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The White Paper on Palestine, issued by the British Government in May 1939, adumbrated future British policy in Palestine at a time when all members of the Cabinet, including Chamberlain, had accepted the inevitability of war. Yet, while they were concerting measures for war on a global scale, the Middle Eastern theatre was of low military priority, and appeasement remained the order of the day, with the White Paper as its principal instrument. The White Paper severely restricted Jewish immigration into Palestine for the next five years and amde further, subsequent immigration dependent upon Arab consent. Britain also promised to set up an independent Palestinian State within the next ten years, if this should prove feasible.

Because of the complexity of operation of a paper machine, a simulation of operation would provide three avenues through which better startup and operation could be obtained: (1) engineering evaluation, (2) operator training, and (3) control-program evaluation. Prior to the startup of a new high-speed paper machine, a simulation of the stock system where the suspended fibers are formed into a sheet of paper was undertaken. Basic information on the steady-state and dynamic be havior of such a system was obtained on a highly instru mented paper machine having components similar to those of the new machine. The system was analyzed one component at a time to fit available theoretical equations with minor modifications. This allowed reasonable extrap olation and reassembly of the system to describe the new machine. An important factor in describing such a system was the transport lag in the pipelines. This facet of the simulation was accomplished with prewired Padé approximations of these lags. A second important characteristic in describing a paper machine in real time is the long time-constants involved in the rates of change. These may run as long as 10 minutes. A replica of the main control panels was constructed for use as a training aid for the operating crews of the new machine. The panels were programmed on the computer to respond to upsets and grade changes as part of an inten sive training program for the operators. Exploitation of the simulation system is still in progress. It is evident, however, that the smooth startup resulted from careful planning and effective operator training.

This paper is the first of a number of position papers for the workshop “Towards Criteria of Sustainability and Social Meaningfulness in Development“

In considering the mathematics program for elementary children, it is important for teachers to examine not only mathematical ideas but also the contexts within which such ideas are used. This usually means an examination of visual aids or tools of learning, since instruction in elementary grades depends upon the concrete to explain the abstract. With this in mind, one such tool that deserves special attention is graph, or squared, paper. Until one looks at the many possible uses of this visual aid, it may be taken for granted, and its applications remain sporadic and disconnected. This article is presented for the purpose of showing that graph paper is an educational device having few peers, especially from the points of view of economy, availability, and ease of use. An ordinary compilation of graph paper uses would be helpful to some degree, but what follows is a sequential development from the primary level through the upper elementary grades.

This subject-author index of over 500 papers is intended as a helpful reference tool for those who seek material on the writing, verbal presentation, and publication of technical information, and as a guide to people who have authored such material. Many of the papers listed - especially those given in local society meetings - have not been published. These were included bcause frustration is preferable to total ignorance. To track down an unpublished paper or an author when all else fails, contact the organization that sponsored the meeting at which the paper was given. This index is not necessarily 100% exhaustive; some titles may have been omitted, and some misclassified. Readers are invited to notify the Transactions on EWS of errors or omissions.

The chromatogram-comparison method has been extended to include the elements Li, Be, Ce, Ti, V, Mo, Th and U. The technique was simplified through the use of six drops of the original solution, two on each of the general solvent mixtures. The method was also made more accurate through the application of selected specific sprays.

The conversion of behavioral data recorded on film to paper tape is facilitated and enabled by a device described. The conversion consists of only one step. The time data is automatically read off the film by forward or backward replay at various speeds. Compared to previous devices, the number of different behavioral events which can be fed in is substantially expanded. Time overlapping or multiple occurring parallel behavioral events can be recorded as many as desired.

