Frederick L.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIALIZATION ,SOCIAL change ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,TECHNOLOGY ,PRODUCTION (Economic theory) ,COMMUNICATION ,INDUSTRIES - Abstract
The article provides information on the impact of automation on the society particularly in the U.S. It is stated that automation is part of the larger process of social change which has been going on in human society since its inception and it has had an enormous impact on the production, communication and scientific investigation. The paper emphasizes that since automation represents the highest development to technology, it is inevitable that industries will move in its direction. It discusses the relation of automation to other technologies and how technology is related to the organization of society.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Short Takes.
- Subjects
JOURNALISM ,AUTOMATION ,UNITED States legislators ,KIDNAPPING ,MAFIA - Abstract
The article offers updates on journalism. The truck drivers' union Teamster Local 610 had attacked the newspaper "Post-Dispatch" after the negotiations between the newspaper and its truck drivers for a new automated delivery system in Saint Louis, Missouri. The Capitol Hill News Service would set five reporters to track the 40-50 preselected congressmen in Washington D.C., taking investigative and feature coverage on the legislators. Journalist Jack Begon of the American Broadcasting Co. (ABC) was said to be kidnapped by the criminal organization Mafia when he was gone missing in Italy.
- Published
- 1973
13. Split-level or regular, these units build it.
- Subjects
CONSTRUCTION industry ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article informs about Richard B. Pollman, architect of Toledo, Ohio who worked out a Unicom standard for Home Planners Inc., which publishes house plans. It states that the new standard would mean more savings for homeowners, builders and manufacturers. It states that the project financed by National Lumber Manufacturers Association and National Association of Home Builders fits more than 90% of the homes built in U.S. Builders feels that Unicom would bring automation in building industry.
- Published
- 1962
14. AUTOMATION IN DOCUMENTATION.
- Author
-
Plankeel, F. H.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,DOCUMENTATION ,DATA tapes ,HOLES ,IMAGE - Abstract
A description is given of a mechanised and automated coordinate index system which by the substitution of punched tape for term cards and the use of film offers a wide range of new applications. As in the Uniterm System, each document receives a number. Each position in the punched tape or film is numbered successively from a selected starting point and these numbers represent the numbers given to the documents. Each punched tape represents one term and a perforation in this tape reveals that the document, the number of which corresponds to that of the perforation, has this term as one of its characteristics. A film contains at each perforation a greatly reduced image of a reference to the document the number of which corresponds to that of the perforation. Thus, if a punched tape and the film are read synchronously, each reference image with a number corresponding to a perforation in the tape will be automatically reproduced. In this way, then, references to all documents for which a particular term is a characteristic can be obtained. On the other hand, by reading several tapes synchronously it is possible to record fully automatically the numbers belonging to those documents which possess all the terms represented by the tapes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1960
15. Levi Strauss legs it toward automation.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIAL productivity ,ASSEMBLY line methods - Abstract
The article discusses the improvement of productivity at Levi Strauss & Co. through automation and in-house research and development (R&D) in the U.S. It notes that an electro-optical control system has been implemented to sewing machines to attain full automation of assembly lines. It mentions that the profitable position of Levi Strauss is reflected by its willingness to invest in R&D projects. INSET: Levi Strauss legs it toward automation.
- Published
- 1973
16. Systems Analysis for Controlling and Improving Marketing Performance.
- Author
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Stasch, Stanley F.
- Subjects
COMPUTER assisted research ,MARKETING ,MARKETING research ,SYSTEM analysis ,QUANTITATIVE research ,MARKETING theory ,MARKETING models ,METHODOLOGY ,RESEARCH methodology ,THEORY-practice relationship ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
This article points out some reasons for marketing's lag in the use of computers and quantitative techniques. The systems approach is suggested as one which can minimize or eliminate the causes of this lag. The systems approach outlined by the author uses marketing theory to guide the firm's efforts in establishing performance criteria, organizing an information collection activity, and developing analytic models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Automation in Marketing.
