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The article lists publications on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland. They include, "Population in the Past: Family Reconstruction by Computer," by R.S. Schofield, "The History of the Dutch Slave Trade: a bibliographical Survey," by P.C. Emmer, "Sixteenth-century fiscal sources for the social and economic history of the Flemish countryside," by N. Maddens, and "The socialist trade unions after the First World War (1919-21)," by M. Nauwelaerts.

The article lists publications on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland. They include "Wells Cathedral Chapter Act Book, 1666-83," edited by D.S. Bailey, "The Inhabitants of Cardington in 1782," edited by D. Baker, "Milk to Market: Forty Years of Milk Marketing," by S. Baker, "Origins of English Feudalism," by R.A. Brown, "The Farmers of Old England," by E. Kerridge.

This article presents the topic of social security systems in Ireland, Denmark and Great Britain. The goals of the social security systems are described, including affording protection to the entire population against the important risks in life. The populations are also supported predominantly by disbursement of public funds.

Traditional theories of international trade have explained the existence and composition of trade between countries in terms of international differences in production functions and factor endowments. More recently, increasing attention has been paid to other influences, which lie at the fringe of the traditional theory. These include the specific character of factors such as natural resources, the influence of tariffs and other restrictions on trade, and differences in size of country. Empirical studies of the composition of international trade have tended to test hypotheses about only a single one of these determinants. Yet it seems unlikely that they are mutually exclusive; one should expect several different influences simultaneously to play a part in shaping any given flow of trade. Accordingly, authors have carried out an analysis of a particular trade flow to try to assess their relative empirical importance. The specific trade flow with which authors are concerned is that between Ireland and Great Britain. The hypothesis states that the commodity composition of trade between two countries is determined exclusively by international differences in comparative labour productivities.

This article examines the work which has been done for Irish Catholic emigrants and how far that work in its ultimate development can be expected to play a successful part in fulfilling the church's requirements in relation to emigrants so far as Ireland is concerned. Ireland's population which totalled 8,175,00 in 1747 and 6,522,000 in 1841 had fallen to 4,229,000 in 1926. The pattern of overseas emigration from Ireland since 1925 has been broadly similar but the preponderance of emigration to the U.S. has lessened. In consequence the Irish immigrant though instinctively actuated by Catholic principles is unprepared to combat the insidious arguments against Christian teaching which one will inevitably meet in a new environment. There is in Great Britain no language problem to hinder absorption of the emigrant into the receiving community and indeed the pattern of material life in the two countries is also somewhat similar, further aid towards ready absorption. The Catholic Social Welfare Bureau for Irish Emigrants uses its influence to secure improvements affecting the welfare of groups of emigrants and of the generality of emigrants but is has throughout its existence regarded its real mission as being to the individual emigrant and the main body of its work is conducted on the basis of individual care of the welfare of each emigrant. Limitations of the service given to emigrants are that financial assistance is not given and that the bureau does not engage in recruitment for employment.

The article presents two surveys, made by the author, of Jewish students in Great Britain from 1936 till the eve of the War. The first survey made during the academic year 1936-7 covered nineteen Universities in Great Britain and Ireland. The second survey, which investigated certain details omitted by the former, covered eleven universities in Great Britain during 1938-9. The proportion of Jewish students receiving assistance in relation to non-Jewish varied from university to university. Owing to the proportion of students from abroad who were unendowed, the percentage of Jewish students with scholarships or grants was lower than among non-Jewish students. The numbers of Jewish students reading economics at the universities was investigated in greater detail by the second survey. Other profession usually associated with medicine as a favored choice of Jewish students, the law, is not to be compared with it in popularity. Law and teaching are the two professions, which deserve singling out by reason of their numerical importance and they probably did not attract more than one quarter of the Jewish graduates.

The article focuses on Irish migration from Great Britain. Although there is no complete record of the movement between Ireland and Great Britain, it is possible within limits to deduce from certain official figures the number of Irish who enter Great Britain each year. The statistics available for this purpose refer separately to the Irish Free State and Northern Ireland. An official record is taken of all those who pass directly between the Free State and places outside the British Isles. The Department of Industry and Commerce in Dublin, Ireland compiles four distinct figures each year. These enumerate the inward and outward passengers directly between the Free State and countries outside Europe, as well as the inward and outward passengers directly between the Free State and Europe.