The porous-block system of stabilization processing Autopositive paper was introduced some eight years ago, and was superseded by small motor-driven machines using a two-bath immersion system. With the aim of increasing the processing rate and simplifying the processing machines so that very lightweight papers could be handled, experimental monobaths were evolved. These gave promising results, but the monobath was eventually abandoned in favour of a two-solution system with surface-application processing. With such a system a processing rate of lO ft/min has been achieved, using a high pH developer, and a stabilizer based on thiocyanate. The tendency for thiocyanate to attack the silver image on keeping the processed print has been overcome by the use of chemical inhibitors in conjunction with a surface-application processing technique. The design of the processing machine makes use of the natural curl of the wetted paper to prevent wrap around the rollers, very light-weight papers being handled w...

Summary The substance of this paper is derived from a specific inventory method, applied to a particular part of the world. It is, in fact, the technique presently used by the Province of Ontario in Canada. Although the presentation is specific in nature, many of the procedures and methods could be applied or modified to further the development of the forest resources of those countries having similar conditions or forest management requirements. The type of information required from the aerial photographs is specified by the inventory method , but the value of the information or the quality of photo interpretation depends upon the specific photography and the ability of the photo interpreter . Since these last three factors represent the major problems, they will be emphasized in this paper. And only the highlights of the inventory method will be covered.

In the Blood Plasma Corporation of Japan we have tested the blood group of 279, 841 blood samples in the past two years.ABO blood grouping performed on the paper is not only very efficient as a routine work in the blood bank, but also very reliable, as we are able to avoid clerical errors by this method.In addition, we easily detect the errors of the direct method performed on the donor history card or the errors of nurses at the time of blood collection by this indirect method, i. e. back grouping performed on the paper.

Performance of capacitors on accelerated life test may vary over a wide range depending upon the capacitor paper used. Indeed, at present a life test appears to be the only practical means for evaluating capacitor paper, since, within the limits observed in commercial material, the chemical and physical tests usually made do not correlate with life. Lack of correlation is ascribed to obscure physical factors which have not yet been identified. Generally, several weeks are required to evaluate a paper by life tests of the usual severity. Unfortunately, the duration of these tests is too long for quality control of paper. The desire for a life test which requires no more than a day or two for evaluation led to the development of a rapid dc test. The philosophy of rapid life testing is based upon the experimental evidence that the process of deterioration under selected temperature and voltage conditions is principally of a chemical nature, and also upon the well-known fact that rates of chemical reaction increase exponentially with temperature. Life tests on two-layer capacitors conducted at 130°C provide an acceleration in deterioration many fold more than that obtained in the lower-temperature life tests, and correlate well with these tests.

At the invitation of the Commonwealth Education Liaison Committee of the United Kingdom, Dr. Claude Gatewood and Dr. Ellsworth Obourn of the National Science Foundation and the United States Office of Education, respectively, prepared a major document describing science education in the United States for presentation at the Commonwealth Conference on the Teaching of Science in Schools. Their paper is a remarkably complete statement of the situation in the United States at the present time and as such it will be of great interest to students of science education throughout the world. The Editorial Advisory Board, in view of the unusual nature of the document and of the world-wide importance of the Ceylon Conference at which it was presented, has agreed to make it possible for this paper to be brought to the attention of science educators throughout the world. In this way, the Journal can help to fulfill one of the purposes for which it was established—that of promoting increased understanding of science education and, through this, the improvement of science teaching. Reprints will be available from the Editor, Journal of Research in Science Teaching, Department of Science Education, Florida Slate University, Tallahassee, Florida, at a cost of $0.50 per copy.

JL HE chemical industry is becoming more and more interested in having motion pictures made commercially for sales promotion purposes. It is only an evolutionary step, then, to the presentation of technical papers through this medium, for is not the chemist or engineer a salesman for his company and his special field of interest whenever he presents a technical paper? According to A. H. Emery, "The speaker is a salesman of ideas, a public relations representative for his employer, a policeman promoting his contributions to science." That motion pictures can be used to good advantage in the presentation of technical papers seems obvious, but the high cost of commercial film productions has so far been the biggest factor in prohibiting their general use. However, with present-day facilities for making good amateur motion pictures, the technical person can produce his own films for use in presentation of papers without too much expenditure. Film on Microthermal Analysis ...

