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The article presents information on the influences of precursive sequences on the perception of synthesized vowels. The importance of duration as a cue in the recognition of synthetic vowels has recently been investigated. It was found that the duration of a vowel sound does affect its identity as perceived by English listeners, especially if the vowel is located near the center of the F1-F2 space where it may easily be confused with one of its neighbors if judgment is based on spectral information alone. It has been confirmed that the frequency of the rhythm of a precursive sequence of sounds can influence the perceived identity of vowel sounds.

This experiment, in which experienced typists, typed an unfamiliar word over and over again on a steadily moving strip, showed that there were marked individual differences in the rhythmical 'patterns adopted, and that in general it was the quickest typists who showed the most marked tendency to rhythmization. There seems to be an extensive scope for the practical application of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an experimental study of the location of rhythmic stress beats in English. The responses and response latencies (reaction times) relative to the audible click were recorded automatically by the computer and stored for later processing. The ballistic pulses of stressed syllables are probably the fundamental events around which the speaker organizes the rhythm of his speech. The listener then perceives these rhythmic beats, and thereby decodes the rhythmic structure, either directly from the acoustic cues of amplitude and spectral change or indirectly from kinesthetic-like feelings about the internally generated signals by means of which he perceives the speech.

Discusses sequential temporal patterns and cognitive processes in speech. Structure of the successive speech and silence durations in spontaneous speech; Analysis of cognitive rhythm; Capability of the spontaneous speech in exhibiting a rhythmic structure.

The twenty lowest functioning children in a normal kindergarten class were divided into an experimental and a control group. The experimental group was given a systematic rhythmic and sensory motor activity program based on nine movement areas of Barsch's Movegenic theory and on suggestions from Kephart. Significant mean gains were made by the experimental group in the expected areas of remediation, thus demonstrating the efficacy of such a program in a group setting within a regular public school kindergarten and suggesting the use of these methods in the amelioration of certain types of learning disabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this study was to develop an objective quantitative method for representing the temporal organization of sleep in terms of the period and rhythmicity of REM sleep occurrences. Data on normative human sleep, already scored for stage REM and not stage REM, were subjected to a "binary autocorrelation." The mean period over 92 nights of sleep for 10 Ss was 101.5 rain and quite stable. Data is also presented on variability of the rhythm in terms of an "index of rhythmicity." Measures of temporal organization may prove to be as significant for sleep research as amount of the various sleep stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In continued darkness following a standard pretreatment of 12 hours light and 12 hours dark, the stomata of Tradescantia virginiana did not reveal a truly repeating rhythm, but only a single opening cycle which matched the opening phase of the rhythm in light. An investigation of the phase response of this dark opening cycle to light and dark treatments revealed that the phase of the dark opening cycle could be manipulated as follows. When light commenced during that phase characteristic of darkness in nature, the dark opening cycle showed phase-shift, but little or no phase-shift occurred when light commenced during that phase characteristic of light in nature. The fact that the rhythms can be manipulated in this manner may indicate the plant's ability to adapt to different day lengths. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the application of music to the mentally retarded children. Development of a rhythm such as clapping hands to a march with strong rhythmic accent in a music class can help the child to be confident. A make-believe game with musical accompaniment arouses a child's imagination. Introducing singing as part of a game can help children learn how to use their singing voices.

Previous studies have shown large variations in basal heart rate (HR) in individuals over occasions. To examine long-term variability, one individual's HR was recorded daily for one year. Besides changes due to ambient temperature and periods of illness, obvious regular variations corresponded to day of week. Weekends and Mondays differed from the other four weekdays: HR was high on Saturdays and Mondays, and reached a nadir on Sundays. These fluctuations probably reflect the cultural pattern of activity over the week, rather than representing an intrinsic circaseptan rhythm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]