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Evaluates various papers focusing on social development in Asia. Land reforms and agrarian change in India; Examination of professional profiles and employment problems in selected countries; Analysis of the political sociology of the process of economic development; Agrarian framework for development.

The process of economic development of any country depends on the ratio of industrial activity to agricultural activity. When measured in terms of per capita income, economic development depends on a growing agricultural surplus. According to Jorgenson, "Both classical and neoclassical theories of development of a dual economy provide an explanation of the increase in the share of savings." The increase in the share of savings depends on a significant increasing agricultural surplus but not on the presence or absence of disguised unemployment. In a recent article by Bardhan and Bardhan, the price elasticity of marketed surplus food grains was estimated. The significance of neither the ratio of industrial output to the agricultural output nor the growing agricultural surplus in determining the savings ratio (S/Y) was established empirically. This paper attempts to investigate such a relationship in the Indian economy. I use annual time-series data for the period 1953-65. The conclusions of this study corroborate Jorgenson's hypotheses. Due to the significant presence of agricultural surplus, the industrial sector is viable. This has implications for disguised unemployment in Indian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent literature it has been generally asserted that key sectors play an important role in initiating the process of economic development and diversification of the industrial structure of the economy and that a substantial part of investment should be made in the key sectors. The paper attempts to identify key sectors in the Indian Economy, empirically with the help of two alternative methods both based on the Leontief open static model. In this paper final demand of a particular sector as a proportion of the total final demand, has been used, as the weight to bring out the relative importance of a particular sector in the national economy. Several weights can be applied for bringing out the relative importance of the various sectors in the national economy. The selection of weights depends on the objective function of the planner. It should also be noted here that if the objective function of the planner is to maximize the short-term rate of growth then the appropriate matrix to analyze capital coefficient matrix.

In this paper, education is treated as a form of investment. No attempt is made to measure the contribution of education to economic growth. Internal rates of return to investment in education in India for the year 1960-61 are estimated and compared with Professor A. C. Harberger's estimate of the rates of return to physical capital, "Net" education capital formation during the period 1950-51 to 1960-61 is also estimated at 1960-61 prices and compared with physical capital formation during the same period. The study indicates that education is not an attractive form of investment when compared with physical capital. Within the educational system, primary education is the most attractive and collegiate nonprofessional education the least attractive form of investment. The study suggests diversion of resources in favor of physical capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents three methods for mapping levels of economic development and applies each to the case of India. First, to provide a substantive addition to knowledge about the economic geography of India; second, to demonstrate that even within nations generally recognized simply as "underdeveloped" one can meaningfully map differential sub-levels of development; and third, to stimulate critical discussion of the various methods by which maps of economic development can be made. The chief statistical problem is how best to combine the several series of individual indices into a single set of areal ratings.

For the past fifteen years, comparisons of the economic organization and development of India and Communist China have had a strong fascination for analysts in many parts of the world. The similarities of the economic structures of and problems faced by the two most populous nations on earth and the sharp contrast offered by their economic doctrines have been grist for numerous articles in many languages. The functions of this paper are to: briefly review the years 1950-57 so as to take into account recent scholarship by others; evaluate selected major developments since 1957; and offer some conclusions on the subject of Indian vis-a-vis Mainland Chinese economic progress since 1950. The performance of China's economy and particularly her industrial growth rate vis-a-vis that of India since 1950 has been grossly exaggerated. This is as true of 1957 and earlier years as it is of "The Great Leap Forward" and the subsequent period of distress. The extent of the exaggeration over the last fourteen years and the extent of whatever differences in performance may actually exist are impossible to determine, at present, given the statistical impasse which prevails. In both cases, the statistical association between the amount and kind of foreign aid received on one hand and the industrial progress registered on the other was self-evidently very high.

Presents several abstracts related to Indian economy, published in the January 1963 issue of the journal 'The Indian Economic Journal.' Reflections of the teaching of economics in India; Wieser's theory of the simple economy; Inflation and economic development in India.

Presents information related to several abstracts on economics published in the April 1962 issue of the journal 'The Indian Economic Journal.' Applicability and limitations of economic development theory; Tax resources in the third plan in India; Economic growth and price level in the American economy; Co-operative farming, investment and organizational problems in agriculture.

.Focuses on the various aspects of urbanization in India. Growth of towns and cities across the country brought about by the increased number of populations; Problems with socioeconomic conditions in the country; Social implications of industrialization and urbanization.