- Author
-
Goeldner, Charles R.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,MERCHANDISING ,PURCHASING ,MARKETING management ,MARKETING ,WHOLESALE trade ,RETAIL industry ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,VENDING machines ,AUTOMATIC control systems ,AUTOMATIC machinery - Abstract
While automation exists today in only a small number of institutions, the author believes it will have a profound influence on the future of American marketing institutions. He goes on to analyze this impact on both the wholesale level and retail level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. EDP AND THE OFFICE WORK FORCE.
- Author
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Helfgott, Roy B.
- Subjects
ELECTRONIC data processing ,COMPUTERS ,OFFICE practice automation ,AUTOMATION ,LABOR supply ,WOMEN employees ,EMPLOYMENT ,ELECTRONIC systems - Abstract
The article discusses a study which analyzes the consequences of introducing electronic data processing (EDP) in several large offices in the U.S. The introduction of computers in offices revolutionizes the office system, alters the nature of the office work, increases labor productivity, upgrades the structure of the labor force, and changes its sex composition. Office automation reduced total labor requirements, but EDP has developed the skill composition of labor force. The application of EDP in office works of several companies included in the study had significant impact on office employment. However, office automation may be responsible for the decrease in growth rate of clerical jobs and that it may be reducing employment opportunities for women employees.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. COMPUTER AUTOMATION, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION: A CASE STUDY.
- Author
-
Hardin, Einar
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,ELECTRONIC data processing ,WORK environment ,QUALITY of work life ,IBM computers ,INSURANCE companies ,COMPUTER programming - Abstract
In assessing the impact of automation on workers and their jobs, little systematic attention has been paid to comparing its effects with those of more conventional changes in methods and organization of work. In this study of experience in an insurance company, changes in various job aspects, and workers' attitudes toward these changes, in the departments directly affected by the introduction of an electronic computer were compared with the effects of other types of changes that occurred at the same time in departments whose work was largely unaffected by the computer's introduction. In general, the changes in working environment and job satisfaction appear to have been quite similar between the two groups of employees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1960
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. CALENDAR.
- Subjects
CONFERENCES & conventions ,COMPUTER science ,AUTOMATION ,INSTALLATION of industrial equipment ,INDUSTRIAL engineering - Abstract
The article presents a list of congresses and conventions on computer science in the year 1968. Some of them include: The Atlantic Systems Conference, to be held in the New York City in the month of April; the 10th Symposium on Process Automation, to be held in Fullerton, California, in the month of April; the 1968 Spring Joint Computer Conference, to be held in the Atlantic City, New Jersey, in the month of April and May; and the Workshop on Installation Management, to be held in Washington D.C., in the month of June.
- Published
- 1968
21. COAL: CHALLENGE AND RESPONSE.
- Subjects
COAL industry ,FINANCIAL performance ,AUTOMATION ,ENERGY consumption ,FUEL industry - Abstract
The article focuses on the performance of the U.S. coal industry as of May 15, 1963. It looks at the various challenges facing the industry including the high cost associated with extracting oil and gas, increased labor intensity and the need for automation. It is said the coal industry is in a good position to supply the increasing energy needs of the country. It also discusses the increasing coal consumption in the U.S., which could lead to future gains for coal companies.
- Published
- 1963
22. Where automation's pinch will be.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,LABOR supply - Abstract
The article offers information on the impact of automation and technological changes on the demand for labor by 1970. It states that the U.S. Labor Department has laid down the effect on automation in several industries in the U.S. It mentions the Manpower Report of the President, which forecasts change in the trends of labor supply.
- Published
- 1964
23. Computers Go Commercial--by Degrees.
- Subjects
COMPUTER industry ,COMPUTER selling ,COMMERCIALIZATION ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article reports on the commercialization of electronic computers for industrial use in the U.S. after several years of being limited to highest strategic government uses. It notes that companies including General Electric Co. plan to install computers in their facilities to speed up their operations. However, it is noted that the growth of the computer industry creates some problems to manufacturers including the need to increase their production and finances.
