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This paper summarizes the findings of several investigations in the Netherlands of factors related to the adoption of improved farm practices and the general progressiveness of farmers. In many respects, the socio-economic characteristics differentiating more and less progressive farmers are the same as in the United States. The education of the farmer and his membership in farm organizations and cooperatives were related to his progressiveness even when other factors were held constant. The farmer's general style of living was also so related. It appears that the progressive farmer in the Netherlands not only quickly adopts modern farm practices, but that in many respects he is also a more "modern" type of individual. The hypothesis is stated that his frame of reference is better adapted to present circumstances than that of the less progressive farmer, whose frame of reference is more or less out of date, and that the backward farmer has feelings of inferiority, suspicion, and distrust which prevent him from adopting a more functional frame of reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents some empirical evidence, for Belgium, the Netherlands and France, on the so-called 'administrative inflation' hypothesis. The hypothesis might be defined as saying that price increases are higher in more concentrated industries, given positive changes in demand and costs. Empirically speaking, it implies that, for a cross-section of industries, wholesale-price changes are a positive function of concentration ratios, for given increases in demand and unit costs. Although any relevant evidence would be an interesting contribution to the present discussion about the Common Market's antitrust policy, the hypothesis has never been confronted-to my knowledge-with data from European Economic Community (E.E.C.) countries. The evidence presented in this paper is limited to the 1958-65 period, because of the difficulty in collecting comparable data form earlier years. As we were more familiar with Belgian data, Belgium was selected as a test case to detetmine the most appropriate empirical specification of the hypothesis. A few changes in Weiss's approach proved to be beneficial and are discussed in section it together with the data and results obtained for Belgium. In section III, results for the Netherlands are compared with the Belgian evidence on the basis of an analysis of covariance. Section IV introduces France while the last section draws some conclusions as to the validity of the hypothesis in a European framework.

This paper examines the impacts of laws and property right assignments on the organization of economic activity in the Netherlands. Nonexclusivity in consumption threatens the familiar free rider problem that discourages the production of public goods in optimal amounts. State, commercial, and pay broadcasting are organizational forms that derive from differences in the structure of property rights and the cost of transacting in markets. A closer look at Dutch broadcasting clubs provides support for the relevance of the by-product theory. By law, the production of a programming guide is the exclusive right of such clubs. This suggests that the monopoly element in exclusive production rights to programming guides protects broadcasters from nonclub suppliers only and does little to suggest why more than one club should share two-thirds of all listener-viewer households. Since membership size produces revenues beyond club dues, there is some incentive for clubs to subsidize subscription purchases. Employers and employees are prohibited by law from unilaterally terminating an employment contract without the express permission of the relevant district director of labor affairs. Because of this law, use of the market, via hirings and layoffs, as a means of varying its utilization of labor resources entails a special cost to the firm. Another, if somewhat novel, substitution away from unilateral employment termination is investment by firms in job search on behalf of their workers.

This paper is an attempt to relate the broad theory of the demographic transition to the specific population history of one country, insofar as this can be ascertained from incomplete and faulty data. Four conclusions are drawn: (1) The population of the area presently defined as the Netherlands has undergone a large more or less continuous increase since the beginning of the modern era. (2) Net migration probably had little effect on population growth. (3) The decline in mortality was not sufficient before the last decades of the 19th century to account for the increase in numbers. (4) There was a rise in fertility, following the breakdown of institutional and moral inhibitions to procreation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper deals with the extremely high birth rate of Roman Catholics in the Netherlands, a rate which is considerably higher than that of Catholics in other countries living under similar circumstances. The fertility of Catholics living on either side of the Dutch-Belgian and Dutch-German frontier was analysed and the same analysis was applied to Protestant frontier districts. One of the important factors making for high fertility proved to be the religious élan of the Catholics, which derived from their position as a strong minority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The International Sociological Association held its Third World Congress of Sociology in Amsterdam from August 22 to 29, 1956. There were 524 sociologists present from 54 countries, making this the largest international gathering of sociologists ever held. The general topic was "Problems of Social Change in the Twentieth Century." Special sessions were organized in the fields of economic organization, social stratification, the family, and education. In addition, there were meetings on sociological theory and research, and the teaching of sociology. The papers presented were published in seven volumes in advance of the Congress so that no papers were read, the time being given to discussion. A final supplementary volume containing summaries of the discussions has just been published. UNESCO, the Netherlands government, the city of Amsterdam, and the Ford Foundation all contributed to the success of the Congress by their generosity. The opening session was addressed by representatives of the Netherlands government and the city of Amsterdam and by the Director-General of UNESCO, Luther Evans.

