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The article offers news briefs in 1891. Samuel Plimsoll, known in England as the sailor's friend, has arrived in the U.S. to look into the business of transporting live cattle across the Atlantic. Central African chief and slave dealer Tippoo Tib has been affected with paralysis and is in critical condition. The Republic of Argentina has decided to stop the issuing of paper money.

In this paper a number of microeconomic models are developed to provide a theoretical framework on which an econometric model of the Argentine cattle sector could be based. The central theme is simple. Cattle are considered to be capital goods which are held by producers as long as their capital value in production exceeds their slaughter value. In essence, producers become portfolio managers seeking the optimal combination of different categories of animals to complement their non-cattle assets, given existing conditions and future expectations. The models developed show clearly the differential impact of parameter changes upon the capital values of animals of different age and sex and indicate that the equations explaining slaughter and average slaughter weight in an econometric model should be disaggregated by animal categories to obtain a meaningful explanation of producers' responses. Such an econometric model was developed and estimated for the Argentine cattle sector for the years 1937-67. The econometric model does a very good job, judging by conventional statistical tests, of explaining the operation and past behavior of the Argentine cattle sector; and the results comply closely with the previously developed microtheory. There is considerable historical interest in the functioning of the Argentine cattle sector, long a prototype of large-scale traditional ranching in Latin America and the source of a significant proportion of world beef exports (nearly 20 percent during the 1960s). This interest has become more sharply focused in recent years because of the stagnation of Argentine agricultural production and the consequent desire in Argentina to formulate an improved governmental policy toward agriculture.[1] Among the factors alleged to be a cause of stagnation is a lack of response by agricultural producers to economic incentives, particularly to price changes. Several efforts were made during the 1960s to test empirically the price responsi... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a theory of cultural marginality is used in examining the role behavior of American business executives in an Argentine community. The data presented verify the hypothesis that although these executives are accepted in their limited roles as workers and guests within the country, they are marginal in that they are not accepted as people willing to share in its culture. The findings suggest that contrary to the charges of some critics, these executives are clearly not manipulating the power structure of the host community, even though a sizable proportion of adults in Argentine City believe that they are. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an announcement regarding the Twentieth Congress of the International Institute of Sociology to be held from September 12-18, 1962, at Corboda in Argentina. The decision to hold this international meeting was taken on account of the interest the Latin American countries present from the point of view of sociological studies. The bureau decided that the subjects should centre round a single theme, the "Sociology of Societies in the Process of Industrial Development," a subject designed to give all sociologists an opportunity to make their own contribution either to theoretical or to practical research. Virtually all aspects of sociology are covered, so that experts specializing in different branches can report on their own fields. Applications for enrollment should be made on the form attached to the information pamphlet and sent to the committee as soon as possible. Papers must deal with purely sociological subjects, and they must be not more than 20 pages in length, typewritten, with double spacing. Papers must be drafted in English, French, German, Italian or Spanish, and must have a summary in French attached with them.

