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2. Discussion on the Preceding Papers
- Author
-
Smith, J. E., Heap, J. A., Holdgate, M. W., Hay, J. E., Greene, S. W., Rose, A. H., Allen, S. E., Heywood, R. B., Heal, O. W., Hart, T. J., Fogg, G. E., Ashwood-Smith, M., and Tilbrook, P. J.
- Published
- 1967
3. Geographical Publications (Reviews and Titles of Books, Papers, and Maps)
- Published
- 1917
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Following small group discussions on Papers 10, 11, and 12, general discussion proceeded as follows
- Published
- 1973
5. PAPERS AND ABSTRACTS OF THE BERKELEY MEETING, JUNE, 1934
- Author
-
Krick, Irving P., Eaton, E. C., McEwen, George F., and Grunsky, C. E.
- Published
- 1934
6. Letters to the Editor
- Author
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Lamb, H. H., Schove, D. J., and Manley, Gordon
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. A Workshop for Facilitating Teacher-Student Communication
- Author
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Wittmer, Joe and Loesch, Larry
- Published
- 1974
8. EVIDENCE FROM HEPATICS ON THE HISTORY OF THE BRITISH FLORA.
- Author
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GREIG-SMITH, P.
- Subjects
HISTORY of botany ,LIVERWORTS ,PLANT classification ,PLANT species ,PLANT species diversity ,PLANT diversity ,GLACIAL climates ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article discusses the study which assesses the evidence from British hepatics with discontinuous distribution outside the British Isles in relation to the history of the British flora. In this paper, British hepatics showing disjunction in their world distribution are classified in six groups including mediterranean element, disjunct-temperate element and the American element. It is concluded that the hepatics considered do not form a homogeneous group and their distribution patterns all appear to be explicable in terms of post-glacial climatic change without invoking in situ survival through glaciation.
- Published
- 1950
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. STUDIES ON THE VEGETATION OF NOTTINGHAMSHIRE.
- Author
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Hopkinson, J. W.
- Subjects
PLANT ecology ,PLANT communities ,VEGETATION dynamics ,CLIMATE change ,BOTANY ,GEOLOGY - Abstract
The article presents studies on the vegetation of Nottinghamshire, England. This paper explored the geological structure of the ecology of the Bunter Sandstone and superficial deposits. Different conditions were also taken into account including the climatic and edaphic focusing on the flora of the Sherwood forest. Different plant communities were subjected for thorough investigation recording the botanical information and general account of vegetation. The result of the experiment is discussed in brief.
- Published
- 1927
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. PERIODICAL LITERATURE: Medieval.
- Author
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Wolff, Philippe and Duby, Georges
- Subjects
SOCIAL history ,PEASANTS ,ARISTOCRACY (Social class) ,VIOLENT deaths ,CLIMATE change ,MILITARY invasion ,MIDDLE Ages - Abstract
The article presents information about several papers on social history of the Medieval period. Bringing together from the Pergamenos collection of the Archives of the Crown of Aragon 91 documents concerning the Vivas family of Provençals, a neighboring village to Barcelona, Spain between the years 986 and 1084, M. Pierre Bonnassie has been able to follow, with a precise detail very rare for this period and with a considerable insight, the rise of a well-to-do peasant family entering the ranks of the aristocracy. M. Georges Duby, for his part, has studied "Au Xlle siècle: les "jeunes" dans la société aristocratique." He shows that the fate of this horde abandoned to the conquest of glory, profit and female prey by noble houses wishing to relieve the excess of their expansive power, a group very prone to violent death, is not without interest for economic history. In his paper, Mile Emilienne Demougeot has tried to trace a relation between climatic variations and invasions, those invasions at least which occurred in the West up to that of the Cimbrians, Teutons and Goths, at the end of the second century B.C.
- Published
- 1965
11. REFRACTIVE INDEX DETERMINATIONS OF GLASS FRAGMENTS.
- Author
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Davis, John E.
