Search

Focuses on the historical significance of the "Sunday Advertiser" in London, England. Entrance of the newspaper into the weekend market of journalism; The role of Elizabeth Johnson in the pioneering of English Sunday papers; The activities of the Friendly Society of Licensed Victuallers in opening a school and funding it with a newspaper; Discussion of content and circulation of the "Sunday Advertiser" in the early 19th century; Management of operating costs and profits; The committee system of management; Sale of the newspaper to William J. Clement.

The article discusses the highlights of the 50th Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botany Lecture Room at the University of London in England on January 3, 1969. The minutes of the 49th Annual General Meeting were taken as read, approved and signed. The report of the Honorary Secretaries was presented for discussion of the members present.

Information about several papers discussed in the 9th and 10th of the Pugwash Conferences in Science and World Affairs which were held in Cambridge on August 25-30, and in London, England on September 3-7, 1962. The conference gathered 60 scientists from 18 countries. The papers presented by Western scientists and the statements emanating from the conferences have shown no evidence of partisan inspiration.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society held in London, England from April 3-4, 1951 is presented. Topics include the ecology of Hydropsychideae, or Tricoptera, the localization of Cladocera in lakes and ponds and the relationship between the natural habitat preferences of a particular animal and the choice of alternative ones' in towns. A topic on nature conservation was also discussed.

This article focuses on a study designed to determine effects of television on the reading of newspapers and magazines in London, England. According to the author, the methodological problem involved in this and similar studies of the effects of mass communication is that there was no available alternative to an ex post facto "experimental" design in which respondents themselves selected whether they were to be viewers or non-viewers. Moreover, since respondents could not be randomly assigned to the two conditions by the investigator, differences between the two groups on the dependent variable, frequency of newspaper reading, could be attributed either to the effects of television or to initial differences between the two groups. With regard to all these observations, it can be concluded that television may have had the effect of increasing the reading and buying of papers of popular press with their lighter, shorter material and of decreasing the reading and buying of the more serious papers.

This article presents the author's reply to Edwin B. Parker on his observations regarding the study conducted by the author towards the effects of television on magazine and newspaper reading in London, England. According to the author, while the process of matching in terms of the correlates of both dependent and independent variables has been used before, Parker has suggested, under the term "covariance procedure," a more formal and systematic use of the technique, a distinct contribution, practical development of which is more than likely. In addition to this, Parker is quite right in reminding a basic weakness in the use of matching as a means of isolating effects. One can and must build checks into the matching process but in the end some degree of doubt must remain about the efficiency of the matching achieved. If Parker had argued from this position in presenting his covariance method as a means of reducing uncertainty, there would have been no point of difference between him and the author.

The article highlights a joint meeting of the British Ecological Society's Tropical Ecology Group with the Royal Entomological Society, held at Imperial College in London, England on March 30, 1962. The meeting opened with a paper by P. M. Symmons who spoke on the effect of climate and weather on numbers of the red locust in its outbreak areas. J. P. Glasgow then spoke on the interrelations of tsetse with their habitat. The last paper in the morning session was by Gordon Surtees on the factors limiting mosquito distribution.

The article discusses the highlights of the autumn meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany at Bedford College in London, England on September 19 and 20, 1955. Several papers dealing with various aspects of the ecology of Calluna vulgaris were presented on the 19th, including a paper on experimental work to determine the effect of grazing wether sheep on enclosed areas of Calluneta. A discussion of the effects of burning heather is provided.

The article reports on the highlights of the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society that was held in London, England on April 2-3, 1954. A. R. Clapham, a professor and president of the British Ecological Society, commenced the morning session on April 2, 1954. Several research papers were presented during the meeting, including those from Dr. Eville Gorham, Professor W. H. Pearsall and J. Brereton. On behalf of the Honorary Treasurer, the auditors' account was discussed by E. D. Le Cren during the meeting.

Information about several papers discussed at the Easter Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in Burlington House in London, England on April 7-8, 1952 is presented. Topics include the impact of rabbit to the agriculture in West Wales discussed by Prof. A. N. Worden and Ms. Winifred M. Phillips, the physiology of plants and plant ecology. Furthermore, the meeting was headed by Dr. C. B. Williams, president of the society and was attended by nearly one hundred members.