THIS paper started out as a paper on the role of agriculture in the economic development of the Argentine. In effect, this is still what it is. But it is more, for to discuss the role of agriculture one needs to understand the nature of the development process of the economy as a whole. In seeking this broader understanding we have, to our minds, resolved the apparent paradox of inflation coupled with stagnation and heavy unemployment that has characterised the recent history of the Argentine economy. In doing so, we believe that we reveal previous diagnoses and policy prescriptions to have been grounded in fallacy. We have tried to build a model in which the strategic assumptions covering the choice of relevant variables and their magnitudes reflect the realities of the Argentinian situation. This we set out in Section II. In Sections III and IV we set the model to work introducing some additional assumptions, in particular as to government policies and money wage changes. Section V contains a commentary on the devaluations of 1958 and 1962 analysed in the light of the model. Our analysis has policy implications, which we discuss in Section VI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper endeavors to move one step nearer to a general theory of absenteeism and labor turnover by uniting and extending two previous approaches. Over a period of years studies have established that absenteeism and labor turnover are associated with a variety of personal and social characteristics of workers. Recently J. M. M. Hill and E. L. Trist have suggested that the integration of the employee into the work force be conceptualized as a process in which all workers are either "leavers" or "stayers," with some of the stayers seeking reasons to withdraw temporarily (become absentees). Our research relates the two approaches by examining the hypothesis that if the absentees are intermediate between stayers and leavers in the process of integration, they will be intermediate on a number of factors classified as "incentives," "barriers to attendance," or "barriers to adjustment." Our data are based on studies of a large cotton factory near Buenos Aires. As incentives we consider wages and conditions of work. As a barrier to attendance we consider distance of residence from the plant. As barriers to adjustment we treat country of birth, age, and length of service with the company. On all of these factors our hypothesis is confirmed. Further research should test the validity of these concepts and seek other incentives and barriers to integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents updates concerning the field of operations research as of 1960. The Seventh International Meeting of the Institute of Management Sciences will be held in New York City from October 19 to 22. The Argentine Operations Research Society had elected officers of its directing council. The Operations Research Association of Bangalore held its Third Annual General Meeting in Bangalore, India in February 27. The Canadian Operations Research Society has elected D. B. DeLury as president.

This paper deals with a taxonomic study of Cyanophyta epiphytic on submerged plants in the following ponds: Chascomús, El Burro, Yalea and Vitel. Keys are given for the identification of the 3 orders, 5 families, 11 enera and 24 species found. The taxa are described and the species illustrated. Eigth species are described for the first time for Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty species of Inoperculate Discomycetes are described herein from the Nahuel Huapí National Park (Argentina), distributed among thirteen genera belonging to the following families: Hyaloscyphaceae, Dermataceae, Sclerotiniaceae y Helotiaceae. Three of them, namely, Calloria, Sphagnicola and Phaeohelotium are recorded for the first time for Argentina. Of the thirty species found, fifteen are new records for this country. The following new combinations are proposed: Cyathicula chlorosplenioides (Speg.) Gamundí (basinym: Helotium chlorosplenioides Speg.); Rutstroemia megalospora (Speg.) Gam. (bas.: Helotium megalosporum Speg.) y Rutstroemia microsperma (Speg.) Gamundí (bas.: Helotium microspermum Speg.). The paper contains a critical study of type material from Spegazzini's herbarium, and the description of a new species of the same general area: Phaeohelotium castaneum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information about the comparative approach applied to the study of contemporary Jewry, which adds an important dimension to the research and interpretation of individual Jewish communities. Most present research analyses the local community in the context of its native environment and its adjustment to that environment. With the comparative method, one can explore the common relationship of Jewish communities throughout the world while taking into full account the problems of locus and specific historical configuration. Thus a particular Jewish community can be studied not only in its relation to the environing culture, but also in the total context of the Jewish people. The object of this paper is to delineate, by way of comparison, some of the disparate and common elements in the three major Jewish centers of the western hemisphere, Canada, the United States, and Argentina. The selected disparate element relates to the varying forms of representative organization of the Jewish communities as their respective majority, or host cultures influence them. The common element refers to the nature of individual identification with Jews and Judaism, a problem that is similar in the three communities.

The article studies the competition for light and water during the summer season in a simple community of weeds which accompany the establishment of pure alfalfa leys causing the rapid loss of the forage species in Rafaela Province of Santa Fé, Argentina. The author evaluated the water structure of plants in the different treatments by determining the relative amount of water in the leaves of some of the species of the community. He mentioned that the relative turgidity of the leaves is correlated with their internal water status.

