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The article examines abstracts of papers submitted but not included in the program of the annual meeting of the American Public Health Association, Medical Care Section, 1962. Some of these are "Experiences and Activities at a Medical Computing Center," by L.D. Cady, M.A. Woodbury, and L.J. Tich and "An Internist's Experiences With Medical Care of Welfare Patients in Proprietary Nursing Homes," by Sidney M. Greenberg. The first abstract focuses on the center that is cooperating with investigators in the area of mathematical and theoretical analysis and statistical data handling and analysis, information coding, keypunching and storage of medical data for further study and retrieval. The second abstract contains observations of the medical, nursing, and administrative practices in four nursing homes as made by an internist responsible for the medical Scare of welfare patients in these homes. In evaluating these activities the recognition and meeting of the patient's total needs was utilized as the criterion of quality of performance.

This paper deals with the role of the health department and more specifically the public health nurse in the care of the aged based upon a study of the sociomedical needs of old people in Ontario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mindel C. Sheps has pointed out in a recent paper in "Population Studies" that the interval between successive births is usually short for a population that routinely nurse their babies. In this article, nursing practices that might affect the interval between birth and pregnancy are reported from systematic observations made in the field.

This paper reports analyses of measures of interests and personality, scores on aptitude and achievement tests, and data on personal and background variables, from a national longitudinal survey which included first-year nursing students and recent nursing graduates. Nurses in three-year diploma programs are shown to exhibit aptitude, achievement, interests, and personality traits similar to girls in four-year baccalaureate programs. However, girls in diploma programs have neither the necessary goal-orientation nor often the economic means to substitute a four-year program for a three-year one. While the national need for professional nurses is increasing rapidly, if efforts are not undertaken to compensate for these differences among nursing students, and if the current proposal to phase out three-year nursing programs is implemented, an actual future decrease in the number of young people entering the nursing field may result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the nursing in other cultures. Incorporation of courses into existing curricula of nursing; Importance of pre-cultural conditioning for self-preparation of professionals to nurse in other cultures; Continuity of nursing education.

Examines the actual career histories of nurses with graduate qualifications in Great Britain. Distinction of career path and career route; Analysis of basic patterns in relation to career routes; Inclusion of the differences of career paths of graduate/nurses.

The article focuses on the increase in the need for patient health education and in the professional nurse's opportunities for such a role. The purpose of the paper is to examine the existing problems in patient education provided by the professional nurse and to offer some possibilities for clarifying the nurse's role in order to ensure progress in this area. The fundamental responsibilities of the nurse are to serve life, to promote health, to prevent disease and to alleviate suffering. It has been generally accepted by the nursing profession that thoughtful and appropriate patient education is the essence of all health rehabilitation.

Focuses on the debate regarding the background paper prepared by Rebecca Bergman, member of the Professional Service Committee. Identification of several connotations in nursing; Category within the occupation by means of nursing education programs; Proponents of the career leader.

The article presents information on the publication of various books, related to medicine. "Self-Teaching Tests in Arithmatic for Nurses," by Ruth W. Jesse; "Food, Fact and Figure," by Marry E. Beck; "Patient Studies in Medical-Surgical Nursing," by Jane Secor; "Fluid and Electrolyte Balance--A Programmed Text," by Margaret L. Dickens; "An Atlas of Nursing Techniques," by Norma Greenler Dison; "Summary of Gynaecology," by A.C.W.F. Burnett; Anatomy and Physiology," 2nd ed., by Joyce W. Rowe and "Principles of Nursing," by Nancy Ropper.

The article presents information on several books related to nursing. Some of them are "Basic Nursing," 2nd ed. by Eve R. D. Bendell and Elizabeth Raybould, "A Guide to Medical and Surgical Nursing," by Eve R. D. Bendell and Elizabeth Raybould, "Baily & Love's Surgery for Nurses," 9th ed. by McNeill Love and Allan Clain, "Midwifery for Nurses," by Elliot Phillipp and Eva Crisp.

