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The article examines the natural treatment of plant species succession, development and the climax, and their bases in the concept of the complex organism, the organism represented not by vegetation alone but by the biotic community wherein plants and animals are intimately integrated associates. Complex organism can be explained by discussing the related concepts of emergent evolution and holism. While emergent evolution pertains to a creative synthesis and emergence of properties, structures, forms, stages or levels, holism is the fundamental factor operative towards the creation of wholes in the Universe.