Data are resented to illustrate the importance of contextual effects in the determination of student political behavior. In order to identify context; the sample population of 999 Argentine university students was divided into relatively homogeneous subgroups by utilizing a factor analysis of student responses to a variety of questions dealing with their political behavior. University departments were characterized by the mean of the factor scores for the students in that department, and then grouped into six contexts on the basis of the departmental mean scores. This technique permitted the identification of widely varying contexts in the political beliefs of the students. By use of an analysis of variance technique, the independent effect that variation in the contexts of learning has upon student? political behavior is demonstrated. This effect is manifested even when taking into account such other factors as level in school, the amount of time spent in the school situation, the level of father's education, and the individual's own political orientations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this short paper, the author reports the presence of Notholaena sulphurea (Cav.) J. Sm. in NW and W Argentina (Jujuy and La Rioja Provinces). A key for the Argentine species of that genus, is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on Argentina's economy and the Alliance for Progress program in the 1960s. It states that Argentina differs in social and economic development from most other South and Central American countries. It mentions that the Alliance for Progress was implemented by U.S. President John F. Kennedy in 1961. It comments that while Argentina suffers from some social backwardness and a somewhat stagnant economy, the country does not have a significant land reform problem, has stable population growth, and does not suffer from extensive illiteracy. It talks about Argentina's economic development and its recent political history.

The article focuses on various research papers discussed in different journals. One of the research paper "The Migration of Latin American High-Level Manpower," demonstrates that discussion must be focused on the regional rather than national dimensions of the problem. Economic cooperation and eventually economic integration of Latin American countries will give rise to demands for strategic high-level manpower. Another research paper discusses results of a survey taken in Argentina about the influence of internal movements of the population on the level of political participations.

The article discusses the progress which has been made in the mass media among the most effective instruments of cultural penetration in countries of the Third World. In Argentina, with the spread of a way of life modeled on that of the major countries, towards the end of the 1950's, the intermediate role of the native bourgeoisie was superseded and at the same time 70 per cent of the 120 firms which had the greatest volume of business, disappeared. Very significant in this connection is the ease with which centers of activity in many Third World countries can maintain communication with the major countries, as against the immense difficulties encountered in communication between the less-developed countries and within each country. The result is introduction into the societies of Third World countries of cultural patterns which are totally irrelevant to individual national conditions and values, thus bringing about the destruction of the fragile fabric of national identity. The mass media does no more than state part of one of the major problems facing the societies of economically less powerful countries, namely their dependence. The failure to appreciate the full scope and impact of this problem creates, to say the least of it, dire confusion in the study of social science communication in the Third World and naturally also in social sciences themselves in the countries concerned.

The article discusses research that examined the incisors of pre-Columbian Tastilian Indians. The author discusses the prevalence of dental shoveling in the Mongoloid dental complex. The research examines skulls that were discovered at Santa Rosa de Tastil, Salta, Argentina in order to study incisor shoveling. The author notes that of the 13 skulls that had incisors, all were shovel shaped. The author discusses the impact this finding will have in dental anthropology.

The article examines the perception of the system of stratification in their society that is held by Argentine youth, and explores systematically the impact of formal education on that perception. It was found that as compared with other characteristics of individuals, like moral qualities, type of education and intelligence, social class ranked fifth in the minds of Argentine youth as a basis for differentiating the populace. There was considerable agreement on the basic question that Argentina has some system of discrete, identifiable social classes. However, the Argentine youth are not entirely in accord with regard to the basis for making these class distinctions. Social class, it would appear, is frequently conceived of in moral terms. And, while social class does not appear to be a salient term employed by Argentine youth for describing the systematic differentiation and evaluation of individuals, they do agree that such differentiation exists. The terms they commonly employ to describe this system, however, do not always correspond with the sociologists' bases for making these distinctions.

The article deals with the promotion of Jewish immigration from Russia to Argentina through the decree of 1881 and the arrival of the first Jewish large-scale immigration in 1889. The wedding of a Jewish couple of French extraction which was celebrated in Buenos Aires in the late 1860 was the first event of significance or Jewish life in Argentina. Although the attempt to encourage Jews to settle in Argentina failed in 1881, the fact remains that the government welcomed the East European Jews. Most Jews did come to Argentina during the 1880's, though generally on an individual basis. The article also discusses the different attitudes towards Jews and to the character of the early Jewish community in Buenos Aires.