The paper is of a purely introductory nature and is an attempt to provide a brief introduction to performing design calculations on a computer for engineers with no experience of computer techniques. The paper comments, with a brief description, on a typical computer installation (i.e. I.C.T. 1909); this is followed by a short discussion of problem systems analysis and flow diagramming then a short introductory discussion of the FORTRAN language. In view of the introductory nature of the paper the problems discussed are kept as simple as is compatible with the subject. It will be realized that more sophisticated approaches could be made to the problems but in order to maintain the paper at an introductory level as a guide to those engineers with no experience of using a digital computer, such solutions are deemed to be beyond the scope of the paper.

(1974). A Vacuum Table of Use in Paper Conservation. Bulletin of the American Institute for Conservation: Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 115-122.

This paper describes the development and application of an algorithm which generates non-linear representations of English text. The algorithm uses the results of a syntactic analysis system and a set of rules which prescribe linkages to generate a graph of a sentence. The shape of these graphs corresponds to the syntax of the sentence; the labels correspond to the vocabulary of the sentence and the edge types correspond to case grammar roles. The sentence graphs can then be interconnected at common nodes and analyzed according to common edges. Preliminary experimentation has yielded promising results. It appears that the algorithm produces a representation of English text which could be quite useful in automatic language processing.

WE have recently developed a simple method for quantitative assay of amino-acids on the paper partition chromatogram. The method is in all probability applicable to any class of substance which can be readily located by means of a sensitive colourreaction on paper. Several technical points of general interest have arisen in the course of the work.

This article analyzes the characteristics of the multiple-image technique of audiovisual communication and emphasizes its advantages over the more usual sequential presentation of supporting visual images. The features of the multiple-image technique are assessed and the production techniques peculiar to the method are examined. Audience reaction to this type of presentation is then considered. Evidence is presented to support the premise that this technique offers exciting potential for the presentation of technical papers, an area of communication which has received little attention for much too long a time.

Comprehensive failure analysis methods are currently available to electronic designers, extending to the use of computers to estimate the probability of failures. The mechanical designer has few such tools at his disposal. The paper presents two practical methods of reviewing a mechanical design to improve its reliability. The first is a potential fault analysis, which considers each component and its relation to the function of the whole. The use of this analysis as a project control method is also shown. The second method is a systematic design review method, which aims to consider every aspect and function of a design and its components, to ensure that no factor has been overlooked. The application of these methods is discussed.

This paper considers the problem of controlling vehicles in a rapid transit system using an on-line digital computer. Vehicle speeds and spacings are obtained periodically and are used by the control computer to calculate the required driving or braking forces for the next time period. A largely non-mathematical description is given of multivariable control methods which allow rapid transit schemes to operate efficiently for any number of vehicles with maximum capacity consistent with safety requirements and comfort. Difficulties which arise because of uncertainties in data in practical cases due to measurement errors, interference, or malfunction are alleviated by the control method and produce no significant deterioration in system performance. Consideration is given to non-linearities, merging, starting, etc., which are inherent in any overall scheme. Practicality is borne in mind throughout the description.

adds the component of affordable, local access to information via data banks and communications networks, access that can aid student learning and personal productivity. The trick for campuses in coming years, then, will be to integrate computing into the curriculum in ways that recognize all three dimensions and their interdependence, especially when it comes to the support of instruction and student learning.

A procedure based on an analysis algorithm and practical rules is described for the design of waveguide multiplexer. Simple rules, which enable the designer to quickly find a near-optimum solution in a small number of iteration steps, are given. An example of a 6-channel communications multiplexer, which utilizes narrow-bandpass elliptic function waveguide filters, is also included.

The effective operation of free enterprise in creating the envisioned information service industry is dependent on three accomplishments: 1. The restructuring of our information processing industry to provide a clear separation among costs for computing, communications, and the development of information services. 2. The wide use of multi-access system concepts so that information services may share in the use of computer installations, and so their cost of construction is reasonable. 3. The development of public, message-switched communications services with adaquate provisions for information security.