There is a significant lack of patient-centered studies in current socio-medical research, and also very little use made of experimental designs. As a departure from this trend, this paper presents the design and result s of a clinical experiment indica-. ting greater effectiveness of a patient-centered nursing approach used to administer a standard nursing procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activities and place of nurses in a group practice organization are reported and discussed. The material is of considerable significance for the development of new patterns of health care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is concerned with three sets of problems suggested by the patient-nurse relationship, these are why and how do variables, which pattern the role expectations of the nurse and patient, function in relation to activities directed toward restoration of the patient's health? This, of course, does not mean that problems in the patient-nurse situation always are or must always be solved or that a particular structure or set of them is the only possible solution. Further, it is understood that the pattern of variables constituting the framework of the role is an abstraction from the mutually interdependent expectations of its occupants and the public. A factor such as faith in science and its medical discoveries, for example, is subsidiary to the role elements inherent in the patient situation and serves to enhance, not create, confidence in the physician. The second question is what are some of the dysfunctional consequences of the pattern variables and how do they come about? The third point in question is whether it is possible to understand the process of differential role internalization in the medical professions in the same terms as the internalization of the patient's role?

A basic task of every occupation calling itself a profession is educating and indoctrinating recruits into its culture. The study of this process, its changes, and consequences is a major interest of the sociology of the professions. One purpose of this article is to describe selected aspects of changes in nursing education with particular attention to collegiate nursing education and to nursing's interest in research. Nursing's effort to improve its services and professional status over the past two or three decades constitutes an area of social and educational change that is increasingly involving the behavioral sciences. These disciplines are part and parcel of the change and, at the same time, the changes are a legitimate object of study for them. A second purpose of this paper, then, is to examine features of this dual involvement and to suggest a few research possibilities in nursing. Nursing, one of the newer professions and still uncertain about its professional status, finds itself confronted with a number of problems generally characteristic of all professions and others unique to nursing.

The general aim in carrying out the survey from which the data presented in this article were derived was to provide background information on the pool of nurses with graduate qualifications against which the new concurrent degree programmes for nurses could he assessed. Some of the aims of this survey included describing the various combinations by which degree and nursing qualifications are attained and to determine the relative numbers for each combination, and to describe the current employment situation of nurses with graduate qualifications.

The article focuses on sterilization technique by gamma rays in hospitals in New Zealand. The concept of pre-sterilized medical disposables has made a considerable impact on the medical and nursing world in the last fifteen years. The sterilization techniques in vogue in New Zealand hospitals up to ten years ago involved multiple steam sterilization apparatus of all sizes and types, randomly distributed through all wards and departments. Several major advantages of gamma ray sterilization are immediately obvious. Because sterility is ensured and because the pack is disposable cross-infection is eliminated. Noise in wards arising in part from the use of conventional metal trays and instruments is eliminated.

The theme of the Annual Professional Conference of the Royal College of Nursing was 'Standards of Nursing Care', when the Report of the World Health Organization Fifth Expert Committee on Nursing was used as a basis for the discussions. Papers were presented in the context of basic and post-basic nursing education, hospital and domiciliary nursing and nursing research. Miss H.M. Simpsom, B.A., S.R.N., gave a résumé of the Report of the WHO Committee, of which she was a member. Mis B.I.R. Dodwell discussed four major problems which militate against the achievement of good nursing standards at the present time. The curriculum was named first, together with the conflict of trying to provide the right kind of nurse for the 1970s, while giving consideration to present needs. Next, came the candidates and their recruitment. It was suggested that recruitment of student nurses should be separated from recruitment for service. Third, the control of nursing education and the fact that the claims of the nursing service get constant priority over education, which was deplored. Finally, there is the problem of too few teachers of nursing. On domiciliary nursing, Miss L. Hockey felt it to be a necessary contribution of the profession to the community it serves to make it possible for the aged, the sick and the handicapped to be cared for in their own homes, if they so desired. Miss K.J.W. Wilson, B.Sc., outlined the organization of the Department Nursing Studies of Edinburgh University, and the courses available for undergraduates and for registered nurses. She also spoke of research as a major responsibility of a University Department and how this was carried out. Finally, Miss Simpson spoke of the present situation in nursing research in the United Kingdom in relation to the framework suggestion in the World Health Organization Report. The Royal College of Nursing has accepted an invitation from the Ministry of Health to be set up a project to study standards of nursing care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reprints the article "Some Thoughts on Quality in Nursing Service," by Doris Schwartz previously prepared for the WHO Expert Committee on Nursing in April-May 1966.