- Subjects
REFRACTIVE index ,DISPERSION (Chemistry) ,CLIMATE change ,OPTICS ,FORENSIC sciences - Abstract
This article describes a chromatic dispersion procedure for refractive index determinations on glass fragments. Chromatic dispersion represents the difference between the refractive indices of a given substance for light of different wave lengths. The value for the chromatic dispersion of a material depends upon temperature and the nature of the substance. In the absence of special equipment it is not a simple matter to accurately determine the dispersion of a substance, it is still more difficult to determine the change in value with a change in temperature. Although temperature changes will affect the color halo, tests indicate that work performed at room temperature in a non-temperature-controlled cell is as satisfactory as that performed under constant temperature conditions. Although a number of temperature-variation devices have been described in the literature on immersion techniques, it appears that they are not too generally utilized in criminalistics laboratories. Since preparation of the earlier paper on this subject, the writer has constructed a unit for this work which may be of interest. It is designed for use in connection with the procedure previously described, and will be found a most useful accessory to anyone doing refractive index work by that method.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. VEGETATION OF THE OLOKEMEJI FOREST RESERVE, NIGERIA: THE CLIMATE WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO ITS SEASONAL CHANGES.
- Author
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Hopkins, Brian
- Subjects
VEGETATION & climate ,BIOCLIMATOLOGY ,CLIMATE change ,VEGETATION dynamics ,FOREST microclimatology ,FOREST reserves ,FOREST conservation ,NATIONAL parks & reserves - Abstract
The article describes the microclimates of the Olokemeji Forest Reserve as a prelude to studies on seasonal changes in the vegetation in Nigeria. This description is based on rainfall and temperature data from Olokemeji and for other climatic elements, on data from Ibadan. The mean length of dry periods is less than 4 days during the wet season and rises to over 50 days during the dry season. The results show that Olokemeji has a climate typical of it area of the country and of the forest/derived savanna boundary area in west Africa.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
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13. THE EARLY HISTORY OF MODERN PLANT ECOLOGY IN BRITAIN.
- Author
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Tansley, A. G.
- Subjects
PLANT ecology ,PLANT introduction ,ENVIRONMENTAL sciences ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,VEGETATION mapping ,CLIMATE change ,DYNAMIC climatology ,VEGETATION & climate - Abstract
The article discusses the evolution of modern plant ecology in Great Britain. According to the author, the foundations were laid earlier and the conceptions of plant formations were developed by famous phytogeographers as Humboldt and Grisebach in the first half of the century. Furthermore, its modern meaning was determined by the publication of Warming in 1895 on "Plantesamfund: Grundträk af den ökologiske Plantegeografi." It was translated into German and widely used in England and America which it played as an important part in stimulating fieldwork for both countries. In 1898, A. F. W. Schimper published "Pflanzengeographie auf physiologischer Grundlage," which focus on the types of vegetation throughout the world and discusses the climatic and edaphic factors.
- Published
- 1947
- Full Text
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14. CLIMATOLOGY: COMPLEX, DYNAMIC, AND SYNOPTIC.
- Author
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Court, Arnold
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,DYNAMIC climatology ,SYNOPTIC climatology ,CLIMATE change ,METHODOLOGY - Abstract
Examines the complexity and dynamics of climatology. Investigation of the three climatic methodologies; Distinction between dynamic and synoptic climatology; Description of climates.
- Published
- 1957
- Full Text
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15. THE CLIMATE OF CHINA ACCORDING TO THE NEW THORNTHWAITE CLASSIFICATION.
- Author
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Jen-Hu Chang
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,MAPS ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATIC classification ,DYNAMIC climatology ,TOPOCLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
Discusses the climatic maps of proper China and Manchuria according to the Thornthwaite 1948 classification. Formula for computing the potential evapotranspiration; Presentation of climatic conditions; Classes of maps presented by Thornthwaite.
- Published
- 1955
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Can We Control the Arctic Climate?
- Author
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Borisov, P. M.