- Published
- 1953
24. No Midas Touch--Just Principles.
- Subjects
CRITICAL success factor ,BUSINESS success ,CORPORATIONS ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article focuses on factors that have caused success of American Marietta Co. It informs that American Marietta, manufacturer of paints, finishes, and adhesives, ranks in the top 200 among U.S. industrial corporations and mentions about the role of the company's chairman Grover Hermann and president Robert E. Pflaumer in its success. Also discussed are various success factors which include screening of companies eligible for acquisition, central control system, and automation.
- Published
- 1958
25. Top Problem for U.S. --A General Shortage of Brainpower.
- Subjects
INTELLECT ,AUTOMATION - Abstract
The article discusses the brainpower shortage that has beset the U.S. It cites that the increasing reliance of industry on automated processes has enhanced the demand for and value of human brainpower. It notes several areas of society where creative intelligence is critically needed including business and industry, government, and the armed forces. Also mentioned are companies that acknowledge a greater need for college-educated staff including Ford Motor Co., International Nickel Co., and Armstrong Cork Co.
- Published
- 1957
26. Are We Falling Behind In Mechanization?
- Author
-
Bright, James R.
- Subjects
MECHANIZATION ,UNITED States manufacturing industries ,MANUFACTURING processes ,UNITED States economy, 1961-1971 ,AUTOMATION ,INTERNATIONAL competition ,INDUSTRIAL organization (Economic theory) ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,MARKET leaders ,INTERNATIONAL business enterprises - Abstract
The article reports on America's leadership status in mechanizing manufacturing industries in the United States. Advanced production systems and mass marketing are the sources of manufacturing leadership and effective industrial organization in the U.S. The implications of trends in production economics--such as work feeding, materials handling, factory communications, shipping containers, and automatic warehousing--are discussed. Topics include examples of production skill and manufacturing advances abroad, three steps in establishing continuous progress in mechanization, and solutions to the United States' loss of manufacturing leadership.
- Published
- 1960
27. New Potentials of Materials Handling.
- Author
-
Bright, James R.
- Subjects
MECHANIZATION ,MATERIALS handling ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,PRODUCTION control ,MATERIALS management ,FACTORY management ,AUTOMATION ,UNITED States manufacturing industries ,PALLETS (Shipping, storage, etc.) ,CONTINUOUS processing ,ASSEMBLY line methods ,INDUSTRIAL engineering - Abstract
The article reports on mechanization in production management and materials handling. The objectives of a materials-handling program are to reduce handling costs, increase plant capacity, improve safety in the workplace, and provide greater salability of palletized shipments. Conveyer systems move materials through processes--as well as initiate, control the timing of, and terminate the processes. Topics include a man-hours study by Westinghouse Electric Manufacturing Company, theory of automation, the unit-load concept, development of the engineered containers industry, and qualifications of materials-handling engineers.
- Published
- 1954
28. The Selling "ROBOT" Makes Millions for Owners.
- Author
-
McGarry, William A.
- Subjects
BUSINESS ,AUTOMATION ,VENDING machines - Abstract
The author discusses the use of automatic devices in businesses in the U.S. as of December 1928. Topics discussed include the emergence of arcade stores equipped with change making devices, benefit of the development of machinery to merchandisers and the role of sales engineer Harry W. Alexander in developing the application of vending equipment to new lines. Also mentioned is the formation of the Autodrink Corp. to manufacture automatic and animated drink vending devices.
- Published
- 1928
29. A Bright Future in Steel.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,STEEL industry ,ROLLING-mills ,COMPUTERS ,EMPLOYEE training - Abstract
The article discusses the advantages of the adoption of computer control by steel companies in the U.S. It is asserted that making iron and steel is a process that is well adapted to computer control. Several rolling mills currently under construction are expected to be almost completely controlled by computers. According to specialty steel producer Allegheny Ludlum Steel Corp., it trains its own staff for computer work and is experimenting with analog and general-purpose digital computers.