The article discusses the proceedings of the Royal Society and British Academy held in London, England. Observations about several papers discussed at a symposium on the process of extracting information on prehistoric man's knowledge of astronomy and mathematics, with a subtitle of "The Unwritten Evidence" is presented. The symposium featured several notable people including R. J. K. Atkinson and Fred Hoyle.

Information about the Winter and Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Science Lecture Theatre of Goldsmith College in London, England on January 3-5, 1966 is presented. Various papers regarding ecology were discussed in the event. Also, exhibits were conducted which showcased ecological dynamics.

Information about several papers discussed at the British Ecological Society's symposium on ash as a forest tree in the British Isles on February 25, 1950 at the University College in London, England is presented. E. W. Jones iniated a discussion titled "Some features of the biology of ash," differentiating the F. excelsior tree from other British trees. A. H. Popert gave a lecture titled "Sylviculture of ash in Great Britain." Other speakers included W. B. Turrill, Arthur Tansley and J. Chear.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London on January 6-7, 1949 and its thirty-fourth annual meeting held at Bristol University in London on January 9, 1948 are presented. Various woods and rare plants in Great Britain were discussed in the 1949 event accompanied by exhibits of various photographs of species while the 1948 meeting was about hydrography and ecology.

Information about several papers discussed at the Annual General Meeting of the British Ecological Society held in the Department of Botany, University College in London, England on January 11, 1947. It was attended by Dr. A. S. Watt, chairman of the society, and approximately 100 members of the organization. During the event, the minutes of the previous meeting were presented and signed by the officers.

The article focuses on the London, England sugar merchants of the eighteenth century. Like many other spheres of economic life in the eighteenth century, the sugar trade has left comparatively few records for the historian to evaluate. The excellent history of the Pinney family by professor Richard Pares discusses much about the organization of the Bristol sugar market. Information about London sugar merchants is restricted very largely to the letter and account books of Messrs Lascelles and Maxwell covering the years 1740 to 1769 but unfortunately only one of the letter books survived the blitz. Nevertheless, Pares was able to work upon the manuscripts prior to their destruction and record some of results of his investigations before his premature death in 1958. The discovery of the Mills family papers has opened the way to a fresh look at the London sugar trade in the eighteenth century. Tobits Wall of Abchurch Lane, London, England originally owned the London sugarhouse. Upon his death in 1744, Wall left the business to his nephew, Mathew Mills and although the London directories for the years 1746 to 1748 are missing, the firm appears in the London directory of 1749 as Mathew and John Mills of New Broad Street.

The article presents information on the 21st annual general meeting of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education held at King's College in London, England, on December 15, 1972. The new Chairman of the Conference, J.R. Webster, of the of the University College of North Wales, Bangor, was elected at the beginning of the business meeting and took the chair throughout the day. Margaret Sutherland, of the University of Leeds, and S.J. Eggleston, of the University of Keele, were elected to the Editorial Board. The meeting endorsed the change of Publisher that had been negotiated by the General Purposes Committee during the summer, from Messrs. Faber and Faber to Messrs. Basil Blackwell of Oxford, to begin with this first Number of Volume XXI. The afternoon session was a private meeting devoted to discussing the future function of the Standing Conference in the light of the James Report and the White Paper. The morning session, however, following the business meeting, was a public session to which representatives not only of the universities and colleges of education were invited as normally, but also of the polytechnics.

The article reports on the annual meeting of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education. The meeting took place on December 16, 1966, at the Institute of Education of the University of London in England, with chairman Professor Roger Wilson presiding. At the end of the business meeting the Conference turned to a discussion of "The Implications of Comprehensive Secondary Education." In the morning session professor Philip Taylor opened with a paper on "The Implications for the Schools." The opening paper in the afternoon, on "The Implications for Departments and Colleges of Education," was given by professor William Taylor. Professor Philip argued that if comprehensive schools are to share in the development of young people they will need to show that they can add something significant which cannot be obtained outside school. Schools offer training in the way of abstracted culture. These have a limited appeal in terms of social and moral explorations--they relate to abstractedness and not to a personal self.