Examines the characteristics of Argentine society in terms of its position in the international stratification system. Comparison between the diffusion of certain values results in stratification dimensions and the prestige of social positions; Accounts on the formation of modern Argentina in the second half of the past century; Derivation of the dramatic concept of stagnation from linear projections.

The development of sociology in Argentina is so intimately tied up with the history of the country that it is in a special sense a part of that history. Spain's repressive policy at home and in her colonies had left the peoples which later became Argentina with little knowledge of any sort of social theory. Manuel Belgrano had been educated in Europe and had brought back to his position as secretary to the Consulado an outlook which made him the initiator of various economic reforms in the colonial administration at the end of the Eighteenth Century which helped to prepare the way for the Revolution of 1810. The Napoleonic conquest of Spain and the suspension of the legitimate Spanish monarchy gave the people of the Rio de la Plata region an opportunity for revolution. Once the revolution was accomplished, the criollos were compelled to govern themselves. The two men who stand out are Mariano Moreno and Bernardino Rivadavia. The former had been trained in the University of Charcas, in Bolivia and had imbibed the doctrines of the French Revolution. So strong was his personality that after less than once year in the government, he has influenced the democratic tendencies of the country throughout its history.

Provides information on a study which investigated the causes and dimensions of serious brain drain of engineers from Argentina. Implications of brain drain for the country's economic development.

The article presents information on a cross-cultural comparative research of juvenile deviance in two specific cities--one in the United States and the other in Argentina. Data from the juvenile court files at Toledo, Ohio, and Rosario, Argentina, for the years 1966 and 1967 were used. This study used statistical court records, participant observation notes, and published documents. The statistical data from Toledo were taken from the juvenile court reports for the years 1966 and 1967, and from the Model Cities Crime and Delinquency Report published in 1969. Toledo and Rosario are both in the northern temperate zones of their respective countries. Both are inland port cities that handle goods moved internationally by way of the Atlantic Ocean. There are, however, notable differences. Rosario does not have a racial minority as does Toledo with its Afro-American and Mexican populations. Although Toledo is about two-thirds the size of Rosario, it had more juveniles adjudicated by its juvenile agencies during 1966 and 1967. Specifically, Toledo had 2.5 times the adjudicated delinquents that Rosario had.

The article assesses the effect of cattle grazing on plant community structure in Buenos Aires, Argentina. The floristic composition and the distribution of species biomass, grazing pressure, microtopography and range condition were observed in 50 x 50 m areas, regularly spaced along linear transects, from the water source to the farthest corner in each field. The vegetation shows a very complicated pattern of variation, consisting of the aggregation of clumps of different size, with characteristics plant coverage, floristic composition, micro-edaphic and microclimatic characteristics.

The last decade has witnessed a marked increase in the study of social anthropology, cultural sociology and archaeology in several Latin American countries and particularly in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. There are several booknotes that will serve to illustrate some of the trends in this phase of sociology in these three countries. E. Roquette-Pinto, of the Brazilian Academy, is one of the most active and critical of Brazil's social anthropologists. In his book "Ensaios de Anthropologia Brasiliana," he is concerned primarily with population, migration and race. This last subject occupies more than half of the volume and ranges from race fertility to the spiritual qualities of the Negroes, Japanese, Indians, Hindus and the Portuguese. Eugenics is a side problem with those of race and population. The most important essay in the volume is on the anthropological types of Brazil, in which he reviews critically the accumulated literature on the subject. Numerous North Americans are cited and their views discussed. Of the fifteen essays in the Brazilian Studies, three are of especial interest to readers.