- Subjects
PUBLISHED reprints ,CLIMATE change ,POPULATION density - Abstract
The article presents a reprint of the article "Can We Control the Arctic Climate," by P. M. Borisov, which appeared in the "Soviet" journal. It discusses the problems of the climatic changes in Russia and other places in the Arctic regions which are caused by the expanding populations. The author examines the efficacy of transporting Atlantic Ocean water across the Arctic Basin to improve the climate in the areas.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. Discussion on Geological Climates
- Author
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Simpson, G. C., Seward, A. C., Gregory, J. W., Mitchell, Peter, Brooks, C. E. P., Regan, C. Tate, and Thomas, Hamshaw
- Published
- 1930
18. Underfit Streams in Relation to Capture: A Reassessment of the Ideas of W. M. Davis
- Author
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Dury, G. H.
- Published
- 1963
- Full Text
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19. CLIMATIC CHANGE SINCE 1950.
- Author
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Kalnicky, Richard A.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,GLOBAL temperature changes ,ATMOSPHERIC temperature ,ATMOSPHERIC circulation ,WESTERLIES ,CLIMATOLOGY ,GEOGRAPHY - Abstract
The mean temperature for the Northern Hemisphere had a warming trend from 1890 to 1950 and a cooling trend since 1950. The eastern and central United States had colder temperatures in 1961–1970 than in 1931–1960. The temperature changes were associated with an adjustment of hemispheric circulation from more frequent zonal flow between 1900 to 1950 to more frequent meridional flow since 1950. Regional variations in magnitude and direction of the change were largely related to position in relation to the upper air westerly wave pattern. Time series of individual circulation indices tend to resemble the step function model of climatic change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. THE VEGETATION HISTORY FROM 6000 B.P. TO PRESENT OF WILSONS PROMONOTORY, VICTORIA, AUSTRALIA.
- Author
-
Hope, G. S.
- Subjects
POLLEN ,VEGETATION & climate ,CLIMATE change ,MOISTURE ,COMMUNITIES - Abstract
Pollen analysis of three sites on Wilsons Promontory provides a vegetation record from 6000 B.P. to the present day. No extensive changes in the vegetation have been found over this time period, but local and regional variations in the extent of communities may imply small climatic changes. Moister conditions than at present seem to have prevailed earlier than 4500 B.P., followed by a drier phase till less than 2000 B.P., when an increase in moisture gave conditions similar to those of today. Some evidence exists to support the theory of a relatively steady sea level close to the present level over the last 6000 years along the western Wilsons Promontory coastline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. THE ECOLOGY OF BECIUM HOMBLEI IN CENTRAL AFRICA WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO METALLIFEROUS SOILS.
- Author
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HOWARD-WILLIAMS, C.
- Subjects
LAMIACEAE ,FOREST plants ,COPPER in soils ,NICKEL in soils ,CALCIUM in soils ,CLIMATE change ,SOILS ,FORESTS & forestry - Abstract
The article reports on the Becium homblei as a plant with high copper soils in Central Africa. Becium homblei is a plant which endure soil copper concentrations of up to 15,000 ppm and endure soil nickel concentrations of about 5,000 ppm. It is found on areas where soil metals are abundant and soil bases specially calcium are low. It is limited by climatic boundaries such as soil pH, soil metal content, and soil calcium bases. It is also widely distributed in Central Africa due to biotype depletion caused by climatic change.
- Published
- 1970
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22. THE MEASUREMENT OF MICROCLIMATIC FACTORS UNDER A VEGETATION CANOPY--A REAPPRAISAL OF WILM'S METHOD.
- Author
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Rieley, J. O., Machin, D., and Morton, A.
- Subjects
METHODOLOGY ,CLIMATE change ,PRINCIPLE (Philosophy) ,CHEMICAL elements ,TEMPERATURE ,HUMIDITY ,STATISTICS ,REGRESSION analysis ,DATA analysis - Abstract
The article focuses on the utilization of Wilm's method to explain the underlying principles in the collection and statistical treatment of climatic data. It cites that the method is used to determine several chemical elements found in the throughfall data, such as the suspension of bryophyte ground layer in the gauges and approximation of the variance of temperature and humidity data. It also mentions that the changes in the utilization of the method are based on the consideration of the regression line in the data analysis. Further, information on the statistical techniques and methods of computation for the result is also included.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
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23. PROBLEMS OF MID-POST-GLACIAL POLLEN ZONATION IN PART OF NORTH-WEST ENGLAND.
