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Rat liver polysomes, single ribosomes, EDTA-produced subparticles and free ribosomal RNA were treated with formaldehyde and their properties were studied. The following results were obtained. 1. RNA can be isolated from fixed polysomes or subparticles by exhaustive digestion with pronase. Such RNA shows a normal electrophoretic behaviour in agar gel. 2. In free RNA treated with formaldehyde the mobility of 18-S and 28-S RNA fractions is reduced; latent breaks are not revealed by heating; sensitivity towards ribonuclease is increased. No such effects are observed with RNA treated with formaldehyde while in the particles. 3. In fixed polysomes or single ribosomes the two subparticles appear to be covalently bound through their proteins. No intermolecular bonding occurs between 18-S and 28-S RNA either fixed polysomes or in free RNA. The fixed ribosomes and subparticles can be fractionated by agar gel electrophoresis and give profiles similar to those of untreated particles. These resets may prove useful in combining CsCl density gradient fractionation with gel electrophoretic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study focusing on the activity and organisms of the plant species Juncus squarrosus, using Juncus moor. Microbiology, chemistry, and the decomposition of the Juncus squarrus leaves were also discussed. It was concluded that F and H1 contains the largest number of stained and unstained fungal mycelium. In addition, it was noted that the bacteria and fungi's vertical and seasonal patterns are similar to each other. Moreover, many steriled dark fungi, predominated in all horizons.

A new method is described for the determination of the total molecular weight of haploid genome DNA. It is based on initial optical renaturation rate measurements of precisely known concentrations of fragmented DNA. The theoretical basis of the measurement is presented. The actual state of replication of the genome has little effect. The exact conditions and the effects of DNA concentration, renaturation time, size of DNA fragments, buffer concentration, optimal temperature and % (G + C) have been determined. Several types of bacterial DNA of known genome size were included as a control. As an application, the DNA genome size have been determined of 40 different bacteria. The method appears to offer advantages by its simplicity, rapidity and reproducibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new method is proposed to measure relatedness amongst bacteria, based on renaturation rate deteminants of DNA types and their mixture. The equations, relating the degree of binding with renaturation rates, are calculated for several cases. The optimal conditions for measurements are given. The method was checked in several ways. The advantages are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. The enzyme composition of human pancreatic juice has been studied by immunological techniques, using non-activated and activated juice. 2. Antisera were prepared with activated and non-activated pancreatic juice. Same samples of antisera were adsorbed with human serum. Immunoelectrophoresis was carried out, at pH 8.6 and disc immunoelectrophoresis at pH 8.9 and 5.0. Gel-diffusion media contained benzamidine, to prevent zymogen activation. Precipitation lines were characterized by activating the zymogens on the plates with trypsin, and identifying the enzymes produced using specific synthetic substrates. 3. Immunoelectrophoresis showed 15-20 antigenic constituents. Although disc immunoelectrophoresis gave slightly different results, those were consistent with the results of immunoelectrophoresis. 4. The following active enzymes were identified and localized: α-amylase, lipase and carboxylester hydrolase, which is a lipolytic enzyme structurally and catalytically different from lipase. 5. Several zymogens were identified: two immunologically distinct trypsinogens, one procarboxypeptidase B, two forms of procarboxypeptidase A, which are immunologically identical, and two proelastases with some common antigenic determinants. After activation, both proelastases showed a weak but different degree of chymotryptic activity. Chymotrypsinogen was localized in two major anionic lines, and one, minor, cationic line. The possibility that one anionic immune precipitate represents a polymer is discussed. No chymotryptic activity was associated with procarboxypeptidase A. 6. Immunoelectrophoresis of activated pancreatic juice demonstrates electrophoretic and antigenic changes. Activation of one anionic trypsinogen gave rise to cationic trypsin, whereas after activation chymotrypsinogens and procarboxypeptidases A showed no important change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]