This article discusses a study on social status and clique formation among grammar school boys in London, England. This paper reports on another aspect of the inquiry into the effects of social class at adolescence, which has been carried out at the London School of Economics and Political Science in England under the direction of Doctor H. T. Himmelweit. Within the broad framework of the research project, an important place was allotted to problems of peer group selection. Moreover, the paper is based on information from three sources: a choice of friend questionnaire, a sociometric questionnaire and an open-ended question on the attributes of a good friend. The most interesting conclusion which has emerged from these data points to an important difference between this country and the U.S. In both countries, the adolescent's value system largely determines his friendship choices. In England, it has been shown that similar class stereotypes may be found and it is quite possibly true that such friendship criteria as are embodied in the choice of a friend questionnaire reflect parental values. It could also be argued, that the working class boys in the grammar school are exceptional, in that they come from homes where middle class values are prevalent. In England, it may be said in general that by having secondary grammar and secondary modern schools, the working class pupils are divided into those who will be given an opportunity for social ascent and those who will not. England deliberately segregates the new recruits to the higher social levels and gives them more advanced training in separate schools. Under these conditions, several factors combine to give the working class boy those attitudes, interests and motives which are concomitant with his future social position.

This article provides a summary of the paper "Adaptations of Animals to Life in Tropical Swaps" presented by L. C. Beadle at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The paper defines a swamp as a stretch of shallow and slow-flowing water in which the conditions are dominated by the effects of closely-packed emergent vegetation. It discusses the possible conditions in swamps that might be expected seriously to affect aquatic animals.

This article provides information on the biennial conference of the British Sociological Association at Queen Elizabeth College in London, England on March 22 to 24, 1957. The theme Sociology in Retrospect and Prospect was an appropriate one in view of the increasingly felt need to undertake a systematic re-assessment and clarification of the main issues involved in sociological theory and practice. A large theme of this nature could not be pursued in exhaustive detail, but the papers in both the plenary and the group sessions were such as to stimulate much thought, and the degree of interest shown in the conference was such as to suggest that this theme was one of central concern to all. The attendance was greater than had been anticipated. Although not central to the theme of the conference, perhaps one of the most significant facts about it was that it became the basis for a consciously contrived effort to begin and foster co-operative relations between the British Association and the American Sociological Society. Another encouraging feature was that 39 students were sufficiently interested to become student members of the association. The executive officers were very helpful throughout, and finally it proved possible to send over a small delegation.

This article introduces the summaries of papers presented at the Spring Meeting of the Tropical Group of the British Ecological Society held at the University College in London, England, on April 24, 1969. The African papers concentrated mainly on conditions in freshwater swamps. The South American papers were more general. The summaries of the main contributions are grouped according to continent.

The article presents information about the annual meetings of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education at the College of Preceptors in London, England, on December 8, 1961. At the end of the business meeting the Conference turned to a discussion of "The Value of Comparative Studies in the Training of Teachers". The morning session was opened by Vernon Mallinson, Reader in Education in the University of Reading, in a paper on "The Case for the Teaching of Comparative Education." The afternoon session was opened by J. A. Lauwerys, Professor of Comparative Education in the University of London, who spoke on "Methods and Techniques in Comparative Education." Vernon Mallinson began by clearly defining what Comparative Education comprises. He tried to show that the mere study of foreign systems of education provided no real discipline for the student and was but the descriptive side of the task. Considering the student as a future member of the teaching community, Mallinson found him far too parochial in outlook, and that the proper study of Comparative Education both killed this and also globally situated the student by deepening his understanding of pedagogic problems and by showing how different countries must deal differently with common educational problems.