- Author
-
Oldfield, F.
- Subjects
ECOLOGY ,GLACIAL climates ,PALYNOLOGY ,PINE ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article examines some problems of mid-Post-glacial ecology and chronology in the area south and east of the English Lake District in England. The post-glacial increase in pine pollen frequencies is discussed. The stratigraphical evidence for changes in water level during mid-Post-glacial times is detailed. Information on the radiocarbon evidence from Lonsdale is presented. A discussion is presented on the relation of pine maximum in Lonsdale to local habitat factors and the climatic implications of the pine maximum in Lonsdale.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. VEGETATION OF THE OLOKEMEJI FOREST RESERVE, NIGERIA: THE MICROCLIMATES WITH SPECIAL REFERENCE TO THEIR SEASONAL CHANGES.
- Author
-
Hopkins, Brian
- Subjects
FOREST reserves ,FOREST conservation ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,SAVANNAS ,GRASSLANDS ,FORESTS & forestry ,FOREST policy - Abstract
The article describes the microclimates of forest and savanna sites in the Olokemeji Forest Reserve in Nigeria. This description is based on rainfall and temperature data from Olokemeji and for other climatic elements, on data from Ibadan. The mean length of dry periods is less than 4 days during the wet season and rises to over 50 days during the dry season. The results show that Olokemeji has a climate typical of it area of the country and of the forest/derived savanna boundary area in west Africa.
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. AN ANALYSIS OF THE VEGETATION OF THE NORTHERN SLOPES OF PICO--THE AZORES.
- Author
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MARLER, P. and BOATMAN, D. J.
- Subjects
VEGETATION & climate ,PLANT communities ,CLIMATE change ,BASALT ,SLOPES (Physical geography) ,PITTOSPORUM ,ISLANDS - Abstract
The article focuses on a study regarding the plant communities on the northern slopes of the island of Pico in the Azores. It mentions the climatic conditions prevailing in the Azores' islands which are characterized by frequent mists, strong winds and a high rate of rainfall. It states that the Pico island is formed entirely of alkali basalt or olivine, and its northern slopes, the Baldios do Conselho, are less steeper than the slopes in the south and are covered with woodland. The assumed dominance of the Pittosporum undulatum tree has affected the vegetation of the northern slopes of Pico which has further resulted in a complex of vegetation.
- Published
- 1952
- Full Text
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26. STUDIES IN THE POST-GLACIAL HISTORY OF BRITISH VEGETATION.
- Author
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Tallantire, P. A.
- Subjects
VEGETATION boundaries ,EVENT stratigraphy ,HOLOCENE stratigraphic geology ,PALYNOLOGY ,PLANT remains (Archaeology) ,MUDSLIDES ,CLIMATE change ,RECLAMATION of land ,OSCILLATIONS - Abstract
The article examines the study of vegetational history of post-glacial period in Great Britain. The data from stratigraphy shows that plant remains and the pollen analyses from the site contain lake muds such as Betula, Pinus and Salix. During the Late-glacial period, there was an evidence of a cold climate and of a vegetation of open birch woodland or open vegetation with copses and a rich herbaceous ground flora as well. Thus, the evidence for a climatic oscillation marked a general climatic amelioration of the Post-glacial period.
- Published
- 1953
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. OBSERVATIONS ON LOCAL TEMPERATURE VARIATIONS AND PLANT RESPONSES.
- Author
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BALCHIN, W. G. V. and NORMAN
- Subjects
PLANT phenology ,PLANT growth ,VEGETATION classification ,PLANT diversity ,PLANT water requirements ,SOIL classification ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article discusses the study which aims to set on record results of a phenological survey accomplished in conjunction with a local climatic survey in Bath, England during 1945 and 1946. Bath is situated where Avon lessens the gap in the escarpment of the Cotswold Hills and is the center where six valleys developed on the dip slope of the escarpment. Proximity to water, soil type and vegetation cover are factors in local climatology that may locally be dominant and their effects need specific measurement. It is concluded that local variations of temperature are significant in producing local variations of plant growth.