The Nursing Personnel Scheduling Problem is defined as the identification of that staffing pattern which (1) specifies the number of nursing personnel of each skill class to be scheduled among the wards and nursing shifts of a scheduling period, (2) satisfies total nursing personnel capacity, integral assignment, and other relevant constraints, and (3) minimizes a "shortage cost" of nursing care services provided for the scheduling period. The problem is posed as a mixed-integer quadratic programming problem, which is decomposed by a primal resource-directive approach into a multiple-choice programming master problem, with quadratic programming sub-problems. Initial results suggest that a linear programming formulation, with a post-optimal feasibility search scheme, may be substituted for the multiple-choice master problem. The model is tested on six wards of a 600-bed general hospital, and results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the role of nursing on the improvement of health care delivery in the U.S. It was mentioned that the government has to develop national goals for nursing and nursing education in terms of our national need for health care. The government has made political and economic reform for the substantial improvement in nursing salaries. In addition, the American Nurses Association initiated a national study of nursing and nursing education in order to improve the country's health care system.

This study is concerned with explanations for the high turnover rates among nurses in supervisory, head nursing, and staff nursing positions. Using reference group theory, particularly the concept of "locals" and "cosmopolitans" as organizational role types, the authors find that the local-cosmopolitan hypothesis requires considerable modification. In contrast to expectations, "cosmopolitans" did maintain high in-group loyalties, did not refer to an external group, and were motivated toward organizational commitment. In view of these findings, an effort is made to modify the theory on the basis that the hospital environment is substantially different from that of the other organizations in which the local-cosmopolitan model was derived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When the Nurses Association of Jamaica revised its constitution in 1969, one of the innovations which came into being was the holding of an annual Island Conference. This was introduced with the main object of involving more nurses in the administration and policy making of the professional organization. The theme of this third Island Conference was "blueprint for progress", because one of its chief features was to be the presentation, discussion and adoption of the Association's new Position Paper.

Presents an article on the accreditation of baccalaureate program in nursing by the Regional University Accrediting Board in England. Information on nursing services of a national agency in the region; Role of medical directors and chief nurses in health institutions; Discussion on the shortage of nurses in the country.

Presents schedule of activities at the 15th Quadrennial Congress in nursing in Mexico City, Mexico.

A 69-item attitude scale was constructed and administered to 702 nurses in five different settings. A principal components factor analysis results in three subscales that adequately represented the intent of the study: (1) nursing autonomy and advocacy; (2) patients' rights; and (3) rejection of traditional rule limitations. The subscales clearly differentiated between the different samples of nurses. Higher scores were associated with education, leadership, academic setting and non-traditional social climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article assesses the effect of nurse intervention on patient compliance in an outpatient clinic treating various chronic diseases in the U.S. In this study, the researchers reported the consequences of one type of nurse intervention for selected attitudes and behaviors of black clinic outpatients. The results suggest that patient response to nurse intervention indicates less that the patient is complying with the expectations of a 'significant other' and more that the treatment process is providing meaningful ways for him to confront his illness.

Focuses on the implications of the establishment of the European Economic Community (EEC) by the Treaty of Rome for the nursing profession. Complexity of the problem of freedom of movement in the health professions; Application of directives to the profession; Formation of the National Nurses' Associations of the EEC member countries. INSET: Preamble of the Treaty of Rome.