This article focuses on the Layfield report on Greater London Development Plan, plan that requires local authorities to state their objectives, present alternative strategies for their future development and evaluate the alternative strategies for their future development. Begun when the Greater London Council (GLC) was formed, its origins ante-dated the 1968 Town and Country Planning Act. GLDP is an attempt to define planning objectives and to evaluate a plan for London, England it was backed by many research papers and studies and it was subjected to detailed examination by inquiry. Named the Layfield Inquiry after its chairman, the GLDP was the largest planning inquiry held in the country. The Inquiry accused the GLC of over-ambition for trying to argue as if it could alter population and employment trends when it had neither the statutory powers, nor the real power to do so; variable quality in the treatment of issues--so that, for example, it took much more seriously highway planning where it had responsibility than public transport where it had not (until it took over London Transport in 1970); no logical connection between facts and policies, or between objectives and policies; and describing objectives so vaguely that they were not operational.

Information about the papers discussed at the joint meeting of the British Ecological Society and the Association of Applied Biologists in London, England on March 11, 1960 is presented. Topics include the destruction of natural ecosystems, the monoculture of heather and its effects on hill grazings, and the effects of grass crop production on soil fertility. The event featured several ecology and biology experts including T. E. Williams, C. H. Gimingham and P. W. Richards.

Information about several papers discussed at the annual meeting sponsored by the British Ecological Society on fostering the study of ecology that was held at the Botanical Theatre in London, England on December 15, 1917 is presented. Topics include the method of demonstrating accretion on sandy and muddy foreshores by a layer of colored sand. The meeting featured several British ecologists including Mr. Wilmott, Mr. Fagg, and physician Salisbury.

The article focuses on the history of advertising in newspapers in London, England between 1650 and 1750. It may be approached from at least three directions. First, there is the history of advertising per se; in this respect subsequent general histories have made little advance on Henry Sampson's pioneering work published almost a century ago. Blanche B. Elliott in A History of English Advertising has covered fresh ground in her examination of the advertisement sheets in the late seventeenth century, but has barely touched upon the much larger subject of advertising in newspapers proper during the period under review. The historians have concentrated somewhat superficially on the evident humor, quaintness, and evocativeness of many of the advertisements and have almost entirely neglected any quantitative analysis. Secondly, advertising may be considered as part of the history of journalism, a legitimate approach when one appreciates that by 1750, 75% of space in some dailies was being devoted to advertisements. Thirdly, the advertisements may be studied as a source for literary, economic, and social history.

Offers a look at the work of the Crown Agents for Colonies, an office in London, England responsible for the business affairs of British overseas territories in the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Reorganization made to the office in 1858; Advantages and commissions given to Crown Agents; Number of loans issued since 1858; Other business interests.

The article presents information on a paper presented by journalist Walter James on educational research during the Standing Conference on Studies in Education which was held in London, England, on December 12, 1970. Over the years many educational researches, in short summary as news items, have announced themselves to James in the page proofs. Educational researchers and their critics have wrestled in the correspondence columns. There have been many articles recording the results of some kind or another of educational research. But if the nature of research in the two fields is so different, it does not seem to James to follow that in the natural sciences there should be so wide a field of agreement and in educational science. There are long-standing controversies and unsettled questions in the natural sciences. The steady state and big bang theories of the origins of the universe are a case in point. But if one looks at any one of the natural sciences he can see a broad area of knowledge and theory over which the great majority of scientists are agreed.

This article presents information on the annual general meeting of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education took place on December 15, 1968, in the Council Room at King's College London, England with Professor J.W. Tibble in the chair. At the Business Meeting it was recommended that Professor J. Kerr be invited to become Treasurer of the Conference in succession to Professor C.E. Gittins, and that L.K. Turner be elected to the Editorial Board in succession to the Reverend G.J.N. Whitfield. At the end of the Business Meeting the Conference turned to a discussion on Educational Research: Policy in Universities, Institutes, and Education Departments, and in Colleges of Education. Short papers were given as a basis for the afternoon discussion by Professor Stephen Wiseman from the National Foundation for Educational Research in England and Wales, Professor William Taylor of Department from Education and Science, Professor Jack Wrigley from Schools Council, David A. Walker from Scottish Council for Research in Education, Professor J. Tizard from Social Science Research Committee and Brian Young from Nuffield Foundation.