The study deals with some of the problems that American Multinational Corporations face in transferring management know-how to the developing area. The analysis shows that certain variables such as ownership, company size, nature of the technology, and product market characteristics seem to have an influential bearing on the management transfer process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing the amount of family planning in less-developed countries is crucial to their economic development and is basically a marketing job. Much important marketing research has been done in this area; its history is described here. But much more needs to be done. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article focuses on the dual role of the TLA: as a trade union, and as a leader in the national struggle to control the "protest" movement. The following is a brief history of the development of the TLA which serves as a background for its present ideology and its current national role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The attempt to superimpose western industrial organization upon less-developed societies has been only partially successful. The cultural values which eased the introduction and development of industrial capitalism in the West are usually quite different in nonwestern societies, and it is now recognized that industrialization in such societies will develop as some sort of a mutation rather than along western lines. The critical variables that affect economic development include family structure, religious systems, governmental forms, the structure of class and power in a given society, educational and shill level of the masses, and so on. In some societies unique barriers to industrialization and economic change exist. The caste system of india, with which the following analysis deals, provides a striking example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a comprehensive look at big business and marketing in India, stressing the social and economic differences between East and West. India's passion for education, research, and modernization as well as her yearning for the past have conflicting influences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article investigates the relationship between the levels of educational and economic development in India during the period 1950-1951 to 1970-1971. It examines the existence of a direct and significant relationship between the growth of education at the primary, secondary and tertiary levels and economic development, as measure by the per capita income at current prices. If the study shows positive results, it is again analyzed whether this should be interpreted as education-income relationship or as income-education effect.

No national use of evaluation has been more loaded with responsibility, more ambitiously organized, or more intensively conducted than the work of the Program Evaluation Organization (PEO) established by the Planning Commission of India in 1952 to have surveillance over that country's wide-flung community development operations. This has been and still is a battle-test of evaluation in an urgent and fast-changing national program of social and economic development. An early formulation of the objectives of the PEO specified the purposes as follows: to help determine progress or accomplishments against what was intended, to provide guidance, to study nonadopters and nonadoption, to check teaching procedures, to provide evidence of the value of the work, to provide guides for training personnel, and to give villages some evidence and sense. It is clear that PEO in India has marked its first five years by survival; successful and useful prosecution of numerous studies; accumulation of a creditable series of reports; and manifest influence on the policy, program, and methods of community development.

The article discusses problems of economic growth in the poorer nations that became a major foreign policy concern of the wealthy and powerful nations of the world. The relative progress in the development of the two countries, India and China, is of great significance. There were strong parallels in their preplan structure and strong contrasts between China's totalitarian and India's democratic programs. Their performance relative to one another may influence the programs adopted by other, now less advanced, countries. It will certainly bear upon the United States and Soviet foreign policies. Furthermore, the record of the course of development in these two lands provides a unique opportunity for examining the process of development as such. Structural unemployment, underutilized resources, overurbanization, nonmonetized savings and investment flows-these are illustrative of the types of problems that must be understood and treated if there are to be steady output gains in most of today's underdeveloped areas.

This article presents a study which examined growth patterns across the regions of India by utilizing data from its economy. It has been possible to identify growth patterns among the different regions in India using the same analytical framework as applied to the study of growth patterns using international cross-section data. Interregional growth patterns display the same qualitative characteristics as international growth patterns. While the normal equations estimated in this study provide a satisfactory explanation for the changing structure of production and over time prediction, more satisfactory normal equations should be estimated. This, of course, means using additional explanatory variables, particularly those relating to the role of capital formation and interregional trade. A combination of cross-section and time series data is a meaningful way to study growth patterns. More work needs to be done based on time series data. The importance of size classification of the states is firmly established. This is in conformity with the findings from the use of international cross-section data. It is clear that even within the same country the size of different states cannot be ignored.

The article discusses economic aspects relating to China and India from 1952-1970, as well as the stability of their newly industrialized governments. The article focuses on the two countries' growth in terms of their foodgrains output, industrial production, and national income. Also included is an appendix on the comparison of the estimated growth rate with alternative estimates, as well as a summary of the findings. The article lists the tables, charts, and indexes that are included for easy reference.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the pattern of industrial expansion in the major Indian manufacturing regions and to describe changes in the locational pattern of six principal industries during 1950s. The study involves a comparison, on a distinct basis, of the number of persons employed in manufacturing in 1950 with the persons employed in 1960. The year 1950 preceded the launching of India's first Five Year Plan of economic development and 1960 is the latest year for which industrial employment data are available.