Contrasts the characteristics of Hospital English with Medical English. Effect of certain factors on the level of complexity of the language; Variation in the language on the nursing side as opposed to the medical side; Comparison of the concerns of the medical staff and the nursing staff.

Focuses on the progress made by the Nurses Training and Management School in Portugal. Aim of the school to promote the education of nurses; Use of surveys to improve the teaching and nursing profession; Benefits of the Post-Basic Nursing Course to nursing students.

Provides tips on identifying problems for nursing research. Awareness on the different areas of critical nursing practices; Objectivization of the decision-making process; Definition of several scientific terms.

Focuses on the aspects of the five philosophies that serve as the basis of nursing education in the U.S. Need for a teacher to espouse idealism in teaching; Relationship between realism and education; Discussion of neo-thomism as one of the philosophies of education.

The article focuses on the perspectives of nursing in Austria. All the efforts to raise the level and promote the development of nursing in Australia had come to a halt, and now WHO was sending the eight European countries to collect 'directions' through visits to all kinds of settings in which nursing takes place and through dialogue and conferences about professional problems with 130 nurses, physicians, administrators, sociologists and others. Nursing profession tries hard to improve care for the healthy and the ill and to reinforce the timeless values of humanity, certainly knows no boundaries.

This article presents information regarding the books and papers received by the December 1967 issue of the journal "International Nursing Review." The list of books includes "Bedside Nursing: An Introduction," by J. Darwin, J. Markham and Brysson Whyte, "Muscle and Bone," by Harry Asher, "Maternal and Child Health Nursing," by A. Joy Ingalls and "The Functioning of Social Systems As a Defence Against Anxiety," by Isabel E.P. Menzies.

The article presents information on the executive staff representation at International Meetings of the International Council of Nurses (ICN). Executives Frances Beck attended the two-day meeting of the Nursing Advisory Committee of the League of Red Cross Societies' XVIIIth Session which was held in Geneva from June 19-20. Executives Sheila Quinn and M.G. Shout were the representatives for ICN at the International Labor Conference 51st Session, which took place from June 7-29 in Geneva. Shout attended the one-day meeting at the International Labor Office on July 6, convened by the Non-Governmental Organization (NGO) branch to consider the role of the NGO in dealing with youth problems.

The article focuses on the retirement of T.K. Adranvala from her post of Nursing Adviser, Directorate General of Health Services, Government of India and as Secretary of the Indian Nursing Council. In honour of her long service to the Trained Nurses Association of India a scholarship is to be founded in her name. Her outstanding contribution to the nursing profession in India is well-known. Adranvala has taken up her new appointment as Nurse Adviser to the WHO Nursing Education Project in Katmandu, Nepal.

The article presents a picture of R. Weinrich. A. Panini, K. Brennen, W. Prentice and delegates A.J. Levert, B. Schmitz, who were invited at the Royal College of Nursing, six of the eight national nursing associations of the EEC countries sent representatives to the Ren's Annual Congress and Exhibition held in Bournemouth, England.

Social work is under pressure, as are other professions, to be continuously acquiring new knowledge and adapting the old. It is therefore essential that one examines education, methods, and performance to make sure one is as efficient as is consistent with maintaining the philosophy and practicing the art of social work. Even though the two areas of practice under consideration are those of family casework and medical social work, it may be assumed that the present inquiry is of concern to the field of social work as a whole. In the attempt at clarification the article first presents some of the specifics in the medical setting which bear upon co-operative work with family agencies, then examines the pertinent principles of practice, and finally looks at the part played by workers' feelings, and raise some questions. The client of the medical-social agency is a patient suffering from the stresses and the insults of being ill and under medical care. He defines his problem as being organic and its solution as being within the province of medical and nursing care.