This article presents reports and documents on money and banking. Andrew MacFarland Davis has added a supplement to the origin of the national banking system. The proceedings of the international conference on bills of exchange, held at the Hague, Netherlands during June 28 to July 15, 1910, have been published as a government document. This includes the report of the American delegate, Charles A. Conant, a summary of the discussions at the several sessions and the papers submitted by the several delegations, several of which deal with the history of the law of exchange. In I 909 Massachusetts passed an act authorizing the establishment of credit unions, the first law enacted in the United States for this purpose. In order to encourage the formation of such associations the Bank Commissioner has issued a pamphlet Credit Unions in which there is a brief statement of the history and principles of foreign credit associations. Other recent publications of the National Monetary Commission are "The Bank of issue in Italy," by Tito Canovai, general secretary of the Bank of Italy, with an article by Professor Ferraris and Banking in Russia, Austro-Hungary, the Netherlands and Japan.

The article presents a profile of the researchers who contributed their research papers in the September 1970 issue of the journal "Sociologia Neerlandica." Some of the researchers whose articles are published in this issue are: Jan Berting, Henry George Surie, Osmund Shreuder, A.D. Nooy, Johan Willem Schoorl and Philippe Cornelis Stouthard. Jan Berting, who contributed the second paper in this issue, graduated in political and social science from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1959 and obtained his doctorate from that university in 1968 for a dissertation in sociology. His special interests are social inequality, the sociology of work; particularly work satisfaction and motivation, and sociological theory. Another researcher, Henry George Surie graduated in sociology and geography from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands in 1967. His special interests include the sociology and the modern history of South-East Asia, on which subject he is at present writing his doctoral dissertation.

Presents a reply on the comments regarding planning in the Netherlands. Clarification of the geographical location of Amsterdam; Defense for the incorrect spellings in the article; Truth in the statement that Port of Rotterdam is much larger than Amsterdam.

This article focuses on the Seventh International Congress of Accountants held in Amsterdam, Holland. The program of this event, which is held every five years, was filled with interesting and unusual features. The Dutch people extended their traditional hospitality to all the visitors at the Congress and brief introductions soon ripened into friendships. The Congress was attended by about 2,850 delegates and visitors coming from 40 countries and representing 140 different accounting organizations. Thirty-one formal papers were presented by experts from 13 countries. Eight additional countries were represented on the panels. Four official languages were used: English, Dutch, French, and German. The 31 formal papers had been written months ahead of the Congress, translated into the four languages mentioned above, then printed and mailed to each delegate last June. The authors did not read their speeches at the meeting. The 31 authors, plus several more delegates, were divided into six panels of about twelve to fifteen men each. The six panels, meeting at varying times during the week, discussed the following subjects: Principles for the Accountants' Profession, Verification of the Existence of Assets, Budgeting and the Corresponding Modernization of Accounting, The Internal Auditor and the Internal Audit Function, Business Organization and the Public Accountant Ascertainment of Profit in Business

The railway bridge at Dordrecht (Holland) can be raised to let big ships pass through. This takes place according to a fixed daily time schedule derived from the railway timetable. The waiting times of the ships depend on the number and the duration of these openings, the headway of the unraised bridge (changing on account of tidal effects), and the traffic supply. In this paper the dependence of the waiting times on the above-mentioned factors is quantified by means of a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Investigates Dutch investment in France from 1781-1787. Developments identified by a survey of the financial history of the country; Economic impact of growing war and post-war expenses; Credit worthiness of the monarchy during the 18th-century.