The article presents an examination of English Prime Minister William Pitt's resignation from the office in 1801. The author suggests that resignation was the only option available to Pitt due to the unfavorable reception of his decisions in the wake of the Union with Ireland in 1800. The article examines Pitt's relationship with King George III, it discusses the events leading up the Act of Union 1800 and it explores the implications and results of Pitt's decision to institute Catholic emancipation.

The article discusses international migration statistics. It cites the recent changes in Africa. The area of Uganda is comparable in size to that of Great Britain and Northern Ireland. In fact, the area of the country covers 239,640 square kms, whereas that of Great Britain with Northern Ireland covers 244,030 square kms. But contrary to Great Britain, Uganda has no access to the sea as the territories of Tanzania and Kenya lie in between. The capital city, Kampala, is over 800 miles from Mombassa, the seaport of Kenya. To compensate the country for this lack, nature has endowed Uganda with innumerable rivers and a large share of the waters of the great Lake Victoria, together with Kenya and Tanzania. The country has reserved for itself, however, the pride of starting off the river Nile on its 3,800 mile long journey to the Mediterranean Sea. About 1/6 of the whole area of Uganda is thus composed of open water and swamp. Like other African countries, Uganda needs skilled manpower and this is becoming more and more pressing as programs for economic development are prepared. At present, there are some 15,000 skilled workers of technical, industrial, commercial and administrative branches: of these the Europeans are only 5,000 and the Asians about 10,000.

The article presents a study on the distribution of British liverworts. The study used data from the Census Catalogues on mosses and hepatics and published by the British Bryological Society. Association-analysis was using a computer was done to examine patterns in the distribution of plants in one hundred fifty-two vice counties in Great Britain and Ireland. The study provides comparisons of the distribution of plants in several areas in Great Britain. An overview of the results on the results of the association-analysis is presented.

The article offers information on the study of Erica Mackaiana, a biological flora found on the isles in Great Britain. The flora is distinguished by a number of constant structural characteristics, and is known to exist in Spain as its principal habitat, and in the western part of Ireland. Further studies on the plant revealed that E. Mackaiana do not belong to the variety of E. tetralix. It is mentioned that E. mackaiana shoots very readily from its underground stems, and is tolerant to grazing and burning.

The article offers information on the studies in slat-marsh ecology in different parts of Europe including in the British Isles, East Coast, South Coast, West Coast and Irish Marsh. It is revealed that succession on the marshes occurred. A study of succession to be observed on the salt marshes of Norfolk and the British Isles leads to several conclusions. It is mentioned that the succession is not a simple phenomena, that the east coast being the most complex. The general vegetation of the four seres of the British Isles is controlled by the character of soil, by clay composition, soft silt, as well as marine pit.

The Coffey still is an apparatus for distilling concentrated alcohol from dilute aqueous solutions; the process, which is continuous, is employed for the production of spirit on the large scale. Patented in 1830, the Coffey still has been one of the most enduringly successful inventions of an age of invention and stands unrivalled today as the most efficient apparatus for the purpose for which it was devised. One striking development has been the increase in size of the still: the largest stills built by Aeneas Coffey, the inventor, had a capacity of 3000 gallons of wash per hour: at the present time distillers are using giant Coffey stills with a capacity seven times that amount. Coffey made his first stills for distillers in Ireland: in 1833 there were at least seven in use there, but he shortly afterwards transferred his manufactory to London in order to supply the potentially wider market that existed in Great Britain. He had seen for himself, when on a tour as Inspector-General in 1820 and 1821, how the distilling industry differed in the three countries of Great Britain. Ironically enough, the firm of Coffey does not appear to have shared in the prevailing prosperity, but rather to have entered on a period of decline. An account book has survived from this period, covering the years 1856 to 1861.

This section presents a list of publications on the economic and social history of Great Britain and Ireland, published in 1971. Some of the publications listed are: "The Hardwick Hall Inventories of 1601," edited by L. Boynton; "Bridgwater Borough Archives," edited by R.W. Dunning and T.D. Tremlett; "Collected Writings of J.M. Keynes," edited by E. Johnson; "The Acts of William I, King of Scots: 1165-1214," edited by G.W.S. Barrow; "A Calendar of the Talbot Papers in the College of Arms," edited by G.R. Batho; "The Journal of Giles Moore," edited by R. Bird; "The Register of Winwick Parish Church," edited by R. Dickinson; "The Register of Edmund Lacy, Bishop of Exeter: 1420-1455," edited by G.R. Dunstan; "Marriage Allegations in the Diocese of Gloucester," vol. 2, "1681-1700," edited by B. Frith; "Accounts of the Treasurer of Scotland: XII, 1566-1574," edited by C.T. McInnes; "The Dorset Lay Subsidy Roll of 1332," edited by A.D. Mills; and "Minute Book of the Men's Meeting of the Society of Friends in Bristol: 1661-1686," edited by R. Mortimer.