- Published
- 1960
30. Chemicals--a Fog of Secrecy.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,CHEMICAL plants ,FACTORY equipment ,FACTORY management ,CHEMICAL industry - Abstract
The article focuses on the adoption of computer control by chemical plants in the U.S. Most chemical companies are said to be reluctant to reveal how the competition will be able to benefit from the use of process computers. Engineers at du Pont and other companies assert that computer control is not economic in older plants, since it would be difficult to justify the costs of installing the instrumentation needed to make the process worthwhile.
- Published
- 1960
31. Oil--Maybe a Rich Payout.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,PETROLEUM industry ,COMPUTERS ,IBM 704 (Computer) - Abstract
The article focuses on the adoption of computer control by several oil producers in the U.S. The polymerization unit of Texaco is considered the first computer-controlled plant to manufacture a commercial product. The projects of IBM with Standard Oil of California and Standard of Indiana involved providing large IBM 704 computers used on a part-time basis, which can be set to routine scientific tasks and other processes during their spare time.
- Published
- 1960
32. Notes and Comment.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIES ,COMPUTERS ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
The article reflects on automation in the U.S. industries. It cites a paper prepared by Hubert L. Dreyfus, a professor at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which tackles the capacity of computers. It explains the failure of the government to develop a mechanical language translation program for the computer despite its effort to invest highly on research. It argues that there are many cognitive activities that machines are incapable to do.
- Published
- 1966
33. PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FERTILITY CHANGES UNITED STATES, 1950-1960.
- Author
-
Li, W. L.
- Subjects
DEMOGRAPHIC transition ,FERTILITY ,DEVELOPMENT economics ,AUTOMATION ,DEVELOPING countries - Abstract
This article presents information regarding the analysis of fertility changes in the U.S. According to the theory of demographic transition, the demographic transition of the West would be followed in its essentials in societies currently undergoing industrialization. So far, this prediction has not been borne out in such developing countries as India or Egypt, and it appears to be questionable whether industrialization is the only determinant. The analysis in this study is primarily ecological, though not in the sense of presenting state-to-state comparison of the level of the demographic and socioeconomic characteristics. Rather, changes in the dependent and independent variables are compared cross-sectionally. Since the conclusions are from the observations of the changes in the variables, this procedure is expected to yield results which are theoretically more appropriate for causal interpretation. The changing patterns of fertility suggest that they may be associated with the changes in certain socioeconomic variables in the states.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Improving Customer Service through Computer Billing.
- Subjects
INVOICES ,ELECTRIC utilities ,AUTOMATION ,CUSTOMER services - Abstract
Discusses how computerized billing improved customer service at Consolidated Edison Co. of New York Inc., an electric utility. Telephone account representatives use of a display terminal; Creation of a unified master file; Data accuracy safeguards.
- Published
- 1971
35. SOCIALLY RESPONSIBLE FIRMS: AN EMPTY BOX OR A UNIVERSAL SET?
- Author
-
Johnson, Harold L.
- Subjects
SOCIAL responsibility of business ,PROFIT ,AUTOMATION ,CHARITY ,PLANT shutdowns - Abstract
The article focuses on the social responsibility of business and its contribution in profit maximization. The pursuit of particularized social goals in a business context, arises from two sources namely through the actions of utility-maximizing entrepreneurs and through the choices of consumers and suppliers who desire, along with commodities or monetary payments, the attainment of specific non-pecuniary results in commerce. Social responsibility exists if the general preference function of the enterpriser includes variables coinciding with what the United States' community regards as desirable. Activities generally considered as responsible are sharing the readjustment costs of employees faced with automation and plant closings, mutual adjustment of contracts between firms and suppliers, friendly and honest consumer relations, corporate charity. An enterpriser unconcerned about charity while interested in profits but at the same time confronted by consumers and owners of inputs who are favorably impressed with business contributions, finds that it pays to be somewhat generous.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. AUTOMATION IN THE AUTOMOBILE INDUSTRY: SOME CONSEQUENCES FOR IN-PLANT SOCIAL STRUCTURE.