The article discusses the activities and purposes of the Centre for Comparative Sociology (CSC) of Torcuato Di Tella Institute which began in January 1964 in Argentina. The main purposes of the CSC include research activities on comparative studies in the social structure, cooperation with Argentina and Latin America's institutions, promotion of advanced training through research, and cooperation with individual scholars and institutions. CSC also initiated projects from extension of political vote in Argentina to the change of Argentine society's demographic structure, the Buenos Aires Conference in September 1964, and the publication of the "Latin American Journal of Sociology."

The purpose of this article is to examine the Argentine blue-collar worker in both work and non-work environments. Sociologists deal first with three aspects of his participation in the economic institution: The labor market and labor recruitment, the work place, and standard of living and consumption. Sociologists then examine the Argentine blue-collar worker in terms of kinship, education, and politics. Prior to detailed discussion sociologists present a brief history of Argentine industrial development, and review several empirical studies of the Argentine blue-collar worker. Certainly the paradox of Argentina as a nation mirrors the paradox of the Argentine blue-collar worker. But the Argentine blue-collar worker does not serve as a realistic model for other Latin American workers. What emerge, instead, are the uniqueness of the Argentine experience and the curious complex of factors leading to the present position of the Argentine worker. Thinking of the future merely reinforces the possibility of continuing paradoxes of increasing magnitude. The highly politicized blue-collar group faces, with the rest of Argentina, possible long-term rule under a military regime. All of the conditions, which might lead to social revolution, are continually salved by actual wage and standard of living gains by Argentine blue-collar workers.

The article traces the course of events up to the end of 1944, with reference mainly to the period during which Secretary of State Cordell Hull guided the destinies of U.S. foreign policy. Hull, in his declarations of July 26, 1944 and September 7, 1944, closed the door on negotiations. The U.S. dealt with Argentina in terms which were more severe and uncompromising than those used with Germany or Japan prior to the actual outbreak of hostilities.

Examines long swings in British investment in Argentina in the period 1880-1914. Explanations on the inverse British patterns; How the analysis of movements of both labor and capital can be conducted.

This article provides information about the general law relating to privacy in ten countries which are Mexico, Venezuela, Argentina, Brazil, Federal Republic of Germany, Sweden, France, Switzerland, the United States of America and Great Britain. The right of privacy was recognized early in Mexican legislation, more particularly in Articles 14 and 16 of the Constitution of the United States of Mexico, adopted on 5 February, 1917. These articles, which were largely inspired by the Constitution of the U.S., were already found in almost exactly the same terms in the earlier Mexican Constitution of 1857. There is no general definition of the right of privacy in Venezuelan law, nor is there any definition of the juridical nature of the rules protecting privacy. The right of privacy is proclaimed in general terms but receives no further elaboration. Argentine law contains no definition of the right to privacy as such, nor any definition of the legal nature of the rules protecting privacy. Brazilian law is influenced by several different legal systems such as Italian, German, French, Portuguese, American and Swiss. The right of privacy is recognized in the U.S., but its definition and application varies among the different states of the Union. Its development is founded on provisions in the American Constitution, the Bill of Rights and the later amendments to the United States' constitution. The subject of a right to privacy has received much less attention among both academic and practicing lawyers in Great Britain, therefore, the general definition of the right of privacy is not found in the British law.

The agricultural pattern of Mendoza, Argentina, has two main elements, an early-developed region of vineyards around Mendoza city, and a region to west, south, and east with more crop diversity and modern technology. Four principal factors contribute to the difference between these two, 1) climate; 2) the chronology of agricultural settlement; 3) land tenure; and 4) the manner of water provision. The Mendoza city region is associated with higher temperatures and longer growing season than the peripheral region, with earlier development of irrigated land, with backward forms of land tenure, and with only limited use of well water to aid river supplies. Both land tenure and water provision are changing factors with considerable impact on the rate of agricultural development. The probable qualitative effect of two further changes in water supply, high dams, and new water control legislation, is comparable to that of well use. By contrast, canal lining and river diversion are primarily quantitative additions with little developmental effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the climate of the Argentine Republic according to a new classification. The purpose of a climatic classification is to characterize climatic regions in terms of those principal elements, such as temperature and precipitation, which are the most decisive in the determination of the landscape of the earth's surface. Moreover, it attempts to develop the similarities which these great climatic units bear to each other and their relation to their principal causes, the effect of latitude and of atmospheric and oceanic circulation, in opposition to geographic accidents.