The article discusses that the career aspirations in nursing are related to nurses' conception of the nursing role. Each type of role conception engenders specific career expectations or goals. A professional conception of the nursing role leads to a definition of career "success" different from a personal-servant type of role conception. In establishing career goals, the type of role conception also affects motivation. Certainty with which the role conception is held is positively associated with self-assurance. Uncertainty may create dissatisfaction with the present role and so motivate persons to strive for less ambiguous situations. The discrepancy between ideal goals and perceived achievement constitutes the dynamic aspect of career aspiration. Frustration of career expectations at times leads to readjustment of career goals, while at other times it increases the intensity of current aspiration. Nursing is undergoing a transition phase. Professional self-conceptions of degree nurses are increasingly threatened by requirements of the bureaucratic role. The knowledge of a person's internalized role conception provides some understanding of his career aspirations.

The experience of aged nursing home patients in analyzed in terms of the "Carres" format development by Roth.The passage of time and events in broken up into units according to an informal timetable. the bargaining of carees participants seeking to improve their timetable status has special charateristics and uses in this regressive type of career. The conclusion of the study have both theoretical and practical implicatons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzes questionnaire responses from senior nursing students in three associate degree programs (N = 116), three hospital-affiliated diploma schools (N = 116), and three baccalaureate, university-affiliated schools of nursing (N = 148). Personality characteristics, role-conflict expectations, and commitment orientations are compared both across and within the three institutional types. It is found that type of socializing agency is not associated with differential professional, organizational, and clinical specialty commitments, but is reflected in expectations concerning professional role conflicts. Students passing through various educational structures are best differentiated in terms of personality characteristics, such as interpersonal trust and authoritarianism, which may reflect self-selection more than formal professional socialization. Discussed also are benefits accruing to the nursing profession from the existence of all three types of schools of nursing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Responses to a Role Projective Test by freshman and senior student nurses writing descriptions of typical hospital scenes are interpreted as showing that expressions of idealism or realism reflect the extent of socialization into the role. The learnings that occur represent a cognitive orientation to the world of nursing which involves treating that world as it is and developing perspectives which are congruent with the perspectives of other relevant actors in the situation. Idealism is interpreted as meaning that the emerging self is seen as competent, that the individual believes events can be normalized and that a routine way of behaving in that scene can be developed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the general notion that information flows freely from supervisor to subordinate or from subordinate to supervisor in nursing teams. Definition of nursing teams, downward communication, and upward communication; Correlation between superiors' and subordinates' rank orderings of problems encountered by subordinates.

The specialist-generalist controversy can be differently framed. Using the performance of nursing services as a basis for analysis, the author contrasts traditional and unorthodox patterns of organization and shows that "even simple variations in ways of organizing work can significantly affect the relative merits of generalist and specialist roles." The adoption of a specific organizational structure is shown to strongly influence total performance and the development of supervisory capacity, and Professor Golembiewski finds significant managerial advantage in the unorthodox pattern and its generalist bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of nursing in the development of a health organization is explored and found to be vital. Problems in developing an appropriate role for the professional nurse in an ambulatory health care setting are discussed and ways of dealing with them are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A report is presented on a study to determine whether a new pattern of nursing was effective in promoting better health outcomes. The study dealt with two groups of stroke and fracture patients over an eighteen-month period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bacteriological study was made to see whether selected contents of public health nursing bags were contaminated by pathogens common in a "normal" environment. No pathogenic bacteria were identified, but three nonpathogenic organisms were found. More attention was given to protection from contamination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring equipment can be uncomfortable and even painful when connected to a patient and its mere presence can produce anxiety. It is possible to reduce these effects to some extent, and by adequate explanation and reassurance to persuade the patient to accept techniques which are used in his own interest. The nursing staff will accept and use equipment, even though it is quite complex, if they are convinced primarily that it is necessary for the patient and reliable, and secondarily not too time consuming to look after. The equipment used for monitoring at the moment is too unreliable to be accepted confidently as a warning device. There is a need for much more reliable equipment in this field, but it is unlikely that the number of nurses required for an intensive care unit could be reduced. It is generally agreed that there is a need for a technician experienced in electronics equipment to maintain and service these machines. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]