- Author
-
Faunce, William A.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIES ,AUTOMOBILE industry ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIAL sociology ,SOCIAL structure - Abstract
Although study of the work group has always been one of the important concerns of industrial sociologists, the effect of changing production technology upon work groups has received relatively little attention. The currently accelerated rate of technological innovation in American industry provides some unique opportunities for research in this area. This article reports an attempt to discover the effects of the introduction of automatic transfer machines upon interaction patterns in an automobile engine plant. The findings are summarized and their implications for some recurrent themes in industrial sociology are considered. The research upon which the article is based involved interviews with 125 workers selected randomly from four large machining departments of one of the most highly automated automobile engine plants in Detroit. All of these workers had been transferred to the automated plant from older plants of the same company and about 80% of them were working in the same job classification in the new as in the older plants.
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. ELEMENTARY SCIENCE AND THE PRESENT FERMENT.
- Author
-
Navarra, John Gabriel
- Subjects
SCIENCE education (Elementary) ,ELEMENTARY school teachers ,SCIENCE students ,INSTRUCTIONAL systems ,CURRICULUM ,EDUCATIONAL technology ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER assisted instruction - Abstract
The article focuses on developments in elementary science teaching and education in the United States. Automation and other technology products have been utilized in the teaching of science in the elementary schools, specifically in curriculum development and classroom instruction. Essentially three proposals for providing science instruction have been made through the years which emphasize on the responsibilities of the general classroom teacher, the general classroom teacher with auxiliary aid and the special teacher of science.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Cost Accounting for Advanced Technology Programs.
- Author
-
Carlisle, Howard M.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIES ,COST accounting ,ACCOUNTING ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,SPACE Age, 1957- ,RESEARCH ,AUTOMATION ,ELECTRONIC industries ,HIGH technology industries ,CORPORATE finance - Abstract
Technological advancement characterized by the space age has brought in numerous changes in industries in the U.S. The era has witnessed rapid growth in development programs associated with space, missiles and electronics. Impact of these changes are somewhat limited to engineering and scientific programs, however, it should not be inferred that these factors have not affected the business environment of all industries. In the wake of these changes, questions related to the manner in which this emphasis on research and development has modified the environment of business firms, and implications of these changes for businessmen and accountants are of significant importance. The article focuses on some of these questions fueled by technological changes, and their impact on the realm of management, financial control and cost accounting. The analysis related to these questions relates primarily to advanced technology programs which are typical of the aerospace era. Using this approach, it is easier to appreciate fully the impact of these environmental changes.
- Published
- 1966
39. ECONOMICS AND CHANGING TECHNOLOGY.
- Author
-
Brozen, Yale
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,AUTOMATION & economics ,TECHNOLOGICAL progress ,UNITED States economy, 1945- ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,MECHANIZATION ,CAPITAL stock ,WAGES ,LABOR market - Abstract
If the fear of technical progress is justified it seems that automation is the least to be feared among the many episodes of change human society has endured. It is likely to produce fewer untoward consequences even in terms of displacement, much less unemployment, than any previous set of new techniques. The 1950s seems to be as worried about automation as the twenties were about mechanization. Much of the automation is the simple consequence of a rising stock of capital. As capital increases, wage rates rise. As they rise, it pays the individual firm to shift to capital-intensive techniques, which were not previously economic. From the point of view of the firm, the wage rise makes the shift economic and forces it. From the point of view of the economy, the rise in the quantity of capital makes it possible and desirable. Some capitals saving techniques are now being applied which are recent inventions. That is, the production function in some industries has shifted. Automation in these is the consequence of recent inventions rather than of shifting relative prices of labor and capital.