A basic assumption of the Cornell Mobility Model insofar as it is relevant to inter-community migration is that an individual's propensity to move is a function of, among other things, his length of residence in the community. Parameters of the functional relationship of migration probabilities to duration status are estimated from migration histories for a sample of residents in Monterrey, Mexico, and compared with estimates reported by P. A. Morrison using data from Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In both data sets a negative nonlinear relation of the probability of migrating to duration status, as well as an interaction between age and duration status, is found. Values of parameters describing the relation within age groups differ sufficiently between the two data sets, however, to suggest that further specification of conditions under which a particular form of functional relation will obtain is necessary if the model is to be useful in migration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents information related to several articles on economics. Relation between unemployment and the rate of change of money wages in Canada; Input-output volume and value predictions for the Netherlands from 1948-1958; Relationship between aggregate consumption to wealth.

This paper is concerned with input-output predictions of primary demand in the Netherlands. Authors consider three primary sectors, imports, wages and gross profits. The number of industries distinguished in the Netherlands input-output publications is 35. The input-output predictions are tested against a simpler prediction device. This device consists of applying the base year ratio between primary demand for a given primary sector and aggregate final demand to aggregate final demand in the year for which the prediction is made. The input-output predictions used in the study are only conditional predictions. In real life situations, final demand will have to be predicted in a higher order prediction procedure. But aggregate final demand can be split up in two ways. It can be split up according to the producing industries. The resulting vector is often called the final bill of goods. For the Netherlands, ten consecutive input-output tables are available for the years 1948-1957. From these tables most data needed to make the primary demand predictions are derived. The mean square prediction errors resulting from the four different prediction procedures are shown and it concludes that mean square prediction errors increase, in general, with increasing time span. Gross profits are predicted better than imports and wages.

The article deals with the recent widespread increase in marriage rates in the Western world. A convenient method of studying aspects of the recent history of marriage is provided by easily available data regarding the proportion of single persons at various dates. The article uses these data to disentangle two effects in the marriage boom: the extent to which the cohorts whose marriages have formed the main contribution to the marriage boom are marrying more, i.e. whether the proportion who will ultimately remain single is likely to be lower than in previous generations, the extent to which the mean age at marriage of these generations is likely to fall below that of their predecessors. The raw material for the computations to be presented consists of the proportions single at two recent dates for each of thirteen countries used in the study. The countries included in the study are Czechoslovakia, Denmark, England and Wales, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, Australia, New Zealand, and the U.S. The study from the proportion single shows that both reduction in the age at marriage and an increase in the proportion marrying at least once in the course of their lives is occurring in several countries.

This article presents information on various public announcements on dermatology. The joint meeting of The Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research will be held from May 17-19, 1972 in Amsterdam, the Netherlands. The purpose of this meeting is to serve as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research papers. The deadline for submission of abstracts will be November 30, 1971. The Fifth Annual Meeting of the Carmel Skin Club will be held on February 4, 1972 in California.

The need for systematic research into African problems was, in the Netherlands as elsewhere, increasingly felt after World War II, when the non- industrial world began to grow in importance. As a result, the interdisciplinary Africa Study Centre was founded in Leiden in 1947; it became a national foundation in 1958. The aims of the Study Centre are: (a) to promote the study of Africa, especially in the field of the humanities; (b) to promote the co-operation of all Dutch institutions engaged in the study of Africa; and (c) to promote the spread of academic knowledge about Africa. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article presents international marketing abstracts. They include "New Era Opens for Public Relations Abroad," by Sylvan M. Barnet, Jr., "The International Store Keeper," by Stanley C. Hollander, and "Radio and Television in the Netherlands."

The article presents a profile of the authors who contributed their research papers to the January 1971 issue of the journal "Sociologia Neerlandica." Jenny De Jong-Gierveld, who contributed the introductory paper in this journal, is a graduate from the Free University, Amsterdam, the Netherlands. She obtained her doctorate from the faculty of social sciences of that university in 1969 for a dissertation. Her special fields of interest are research and policy-making in respect of persons living alone, and of the unmarried in particular, and methods and techniques of social science research. Another author, Willem Zweers, graduated from the University of Utrecht in 1963. His field of interest includes the sociology of art, culture, knowledge and scientific research, and is at present writing a doctoral dissertation on the problems of communication in modern art. A.D. Nooij, another author who contributed his paper, is a graduate from the University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. His interests include sociological research methods and the sociological background of agricultural policy.

