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The article presents information on a meeting of the American Antiquarian Society (AAS) which was held in Boston, Massachusetts on April 30, 1902. A paper on Puritan Mary Griffin was read and commented on by AAS vice-president George F. Hoar. William Dennison Lyman and Henry Smith Pritchett were elected to AAS membership. A paper on archaeological research in Greece was presented. A diary of slave Paul Jennings was donated to the society.

Examines the cultural change in relation to physical and cultural influences of American archeology in the Southwestern States of the U.S. Changes of full glacial ecology; Evaluation of artifacts; Question of terminology for stone technology.

The section presents a review of the paper entitled Archaeology as an Auxiliary Science to American History, by J. C. Harrington, published in the December 1955 issue of the journal "The American Anthropologist." The author points out that archaeology has made contributions to historical data, but very little to history. He suggests that students interested in this field should have training in historical research methods and in the principles of historiography. He recommends specialization, not so much in classes of objects, as in periods and in national backgrounds; for example, English colonial or French colonial, rather than in ceramics, weapons, architecture or the like. Harrington underlines the defect of the archaeologists, namely, a failure to proceed from description and information to analysis and synthesis. He admits the difficulty of publication; how many historical journals or other publishers would want an archaeological study, with illustrations? He thinks that the future of this field lies rather with the history departments than with those of anthropology. Nevertheless, he insists on the flesh and blood contribution that archaeology can make, and with a pertinent quotation from Wertenbaker: "Perhaps the day is not distant when the social historian, whether he is writing about the New England Puritans, or the Pennsylvania Germans, or the rice planters of Southern Carolina, will look underground, as well as in the archives, for evidence."

Examines ancient evidences of man in the Southwestern States of the U.S. Assessment of detailed presentation of field data with photographs and artifacts; Evaluation of ordinary requirements of archeological techniques; Detection of cultural changes.

The article reports that the annual meeting of the American Anthropological Association was held at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, on December 28-30, 1910, in connection with the American Folk-Lore Society and the Archaeological Institute of America. The influence of the archaeologists was evident in the papers presented, most of them being of an archaeological nature. Among them were A.M. Tozzer's account of "Recent Explorations in Northern Guatemala," "The Work of the School of American Archaeology in the Past Year," by Miss Alice C Fletcher; "Certain Aspects of New Jersey Archaeology," by Charles Peabody, and the description of "A Pre-Pajaritan Culture in the Rio Grande Drainage," by E. L. Hewitt. The only paper on physical anthropology on the program was one on "Cretan Anthropometry," by Charles H. Hawes of Dartmouth College.

Comments on the proposition of George F. Carter regarding the roles of man and culture on the primitive way of life of American Indians in the Southwestern States of the U.S. Criticism on Carter's reluctance to present archeological data in a simple manner; Question regarding evidence of his proposal; Significance of the weathering of stone in the study.

The article focuses on the dialectical process between brain and tool, which has brought the human brain to its state of development. Brain and tool act and react upon each other directly, without the complications which obscure the later stages. It is, however, precisely this dialectical process which has also brought into existence those branches of science generally called pure or unapplied. To create a new branch of skill, constant and repeated interaction between tool and man are necessary. This postulates that the tool exist and be readily available, that the man be so disposed as to be able to seize and use it. The tool in this instance is the flying camera. The man must have a minimum of interest and skill in archaeology, he must have contacts with aviation and photography, and he must have leisure and means to develop the new technique. The influence of the collector still overshadows and darkens some regions of archeology. It has led us to the impasse of pure, a priori, typology. It led, for instance, to a wholly false classification of the remains found in the Swiss pile-dwellings.

The article discusses the relevance of time and size as factors to be considered in the ecology study. It relates that time scale for the soil is derived from several resources including archeology, historical records in the form of maps, geological evidence or from the age of woody plants growing in the soil are the resources to determine the time scale. It explores on various ecological studies together with their findings on the formation and development of soil in forests, grasslands, pod sols and other ecosystem. It contends that the size of communities in the studies must be first dealt in the ecological studies.

The last decade has witnessed a marked increase in the study of social anthropology, cultural sociology and archaeology in several Latin American countries and particularly in Brazil, Mexico and Argentina. There are several booknotes that will serve to illustrate some of the trends in this phase of sociology in these three countries. E. Roquette-Pinto, of the Brazilian Academy, is one of the most active and critical of Brazil's social anthropologists. In his book "Ensaios de Anthropologia Brasiliana," he is concerned primarily with population, migration and race. This last subject occupies more than half of the volume and ranges from race fertility to the spiritual qualities of the Negroes, Japanese, Indians, Hindus and the Portuguese. Eugenics is a side problem with those of race and population. The most important essay in the volume is on the anthropological types of Brazil, in which he reviews critically the accumulated literature on the subject. Numerous North Americans are cited and their views discussed. Of the fifteen essays in the Brazilian Studies, three are of especial interest to readers.