Discusses whether determinism in geography leads immediately to understanding or misunderstanding in the search for knowledge. Consideration of the geography of Argentina from an explanatory standpoint as example; Unknowable causes and unforeseeable future; Individual and worldwide indeterminism; Status of social science.

On the whole, world market conditions were more favorable to Argentina during 1943-55 than during the 1929-43 period. Public policy had an option which was not present during the great depression, to guide the growth of the economy based on an expanding level of exports of both rural and manufactured products. To some extent, this option implied a return to the export-led growth of the pre-1930 era. However, it could have differed significantly from such an earlier stage by a greater reliance on the export of manufactures as well as by a more aggressive policy of import substitution, in the same way that post-war Australian and Canadian growth differed from the growth of such countries before 1930. In retrospect, one may ask how a rate of growth of 5 per cent per annum could have been achieved during 1943-1955. Seven policies could have obtained this goal given world conditions, although with different degrees of efficiency and real effort. Broadly speaking, two major strategies could be distinguished, reliance on export expansion, using import substitution only to the extent that Argentine exports, traditional or new, met with inelastic world demands which would not allow the target growth rate to be met.

Part I. Examines the economic growth of Argentina since 1930. Main features of the economic development of the country; Background on the foreign exchange shortage; Terms of trade.

Although rural sociology as such has received scant attention in Argentina, due primarily to a theoretical preoccupation with European schools and systems, the adaptation of European theories to the interpretation of Argentine national history has resulted in considerable attention to the role of rural-urban conflict in the course of national development. Particularly in the sociological interpretation of the long dictatorship of Rosas has rural-urban conflict been emphasized, whether in terms of urban civilization and rural barbarism, urban commercialism and rural feudalism, or urban white supremacy and rural Indian or mestizo supremacy. Lacking concrete studies of particular urban and rural social organizations and institutions, these theories resolve into opposition of two meta-physical forces in a philosophy of history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the rank-size distribution of cities as well as subareas in Argentina. Regularities relating rank and size of cities; Alternative patterns of city distribution; Methodological criterion to measure rank-size rule in empirical distributions of cities; Relation between the primacy of the city and the closure of the country.

This article focuses on postage stamps related to poliomyelitis. The stamps came out in the fifties when there was an increase in paralytic cases in many parts of the world and efforts to develop vaccines were being made. Several of these carried a surtax in order to raise funds to aid poliomyelitis victims. A set of two semi-postal stamps from Norway depict a happy young girl kneeling in a field plucking flowers. The stamp from Argentina shows a young girl afflicted by the disease and carrying the message Fight Poliomyelitis. A 1959 French stamp expresses joy over the conquest of the disease by the use of vaccine. The U.S. stamp honors those who helped fight polio in the country. A 1960 Belgium stamp was issued to direct attention to the work being done to help crippled children.

This article presents information on the 35th Federation Internationale de Documentation (FID) General Assembly and International Congress of Documentation, which was attended by about 625 people from 30 countries, included adoption of a new program statement expanding FID's fields of documentation interest to that of all subject areas (not just scientific and technical) plus new statutes and rules of procedure strengthening the council and enhancing the part played by regional commissions. The congress was held from September 14 to 24, 1970 in Buenos Aires.

The article discusses research focusing on teeth of the Andide Indians of Santa Rosa de Tastil in Salta, Argentina. The authors note that skulls discovered in an archaeological excavation had suffered severe tooth loss but that groove patterns and cusp numbers for mandibular molars could be examined. They note the evolution of the groove pattern and compare it to other South American populations.