The International Sociological Association is holding its Third Congress in Amsterdam, Netherlands, August 22-29, 1956. The general topic is "Problems of Change in the Twentieth Century." Between 400 and 500 scholars are expected to attend. For the first time there will be a substantial number from Russia and Eastern Europe. Some 20 United States sociologists are on the program. A grant from the Ford Foundation to the International Sociological Association of $10,000 to be used for travel expenses to those contributing leading papers is making possible representation from many parts of the world. The Netherlands government and the City of Amsterdam are being most generous. They have made available a meeting place and are extending lavish hospitality.

Presents several books on economic policy of Netherlands. "Dimensional Analysis for Economists," by De Jong F. J.; "The Theory of Quatitative Economic Policy With Applications to Economic Growth and Stabilization," by Fox K. A., Sengupta J. K. and Thorbecke E.; "Business Cycles and Manufacturers' Short-term Production Decisions," by Moriguchi C.; Others.

The Society for Investigative Dermatology and the European Society for Dermatological Research are holding a joint meeting from May 17-19, 1972 in Amsterdam, Netherlands. The purpose of this meeting will be to serve as a forum for the presentation of original dermatological research papers. All the presentations in the meeting are required to be in English. Also, the Aspen Conference for Dermatologists, being sponsored by the Rocky Mountain Dermatological Society will be held on July 22, 1971.

Presents updates on sociological studies as of October 1951. Appointment of the Reverend Raymond E. Bernard at the magazine "Social Order"; Details of the Third International Conference on the Sociology of Religion held in Breda, the Netherlands in March; Information on the visit of several Japanese religious leaders to Loyola University in the U.S.

Comments on the article entitled "Levels of Planning in the Netherlands," published in the December 1968 issue of the "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Inaccuracies of the article; Inconsistency in the spelling of the names of places; Views on the change in Dutch economy.

Examines the relationship between aggregate supply of output and price level in Netherlands. Interaction of demand and supply of labor; Keynesian nature of the labor supply; Illustrations of well-known international trade models.

Presents a theoretical and empirical analysis of the monetary sector in Netherlands. Demand of the public on currency and deposits; Behavior of the banking system; Impact of changes in the monetary instruments on the endogenous financial variables.

This article discusses the Navigation Acts laid upon the North American colonies in the decade preceding the outbreak of the Revolution and continental tobacco market in the eighteenth century. The counterfactual situation proposed is that in 1770 no laws influenced the flow of goods from the U.S. to the prospective markets. Tobacco could have been shipped directly to continental ports. A decrease in transportation costs would have resulted in bigger sales which per unit would have brought higher incomes to the suppliers, presumably growers and merchants alike. It is assumed that the continental tobacco market theoretically can be represented by an equilibrium model which is based on unitary elasticity. The two poles of this framework are the markets of Philadelphia and Amsterdam, thought to be representative for the situation on both sides of the Atlantic. Assuming the ratio of prices in Philadelphia and Amsterdam to have been roughly the same in 1790 and in the counterfactual situation of 1770, the counterfactual Amsterdam price and quantity sold can be estimated.

The article presents the results of the pollen analysis of cores of some small bogs in the valley of Dommel River in north Brabant, Netherlands. According to the author, the aim of the pollen analysis is to detect whether an extralocal effect of upland pollen types would be revealed and to what extend the pollen assemblages would differ from those of the Peel raised bogs. The author adds that the sampling point is close to the upland and in the pollen spectra, the pollen types reflect the pollen deposition from the stands surrounding the basin.