The fuel-handling equipment for the Dragon reactor experiment has presented some unusual engineering problems because its design was completed in advance of that for any similar equipment on other reactors using helium as coolant. The adoption of an in-built charge/discharge machine has facilitated access to the core for removal and replacement of numerous fuel element designs during off-load refuelling periods. The general scheme for fuel changing is outlined and reasons are given for special measures specified initially with the aim of ensuring functional uniformity combined with maximum reliability. The charge/discharge machine is described in some detail as one of the unique features in the fuel cycle system. Component development testing is mentioned and a report is given of operational experience with the equipment over a period of four years.

The question of the supposed isostatic adjustment of the earth's crust to increase or decrease of load has recently come prominently to the fore in connexion with the Wegener hypothesis and Joly's theory of geological transgression and revolution. The principle itself is fairly well established by several independent lines of evidence, but there is room for clearer thinking as to the mechanism attending its operation. Very varied opinions are for instance held as to therapidity and completeness of the adjustment, and unjustifiable assumptions are made with regard to the displacement of magma beneath depressed areas. It is very necessary to keep an open mind on these questions and to search the available evidence for means of defining the nature of the attendant sub-crustal movements.

テレビの1フレーム, すなわち1/30sec間の画像を, ドライシルバー紙と光学ファイバー受像管 (FFT) を使って記録することができた.使用したドライシルバー紙の感度不足を補うためにFFTの螢光体にZnCdS : Cu, Alを用いてFFTの分光特性をドライシルバー紙の分光感度に合わせ, ドライシルバー紙の写真特性を測定してFFTの輝度に適した高速記録可能な現像条件 (現像温度128±2℃, 現像時間5±0.4sec) を実験から求めた.ここでは, ドライシルバー紙の写真特性を中心に検討を行ない, FFTの記録特性, 試作した熱現像装置の現像特性, および温度制御回路について述べる.

At the request of Major A. W. Baird, R. E., I herewith forward for presentation to the Royal Society, a report which he has prepared on the Tidal Disturbances caused by the now famous volcanic eruptions which occurred on the 27th and 28th August last year, in the Island of Krakatoa and the Straits of Sunda, between Sumatra and Java. For some years past it has been Major Baird’s special duty, as an officer if the Great Trigonometrical Survey of India, to supervise the sperations for the investigation of tidal phenomena which have been tarried on under the orders of the Government at a number of points an the Indian coast lines from Kurrachee round to Moulmein, and also at Aden. A tidal observatory, containing a self-registering tide- gauge, and all the necessary meteorological instruments, has been established at each of these points; every observatory has a man in charge who tends the instruments, sets the diagrams to true time as received telegraphically from Madras, and submits daily reports to Major Baird. After the occurrence of the eruptions at Krakatoa, Major Baird made a careful examination of the diagrams at the whole of his tidal stations, seventeen in number, and at twelve of them he found more or less distinct evidence of tidal disturbance. In the accompanying report he sets forth this evidence, and gives such further facts as he has been able to collect from information supplied by eye-witnesses of the disturbances on the coasts of Ceylon and at other localities where as yet tidal stations have not been established. He also gives the magnitudes of the “supertidal” waves and the intervals between them; shows by calculation the probable time of the great eruption at Krakatoa; and then deduces the velocities of the waves which reached each station. He furnishes copies, on a much reduced scale, of the original diagrams of the tidal registrations of the 27th and 28th August which were made at each of his own stations; and he also gives a chart of a portion of the Indian Ocean which he has prepared to illustrate the course of the first great supertidal wave.

A comparison between the models of scientific communication and mass communication is made in terms of the basic components in the communication processes. Differences between the two models are emphasized so that the sources of ineffective communication can be identified. Several suggestions are made to bridge the communication gaps between science, technology, and the public.