The article presents a list of publications on the economic history of Great Britain and Ireland. Some of the publications are "The Suffolk Committee for Scandalous Ministers: 1644-1646," edited by C. Holmes, "The London Eyre of 1244," edited by H.M. Chew and M. Weinbaum, "Recusant Rolls: 1594-95 and 1595-96," edited by H. Bowler, "The Letter Books of Samuel Wilberforce: 1843-68," edited by P.K. Hugh, and others.

This article presents a list of publications on the economic history of Great Britain and Ireland. Some of the books listed are "The Jamestown Voyages Under the First Charter, 1606-1609," by P.L. Barbour; "Records of the Trial of Walter Langeton, Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield," by A. Beardwood; "Two Estate Surveys of the Fitzalan Earls of Arundel," by M. Clough; "The Letters of Sir Francis Hastin," by C. Cross; "The Devonshire Lay Subsidy of 1332," by A.M. Erskine and "The Justiciary Records of Argyll and the Isles: 1664-17," by J. Imrie.

Presents a list of publications on the economic history of Great Britain and Ireland. "Liverpool Registry of Merchant Ships," by R. Craig and R. Jarvis; "The Correspondence of Sir James Clavering," by edited by H.T. Dickinson; "Willoughby Letters of the First Half of the Sixteenth Century," edited by M. A. Welch.

This article discusses the resistance of the British manufacturing sector to the commercial clauses of the Irish Act of Union affecting wool during the 18th century. The repeal of Poynings' Law in 1782 and the Renunciation Act of 1783 left the nature of Anglo-Irish political and commercial ties too loosely defined in the eyes of many politicians in England, if not in Ireland. British Prime Minister William Pitt's commercial propositions of 1785 were planned as a means of ensuring an Irish contribution to imperial defense in return for Anglo-Irish free trade. These propositions foundered on the vocal and well-organized opposition of British manufacturing interests, acting as a co-ordinated pressure group. Fear both of Irish competition and of an unequal distribution of fiscal burdens stimulated the opponents of Pitt's propositions, and after being modified so severely as to arouse the opposition of the Irish in their turn, the scheme was abandoned. Except for a few minor changes, such as the relaxation in 1793 of the Navigation Acts affecting Ireland, no substantial review of Anglo-Irish commercial relations was attempted until late in 1798, when, following several years of unrest and threatened invasion in Ireland, Pitt's ministry decided to promote an Anglo-Irish legislative union. Although the British Parliament approved the principle of union by large majorities in January 1799, at the same time the Irish House of Commons narrowly rejected it.

The article provides some insights into the provisions of the Irish Land Purchase Act of 1903 which was designed to abolish dual ownership and resolve problems relevant to the agrarian system and agricultural reform. The law was formulated in an agricultural system affected by a series of confiscations, the emergence of a cottier system and the growth of population and expansion of Great Britai due to the great series of inventions in the period 1760 to 1785. Prior to the passage of the law, various compensation bills introduced by both Conservative and Liberal governments had failed to pass, with prevailing famine and political and social unrest. .

The article evaluates the report of the "Commission on Emigration and other Population Problems," appointed in April 1948. Its report provides an exhaustive statistical review of Irish demographic history from the Great Famine to the Census of 1951. The Commission concludes that the "two great population problems" of the Irish Republic are the low marriage rate and emigration. The Commission believe that the low marriage rate contributes to "discontent, unsettlement and emigration," and that it may arrest the development of the "community's sense of responsibility," reduce the need "for the qualities of hard work and enterprise" and exercise a "profound adverse effect on the psychology of the people." In sum, there must be "something gravely wrong in a community where there is such a widespread frustration of a natural expectation." The Commission believes, however, that the economic causes are the most important: namely, low productivity and income in agriculture and "underdevelopment" of other productive resources. In these circumstances, the desire for a material standard of living may only be realized here by postponing or avoiding marriage. The cure for the poor marriage pattern, like the cure for emigration, is economic development.

