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Copyright of International Journal of Production Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Dr. Myers discusses the underlying psychological and physiological causes of accidents in the factory and on the road. He outlines the psychologist's approach to the problem of accident-reduction, and describes some of the methods hitherto followed, and the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Safety precautions have traditionally been orientated towards the removal or engineering control of potentially damaging energy, but the use of techniques for reducing non-culpable error is also potentially fruitful. These parallel approaches are here combined into a simple model from which is derived a conceptual outline to guide the selection of countermeasures. From this model a course of brutal study can be constructed in a manner suitable for incorporation into the curriculum at those who will be professionally concerned with the prevention of accidental injury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the study which determines the reliability and validity of a measure based from the number of accident behaviors and predicting injuries. The study conducted meetings with the first-line supervisors from a production-type jobs to collect performance specimens for unsafe and safe behavior. The study used dispensary records to identify the number of injuries sustained by an employee during the eight-month period. Results show that the majority of specimens are classified under attitude toward exposure to hazards.

The article discusses the role of accident-experience learning processes in the prevention of industrial accidents in the U.S. At the outset, the author has presented a study on the frequency rate of accidents among new employees. He likewise explained through a mathematical model, the industrial learning curve phenomena. A comparison between the decrease in accident incidence and the increase in productivity has also been discussed. In his conclusion, he encouraged the participation of workers in accident prevention programs.

The article discusses a rising number of workplace accidents in Germany and says much of the blame is owing to multiple, tiered, obsolete, and disunified organizations and groups that attend to safety and accident prevention measures. Safety measures in Russia and the U.S. are compared to those in Germany and found more unified.

The article discusses research being done the causes of accidents in foundries. It references to a study by H. A. Rowland published in the September 1925 issue of the journal "Safety Engineering." Some of the minor accidents occurring in malleable-iron foundries in 1924 include burns, bruises, lacerations, an eye injuries. Foundries that make heavier product would show a bigger percentage of accidents due to sprains. Among the equipment that can cause accidents in the foundry include drop hammers, grinding wheels, and cranes.

The article presents the compensation reports of workers in Massachusetts and South Dakota for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1922. In Massachusetts, there were 131,611 industrial injuries reported to the Department of Industrial Accidents. Out of the 51,105 tabulatable injuries reported, only 46,407 were insured cases, while 62 noninsured cases were identified out of the 306 fatal accidents. In South Dakota, the number of accidents reported during the year was 3,473, an increase of 191 over the previous year.

The article discusses an initiative by the U.S. Congress and U.S. President John Kennedy to have the Department of the Interior conduct a two year safety review of accident causes, health conditions, and safety measures in mining industries. In U.S. oil and gas industries accidents fell nearly 20% in 12 months.

The article discusses an event at which the French Ministry for Industry honored the chief safety enginneer at the steel firm SOLLAC with the bronze medal of merit of the National Safety Institute. Figures show a steady decline from 1953 to 1960 in the number of accidents per million worker hours from 66.2 to 14.3.

The article focuses on the report of the Finnish Central Statistical Bureau regarding industrial accidents in Finland in 1921. According to the statistics related to industrial accidents in the country, there were 13, 024 accidents of workers in 1921 which occurred insured business enterprises and in State employment. In private business enterprises, the number of accidents per 1,000 workers was 57.6, while the State's employ 15.9. A chart is presented that shows the distribution of industrial accidents in Finland in 1921.

The article reports on fatal industrial accidents in New York in May 1924. There were 130 accidents reported to the New York State Department of Labor in May 1924, according to a press release from the industrial commissioner of that State. Of these 127 happened to men and 3 to women. The ages of the persons who perished ranged from 16 to 82 years. The May record is the lowest since October 1923, with the exception of February 1924, in which 121 industrial fatalities were reported, when these tabulations were begun.

The article presents statistics and commentary on workplace casualties in France, which numbered 1,200,000 in 1964 and cost the lives of 2,200 people and more than two years of lost working days. A number of administrative and legal steps to reduce the incidence of such accidents and associated social costs are described.

The article discusses the content of the German Labor Department's third Accident Prevention Report, covering the year 1966. The document reported significant declines in both workplace and commuting accidents, as well as work-related illnesses. Associated insurance costs of work casualties are provided, as well as pertinent regulations in effect as of December 31, 1966.

The article presents statistics pertaining to the rate of accidents in the United States, specifically in the industrial sector. For the first quarter of 1961, the frequency of accidents appears to be at an all-time low, with the highest level of improvement seen in the lumber industry. The wire and cable industry showed a significant increase in industrial accidents from 1960.

The article discusses inadequate workplace safety in France, citing a 1969 statistic of ten job-related deaths per working day and an annual total of more than one million worker casualties at an estimated direct economic cost of five billion francs. Incentives are enumerated to improve workplace safety and to prevent industrial accidents, particularly through insurers' raising of casualty insurance premiums.