- Published
- 1957
40. THE PATENT OFFICE PROBLEM.
- Author
-
Weaver, Warren
- Subjects
PATENT offices ,INTELLECTUAL property ,MACHINERY ,AUTOMATION ,MAGNETIC memory (Computers) ,COMPUTER storage devices - Abstract
This article discusses the author's views on the U.S. Patent Office Problems. There are slightly less than three million U.S. patents. If add the foreign patents and the items of technical literature available in the Patent Office, the total swells to about seven million. In the terminology of modern communications theory, in which a "bit" of information is the basic unit, the total amount of information, which must today be dealt with in the Patent Office, has been estimated to be of the order of fifty billion bits. Some 700 examiners struggle with this appalling complexity. There are at least 200,000 claims awaiting examination. Various persons have suggested that the answer to all this is to be found in the use of machines. A characteristic feature of these great electronic computers is that they are equipped with memory devices in which information can be stored in such a way that the computer, whenever it finds itself in need of an item of this stored information, can ask for it and get it very quickly.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. THOUGHTS ON LINEAR PROGRAMMING AND AUTOMATION.
- Author
-
Dantzig, George B.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,MECHANIZATION ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,MANAGEMENT science ,LINEAR programming ,MATHEMATICAL programming ,PRODUCTION control ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency ,MATHEMATICAL models ,TECHNOLOGY ,INDUSTRIES - Abstract
The article reports on advancements in technology utilized within U.S. industries after the Korean War. The author focuses on the impact automation and mechanization have had on programming within the field of management science. The automation process is applied to a linear programming model. The author uses the example of the petroleum industry to illustrate methods of maximizing profits within the programming model. Implications of mechanization for production control within the food and aircraft manufacturing industries are also discussed.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. AUTOMATIC MANAGEMENT: A FORECAST AND ITS EDUCATIONAL IMPLICATIONS.
- Author
-
Ackoff, Russell L.
- Subjects
MECHANIZATION ,AUTOMATION ,MANAGEMENT science ,INDUSTRIAL management ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,AUTOMATIC control systems ,MACHINERY ,TRAINING of executives ,OPERATIONS research ,REMOTE control ,DECISION making - Abstract
The article reports on the mechanization of management and management science in the U.S. The author focuses on the need for instrumentation of production as well as machine management in the wake of technological advances within the industry. The author encourages managers to implement technology including automatic computers, automatic turret lathes, and remote control devices. He discusses the importance of operations research, as well as timely decision making on the part of management, in order to speed up the automation process. Elements of management training are mentioned. A quotation from Phillip Murray, former president of the Congress of Industrial Organizations, is included. The implementation of the technological innovations is referred to as the Second Industrial Revolution.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. TOWARDS AN INTEGRATED FRAMEWORK OF DATA ANALYSIS.
- Author
-
Glaser, Ezra
- Subjects
INTERORGANIZATIONAL relations ,COMMUNICATION policy ,ORGANIZATIONAL sociology ,LANGUAGE planning ,BUREAUCRACY ,STANDARD language ,INDUSTRIAL management ,BUSINESS intelligence ,AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency - Abstract
The article proposes that the U.S. federal government, which is similar to any large organization, improve internal communications through the adoption of a variety of management techniques. The problem is that different departments, having different areas of responsibility, often meet challenges with an unfocused and compartmented response. The article discusses the issue of language and terminology, and proposes that agencies adopt a language that can be used to state the framework, measure the parameters (constants), analyze the interactions, and express the results. For example, the words "industrial organic chemicals" must mean precisely the same thing in every context. The advantages of an integrated framework of analysis are presented, including progress in automation.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. AUTOMATION: A STUDY OF LOCAL UNION LEADERS.
- Author
-
Deutsch, Steven
- Subjects
LABOR leaders ,AUTOMATION ,INDUSTRIAL revolution ,LABOR organizing ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,INDUSTRIAL equipment ,LABOR disputes ,INDUSTRIAL efficiency - Abstract
The article discusses the results of a study conducted on the responses of union leaders on automation in the U.S. According to a study, only eight percent of the Americans are threatened in their job by automation. Also, 51 percent believe that automation will result in higher unemployment while 38 percent believe that it will affect people with little education. In addition, 30 percent of union leaders agree that automation on machinery should only be implemented after approval from the workers and the union while seven percent support the right of the unions to hold strikes if companies propose to automate.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. THE FUTURE OF THE ATTEST FUNCTION.