This article presents information on the annual meeting of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education that took place on December 14, 1962 at the University of London Institute of Education in London, England. At the end of the business meeting the Conference turned to a discussion of Future Patterns in the Training of Graduate Teachers, inaugurated by two papers: one by Professor J.P. Tuck from the standpoint of the University Departments of Education, the other by T.H. Simms, of Homerton College, Cambridge, from that of the Training Colleges. These two addresses are summarized below. Professor J.P. Tuck argued that the training of graduate teachers ought to be undertaken only by institutions which are inside the Universities. Schools which employ graduate tea!hers need as many links with the Universities as they can have. The standard of the professional studies of students is likely to be higher in the Universities. A successful association between training and educational research is more likely to arise in the Universities, and likewise association between lecturers in graduate and undergraduate courses.

The article presents information on the annual meeting of the Standing Conference on studies in education which was held in the Council Room of the College of Preceptors, in London, England. Professor Roger Wilson, of Bristol, was elected Chairman in succession to Professor A. V. Judges, as from next October. Professor Judges was elected Vice-Chairman. The offices of Secretary and Treasurer do not yet fall vacant under the Constitution. They continue to be held by Professor J. W. Tibble and Mr. Alan Milton respectively. Professors Eric Ashby, John Fulton and Geoffrey Crowther were invited by the Meeting to become members of the Standing Conference. After the business meeting of the conference devoted the rest of the day to a discussion on "The Training of Graduates for Teaching." Two papers had been circulated in advance as conference-documents: one by Professor Eaglesham on "Graduates in Training Colleges," the other by Professor Roger Wilson on "The Teaching Function of University Departments of Education."

This article highlights the first conference of the British Sociological Association held in London, England on March 27-29, 1953. The conference was attended by 233 persons of whom 125 were members of the Association. The theme was Social Policy and the Social Sciences. The conference opened with a plenary session which was addressed by Myrdal on the Relation Between Social Theory and Social Policy. For the second day the conference divided into three groups, each of which devoted its attention to a topic chosen to illustrate the general theme. The three topics chosen for group discussion were: health; design and planning of buildings, towns and countryside; needs and standards in the social services.

The article presents information on several research papers about immigration in specific geographic areas that appeared in various publications. The paper "Ethnology and the Peace of South Asia," by W. Connor studies the relevance of ethnology for international politics. The article "A Multivariate Analysis of the Internal Migratory Characteristics of the Towns of Hungary," by P. Compton deals with a statistical explanation using regression analysis of migration characteristics. The article "The Distribution and Concentration of Immigrants in London," by J. Doherty analyses the immigrant groups in London, England.

Information about several papers discussed at the Royal Meteorological Society held in London, England on May 15, 1946. In the absence of the president and vice-president, Dr. H. Godwin assumed as chairman of the organization. During the event, they discussed variations in climate including the greater incidence of frost in a narrow valley situated on the slopes of the Malverns.

The article discusses the highlights of a meeting of the Tropical Group held in the rooms of the Linnean Society in London, England, on November 4, 1964. The meeting discussed the pattern in dry tropical vegetation. Papers presented are "Pattern in Acacia-Capparis Semi-Desert Scrub in the Sudan," by P. Greig-Smith, "Termites and their Influence on Vegetation in the Drier Areas of Africa," by W. V. Harris, and "Vegetation Arcs in Somalia," by C. A. H. Hodge.

Information about several papers discussed at the meeting of the Council of the Royal Society held at the Royal Society in Burlington House in London, England on October 15, 1946. The event was arranged by Dr. H. Godwin in relation to the working conference on Quaternary History and Pollen-analysis organized through the British Council. Attendees discussed the need for facts in the form of discoveries of thermophilous plants in late-glacial or glacial deposits.