Presents information related to several articles related to economics. Information related to Anglo-Portuguese trade from 1700-1770; Tea trade in Great Britain from 1784-1793; Factory discipline in the industrial revolution; Marriage and population growth in Ireland from 1750-1845.

The article focuses on the investigation in the psychiatric education of the Royal Medico-Psychological Association in Great Britain. The Education Committee had created a questionnaire on postgraduate teaching which was disseminated to every psychiatric or teaching hospitals in Great Britain and Ireland to find out if they are qualified for the Diploma in Psychological Medicine. The requirements for recognition include the presence of a clinical tutor, training in psychotherapy and subnormality, a journal club or assistance from the Regional Hospital Board. Facilities offered by the psychiatric units in non-teaching hospitals were similar but only 40 percent has psychologist on their staff while teaching hospitals had provided better facilities than psychiatric hospitals.

Discusses the parliamentary practices adopted by Irish political party, Fourth Party. Parliamentary situation in 1880; Strategical methods of the party; Category of invective and abuse employed by the Fourth Party.

The article focuses on Henry George's analysis of the social conditions in Great Britain. The discussion must be introduced by a brief outline of the manner in which the American social philosopher was drawn into the maelstrom of British reform. The work "Progress and Poverty" had stated the social problem from a worldwide point of view. For a first hand knowledge of conditions in society he had, of course, leaned heavily on his experiences and observations in the United States; what he had to say about the rest of the world was drawn from secondary sources. But clearly George was from the beginning interested not merely in carrying his message to the British Isles through the circulation there of his book, but in using Great Britain as a proving ground for his theories. The magnet that drew George Britain-ward was the current revolt of the Irish peasants. The pull of the British situation was evident in Progress and Poverty itself; for George declared that while writing the chapter "Inferences from Facts" he had been "looking over the literature of Irish misery.

The article presents a report on Henry George's Remedies for Britain's Land Problems. When Henry George sailed for Great Britain in 1881, no one could have prophesied the far reaching consequences of his act. Within two yean both he and his book "Progress and Poverty," were to become household words in Great Britain. It is also true that George's arrest by the Irish constabulary in August, 1882, while he was observing conditions in the west of Ireland, and the questions subsequently asked in the House of Commons about this affair, gave him a publicity far beyond the effect of his book or speeches at this date. In his speeches George presented two main points: The social and economic condition of the British working man, and the remedy for his ills. In defining George's message to the British the author may leave out of consideration for the present the first of these points. Most British papers acknowledged the plight of the working man in the Eighteen Eighties; what George contributed in this respect was a description of conditions in unusually specific and moving terms.

The article discusses the developments of the speech curricula in different foreign universities including Switzerland, Austria, Germany, England and Ireland. Speech programs in Germany has seen little changes from 1957 to 1962, with no additions nor deletions in the curricula. In Switzerland, no speech class was established but scattered courses in phonetics and oral interpretation. The University of Vienna in Austria offers an excellent curriculum in speech especially in theater offering Dissertation Seminar in the Dramatic Satire from Nestory to Ionesco, A Film Seminar and the Muse Possibility of Folk Drama Production. In England and Ireland, speech training is included in their extramural programs specifically in debate and oratory such as the universities.

This article provides information on the formation of the British Population Society in Great Britain in 1931. The purpose of the British Population Society is to develop in Great Britain and Northern Ireland scientific studies pertaining to the problems of population, both by supporting research and by supporting research and promoting the promoting the co-ordination of work by allied bodies.

The article discusses the public finances of Ireland. Seventeen years ago, the Financial Relations Commission reported that Ireland must be considered a separate entity for purposes of taxation, that its contribution to the revenue of Great Britain should be proportional to its taxable capacity, and that since the amalgamation of the Exchequers in 1817, Ireland had paid more than it ought. Ireland today pays one sixteenth of the tax-revenue of Great Britain, while on the basis accepted by the Commission, its taxable capacity is below one-twenty-fifth. And in spite of this, Ireland at present, instead of contributing a surplus to Imperial expenditure, now shows a deficit estimated at a million and a quarter. A new taxation, or at least a readjustment suitable to Ireland's economic position, is possible and desirable. Over half a million could be obtained by a tax of a shilling an acre on grazing land. The British taxpayer would certainly continue to contribute to Irish expenditure if the relations between the two countries remained as they were; during ninety years Ireland contributed far more than her share to Imperial expenditure.