- Author
-
Imke, Frank J.
- Subjects
ATTEST function (Auditing) ,AUDITING ,ACCOUNTING ,AUTOMATION ,SURVEYS ,ACCOUNTANTS ,AUDITORS ,FINANCIAL statements - Abstract
The article examines the future of the attest function in the public accounting profession in the United States. Despite the arrival of the era of automation in accounting, the demand for the attest function will remain. Computers do not eliminate the need for independent verification of data. In fact, there will be increased demand for the attest function as more financial and economic data become available. A survey of accountants revealed that majority believe there is a need for extension of the attest function.
- Published
- 1967
46. EVENTS & DISCOVERIES.
- Subjects
SPORTS ,OLYMPIC Games (16th : 1956 : Melbourne, Vic.) ,TRACK & field ,WATER polo - Abstract
This section offers news briefs on the U.S. sports scene in 1956. The U.S. track and field team won 16 gold medals at the Melbourne Olympics while the rest of the U.S. team excelled in sports that are popular in American colleges. The Hungarian water polo team won the Olympic gold medal with a 2-1 win over Yugoslavia. Former heavyweight boxing champion Rocky Marciano has been offered 400,000 U.S. dollars to fight heavyweight boxing champion Floyd Patterson.
- Published
- 1956
47. UNION LABOR: Less Militant, More Affluent.
- Subjects
LABOR unions ,LABOR movement ,COLLECTIVE labor agreements ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations - Abstract
The article focuses on the labor unions and movement in the U.S. in 1965 which is considered to be similar with capitalism. It mentions that labor unions have settled the agreement on wages and the steel settlement, and are working with vacations, pensions and job security. On the other hand, labor organizations have opposed technological innovations and automation due to the fear that the demand for employees for manual works will decrease.
- Published
- 1965
48. Actions of the State of California With Respect to Automation Employment.
- Author
-
Schorr, Irwin
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,ECONOMETRIC models ,EMPLOYMENT ,TECHNOLOGY & state ,MANUFACTURING process automation ,GOVERNMENT report writing - Abstract
The article discusses the effect of automation on employment in California. A commission entitled "State of California Commission on Manpower, Automation and Technology" was established in June 1963 to describe the problem of unemployment due to automation. A report submitted by the commission on December 31, 1964 summarizes action taken by the government to study the impact of automation on employment and presents priorities for the 1965 program. The Bureau of Labor Statistics has developed an econometric model of the state of California to predict level of employment in the state according to the Bureau of Labor classifications.
- Published
- 1965
49. Making do with the 'old'.
- Subjects
INDUSTRIAL surveys ,INDUSTRIAL equipment ,AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER integrated manufacturing systems ,WORLD War II - Abstract
The article reports on an industrial survey which focuses on productive facilities of the business enterprises of the U.S. as released by the McGraw-Hill Economics Department. It offers information on the boom in capital spending in the country. It was revealed that little change have been reported at the rate in which the industry is replacing its equipments. However, the industry is increasingly spending its money on automation after World War II.
- Published
- 1966
50. Next for computers: central control.
- Subjects
AUTOMATION ,COMPUTER industry ,PRODUCTION scheduling ,INVENTORY accounting ,INVENTORY control ,DATA transmission systems ,TELEPHONE lines - Abstract
The article discusses the next goal of computer industry which is to acquire centralized control of all stages of production in the U.S. It focuses on the progress of computer services which have broadened the scope of control from automated accounting to inventory control and production scheduling. Data Communication networks or systems are addressing the procedures for control links with manufacturing operations thus facilitate on the transmission of data through telephone lines.
- Published
- 1965
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