The article presents information about the annual meeting of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education, which was held in the Council Room of the College of Preceptors, in London, on December 16, 1961. It also includes the names of its committee members. On the recommendation of the Editorial Board, the Conference decided that the November 1961 issue of the British Journal of Educational Studies shall be a special issue, enlarged from 96 to 144 pages, and devoted to commemorating the work of a number of great British educators of this century. After the Business Meeting, the Conference devoted the rest of the day to a discussion on the training of graduate science teachers. The priorities in training will be different as between the two main types of student: the followers, who will need more emphasis on methodology, and the leaders, who will need more stress on theory. At the moment methodology is inadequately covered in many courses. The Education Departments should have more laboratories of their own, should visit more schools more often, should cultivate the device of schools linked to them, but at the same time should not separate their Arts and Science graduates more.

This article presents information about the proceedings of the annual meeting of the Standing Conference on Studies in Education, held on January 5, 1954, in the Council Room at King's College, London, England. College's Principal Peter Noble had welcomed the Conference members. Conference secretary J.W. Tibble had presented a report on the work of the Conference Committee during the year. After that, executive editor of the "British Journal of Educational Studies" A.C.F. Beales reported on the journal. He recalled the policy which had decided the form and make-up of the journal originally, and also the suggestions made during discussion at the previous annual meeting. The Editorial Board felt that the spread of the main articles in this year's issue was better balanced than in the past, and that the contents of the journal were still avoiding successfully any overlap into the fields for which other specialist journals already existed. In the course of discussion on the report several positive suggestions for future contents were offered for the Editorial Board's consideration. A revised draft of the Standing Conference, previously circulated, was then considered in conference, amended, and adopted.

Information on several papers discussed at the Easter meeting of the British Ecological Society on April 6, 1940 in London, England is presented. Topics include the factors that differentiate marsh, fen and bog. Papers on water relations of raised-bog and blanket-bog, connemara bogs and habitat selection in Corixid bugs were read. The symposium featured notable persons including H. Godwin, T. T. Macan and D. Lack.

Information about the meeting of the British Ecological Society held at the Botanical Department, University College, in London, England on June 7, 1947 is presented. It featured the paper of Prof. Hugo Osvald of the Institute of Plant Husbandry of the University of Uppsala, Sweden entitled "Toxic exudates from the roots of Agropyron repens (Couch-grass)." A discussion regarding the paper which revolved around the general direction of the research upon weed is accounted.

The article presents information on the First World Conference on Medical Education was held in London, England in August 1953. The general theme was undergraduate medical education. No fewer than 32 countries contributed papers. Sectional discussions covered complex and various aspects of almost the whole field of medical education, including requirements for entry into medical schools, the aims and content of the curriculum, techniques and methods of medical education, and preventive and social medicine. As is common with conferences of this nature, what was sometimes really most valuable were the questions raised rather than the answers provided. For the historian of education Professor J.F. Fulton of Yale address on the History of Medical Education. In it he showed the supreme importance for medical education of an intimate teacher-pupil relationship, drawing his evidence from Sanskrit medical literature of 500 B.C. as well as from Plato, Hippocrates and Galen. After tracing the story through the Middle Ages to modern times he pays what is perhaps an overdue tribute to British Government-sponsored studies and reports.

Information about the annual general meeting of the British Ecological Society held on January 2-3, 1964 at the Belford College Department of Botany in London, England, is presented. Topics discussed include the description of the boundaries and productivity of spartina plants as well as the effects of fire on the nutrient content and developments of plants. The meeting was attended by several ecologists and professors which include J. B. Kenworthy, M. A. Turner and R. W. Edwards.

The article offers information about the annual meeting of the British Ecological Society at the University College in London, England, on January 5-6, 1939. Professor Tansley explained how pressure of work had made him unable to prepare a speech, and how the Council had made arrangements for it to be read at a meeting at Easter. Resignation of Mrs. Hand was accepted and Elflyn Hughes was elected as a new member of the society.

Information about the fifteenth Annual Meeting of the British Ecology Society held in the Botanical Department of the University College in London, England on January 5, 1929. The event includes the presentation of the report of the minutes in the January 14, 1928 annual meeting having been read and confirmed by the Honorable Secretary. The annual meeting featured Dr. E. J. Salisbury as the president of the society.