The article discusses the January 1973 expansion of the European Economic Community (EEC) membership from six to nine nations with the admission of England, Denmark, and Ireland. Great Britain is singled out for its peaceful uses of atomic energy and deployment of computer and scientific technology. All three countries are said to lend democratic and economic stability to the EEC.

The article presents information on the entry for Burden Research Medal and Prize which is open to all registered medical practitioners who are working in the field of mental subnormality in Great Britain or Republic of Ireland. The award for 1974, total value 250 pound, may be presented at Stoke Park Hospital on or about the April, 1974, for outstanding research work which has been published, accepted for publication or presented as a paper to a learned society during the three-year period ending on December 31, 1973.

This article focuses on militancy among the British coalminers during 1890-1914. The formation of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain in 1889 marked the opening of a new phase of militancy among the British coalminers. After the collapse of the Miners' Association of Great Britain and Ireland in the 1840's the policy of the miners' unions became increasingly dominated by Alexander Macdonald and the Miners' National Union formed in 1863. The Miners' National Union placed considerable emphasis on securing an adequate standard of living by means of legislative regulation of conditions of work. It also favored conciliation as a means of determining wages. It was dissatisfaction with the results of these policies which led to the growth of militancy, particularly in the central coalfields. Between 1888 and 1890, a period of growing demand and rising prices, wage rates were, increased by 40 per cent. Half of this increase was obtained before the formation of the Miners' Federation of Great Britain but the coalfields which led the wage movement were also prominent in the formation of the Federation and the same policy was pursued until 1890.

The article provides information on the findings of an annual report by the European Commission on the poor social situation of the community in Great Britain and Ireland in 1973. On the basis of 1971 figures, unemployment in the UK at 2.9 percent was surpassed only by Ireland (6 percent) and Italy (3.2 percent), compared with Germany's 0.7 percent and France's 2.2 percent. With 595 work days lost per 1,000 workers, Britain was second only to Italy (998), and compares unfavourably with France (280), Germany (203), the Netherlands (25) and Denmark (11). The report shows that throughout the original six-nation Community unemployment rose slightly from 1.4 million in 1971 to 1.6 million in 1972, although an estimated 750 000 unfilled vacancies continued to exist. The reformed Social Fund will, according to the report, give a more rapid and practical response to urgent employment problems and should assist some 70,000 workers in 1973.

This article presents a list of various articles related to money and banking, written by various researchers, published in different journals as of September 1944. The article titled "Clearing Banks and the Revision of the Companies Act," was published in the May 1944 issue of the journal "Banker's Magazine." The article titled "Some Thoughts on Post-War Banking," by L.D. Edie was published in the May 1944 issue of the "Banking Law Journal." The article titled "Seasonal Variation in the Volume of Bills Discounted," was published in the April 1944 issue of the journal "Econometrica." The article titled "Indian Currency-Past, Present and Future," by D.K. Malhotra, was published in the January 1944 issue of the "Indian Journal of Economics." The article titled "The Progress of Banking in Great Britain and Ireland during 1943," was published in the June 1944 issue of the journal "Banker's Magazine." Some of the other topics discussed in these articles are slowing down of credit expansion and duties of a banker.

The article focuses on the book entitled "Organisation and Administration of Social Welfare Programmes: A series of country studies. The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland." It presents the review of social welfare services in Great Britain that was prepared under government auspices as one of an international series sponsored by the Department of Economic and Social Affairs of the United Nations. It was thus intended primarily for consumption abroad. Part of its interest for readers in this country may lie in what it reveals of the way in which our social policies and services are presented to the outside world, but it also performs a useful function for home consumption in its exploration of the nature of the relationship between social policies and their cultural context. Within its comparatively brief length the study attempts to identify the cultural determinants of social policy in Britain, to outline the provisions made through the major social welfare programs and to describe the relevant organizational structures and administrative procedures. Much of this it achieves with lucidity at a level, which, avoiding mere description, can provide the basis for discussion at home or comparative analyses abroad.

This article examines the rate of emigration of doctors from Great Britain and Ireland. It may be stated with a fair degree of certainty that in 1965, the loss of doctors from Great Britain by emigration of those born and trained in Great Britain exceeded one-third of the output of the British-born graduates from the medical schools in that year. Large-scale medical emigration has been a significant aspect of British medicine for over 10 years, and is now a major factor contributing to the dwindling supply of fully trained medical manpower in Britain.