A modified Martian class theory is applied in an analysis of changes in the market situation of the Dutch student, as well as in his work and status situations during recent decades. On the basis of this analysis, five hypotheses are formulated as regards the determinants of student support for the union movement in Dutch universities. These hypotheses are tested; the analysis of results of local student-council elections and a secondary analysis of survey data corroborate these hypotheses. Student unionism appears to flourish particularly among students who (1) are of middle- or lower-class origin, (2) receive government assistance, (3) attend the larger universities, (4) do not belong to the traditionally prestigious student associations, or (5) belong to but do not participate intensively in such associations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For some time now, planned settlement and development of areas has been advocated as a desirable substitute for the undirected and unregulated working out of social forces. Social planning assumes that people possess sufficient knowledge regarding social development to manipulate and control it, that it can be directed to the achievement of a preconceived social order, and that such an order will be better suited to man's needs than any society produced by uncontrolled growth. This article is an analysis of the controlled settlement of one planned area, the recently acquired Zuiderzee lands of the Netherlands. This experience of the Dutch planners suggests three conclusions of importance. First, there would seem to be patterns of relationship among individuals and institutions which are the normal fulfillment of any complex of circumstances present in a given area. Second, these normal patterns, after they become established in an area, are important factors in further social development. Third, the development of any community is directly related to the changing balance between economic activities and the size and composition of the population.

The article discusses reaction of a some rural families to a recently established community in a reclaimed area of Zuider Zee in the Netherlands. It also analyses some facts as the difference in the degree of satisfaction of wives of farm operators and agricultural laborers with community planning and housing, evidences of emergence of a social community and the success of planning of the village community. For the analysis, one village community of the Northest Polder is studied and the data were obtained by interviewing 122 housewives whose husbands were either farm operators or agricultural laborers and from various governmental officials who had assisted with the reclamation project. The wives of larger-farm operators were better educated, were more mobile, and had more community and extra community contacts than wives of smaller-farm operators and agricultural laborers. And they were better satisfied. There was no significant relationship between size of family, length of marriage, religious preference and occupational status. The results show that tenure is related to the degree to which families were satisfied with community planning and housing. As a whole, it can be concluded that community planning is getting success and a social community is emerging.

The article focuses on the Ambonese in the Netherlands, which is concerned with the processes whereby a group from a predominantly folk society in the tropics becomes integrated into a highly urbanized and industrialized social system. The article discusses the status-role changes that have been occurring among the Ambonese and the Dutch, related to changes in attitudes and self-images, and their association with such variables as age, sex, intermarriage, language, etc. The article points out the alterations occurring in the internal structure and external relationship of the Ambones minority. Factors that are favoring Urbanization and Integration of Ambonese in the Netherlands, are: employment and work roles, education, religion and intermarriage. Nationalism and political conflicts, community and group relations are some factors which are not favoring the integration of Ambonese. As the group becomes more and more detached from their cultural background in the inevitable passage of time it may be anticipated that they will become increasingly adjusted to the norms of western society.

The article discusses the information approach to the aggregation of input-output tables. The objective of the present article is to present the information decomposition for the general case of n sectors aggregated to G groups of sectors, to apply the result to the annual postwar input-output tables of the Netherlands, to formulate and apply an approach for partial desegregation, and to relate the information criterion to the classical input-output problem of predicting intermediate and primary demand. In a recent publication by the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences, economist Jiri Skolka suggested information measures for the value of input-output tables as well as an information criterion for the aggregation of such tables. When sectors are combined to groups of sectors, a smaller input-output table is the result, the information value of which to be defined appropriately is always less than or equal to that of the original tables. The information reduction can be decomposed into various terms, some of which were given an economic interpretation by Skolka.

The article profiles Christian Democrat Abraham Kuyper. He studied in the University of Leyden which was the center of modern theology in the Netherlands. He was influenced by the works of Groen van Prinsterer and later joined with the anti-revolutionaries in 1869. Furthermore, Kuyper became prime minister of the Netherlands from 1901-1905 wherein he criticized liberalism and played an important role in the development of modern Calvinism.

Presents an approach measuring the change in the quality of commodities in Netherlands. Income elasticity demand for quality; Application of the method to the annual changes of commodities from 1922 to 1963; Analysis on the decomposition of quality change between and within commodity groups.

Reports on the supply and controllability of money in an open economy in Netherlands. Extension of the multiplier approach to money supply processes; Role of the Dutch banking system on the Dutch money supply process; Impact multiplier of money with respect to the open market policy variable.

Focuses on the measurement of a just distribution of income in the Netherlands. Proposal of a method for cardinal theory of utility or welfare; Characterization of measured differences between individuals; Equality of coefficient; Definition of distribution as equality of values.