- Published
- 1950
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. STUDIES ON THE VEGETATION OF MAURITIUS.
- Author
-
Vaughan, R. E. and Wiehe, P. O.
- Subjects
VEGETATION management ,AGRICULTURAL engineering ,AGRICULTURAL technology ,FOREST management ,RAINFALL anomalies ,RAINFALL ,CLIMATE change ,RESEARCH - Abstract
The article outlines the research conducted on the vegetation in Mauritius. Researchers found that the mean annual rainfall over the upland climax forest is of the order of 3175 millimeters and the nearest site where records are available over a long period is at Curepipe Gardens. Another important factor that affect the metabolism of the living organism is the intensity of rainfall from day to day. Knowledge of such distribution would enable them to have a better appraisal of the real wetness or dryness of the site. Discussed are the details of the issue.
- Published
- 1947
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. ON THE ISLAND ORIGIN OF THE ENDEMIC TREES OF THE BRITISH GUIANA PENEPLAIN.
- Author
-
Davis, T. A. W.
- Subjects
TREES ,PENEPLAINS ,TOPOGRAPHICAL surveying ,CLIMATE change ,UPLANDS ,BOTANY ,CLIMATOLOGY - Abstract
The article focuses on the endemic trees of the British Guiana Peneplain. It describes the situation, climate and topography British Guiana and the distribution of the main climatic associations. It also notes the influence of climate on the distribution of other species and the prevalence of endemism in the Guiana flora through the analysis of the local and general range of forty of the commonest trees. It also states the likelihood of the endemic species of the Guiana flora which have evolved in the highlands that borders the western and southern limits of the peneplain.
- Published
- 1941
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. CHARCOALS FROM MAIDEN CASTLE AND THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN RELATION TO THE VEGETATION AND CLIMATIC CONDITIONS IN PREHISTORIC TIMES.
- Author
-
SALISBURY, E. J. and JANE, F. W.
- Subjects
CHARCOAL ,PLANT species ,PLANT ecology ,BIOTIC communities ,IRON Age ,NEOLITHIC Period ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article presents a study of the charcoals obtained from the recent excavations on the Maiden Castle, England and their significance in relation to the vegetation and climatic conditions in prehistoric period. A few specimens of charcoal collected from the site indicated that the wood was partially decayed before carbonizing. The specimens of charcoals were examined from Neolithic, Early Iron Age and Late Iron Age deposits from the site. It was evident that in Neolithic times, the chalk of Dorset was clothed with a closed plant community of woodland. It was observed that composition of plant species were changing slightly in all the three periods and the soil conditions were becoming less favorable for the growth of oak.
- Published
- 1940
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. PLEISTOCENE CLIMATIC CHANGES AND THE DISTRIBUTION OF LIFE IN EAST AFRICA.
- Author
-
MOREAU, R. E.
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,FORESTS & forestry ,RAINFALL ,EFFECT of drought on plants ,DROUGHTS ,EVAPORATION (Meteorology) ,GLOBAL temperature changes ,PRECIPITATION anomalies - Abstract
The article highlights a report discussing the pleistocene climatic changes and the distribution of life in East Africa. It reports that the present evergreen forest boundaries are generally not natural, noting that they have been reduced by human agency as much as they would have been appreciable drop in rainfall. It discusses the changes that have occurred in the West African forest for a period prior to 400,000 thousand years ago. It also examines the impact of the subsequent dry period in the areas including Elgon, Kilimanjaro, and the highland forms in Southern Tanganyika Territory.
- Published
- 1933
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. A SUGGESTED EXPLANATION OF THE PREVALENCE OF VIVIPARY ON THE SEA-SHORE.
- Author
-
Joshi, A. C.
- Subjects
VIVIPARITY ,PLANT embryology ,MANGROVE forests ,FORESTS & forestry ,PLANT physiology ,GERMINATION ,ROOT growth ,PLANT growth ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article offers information on the prevalence of vivipary on the sea shore. It is cited that one of the features of the mangrove forests is the habit of germination of the seeds on the parent trees. It is said that some refer to vivipary as a relic from the past under the uniform climatic conditions, while others regard it as an adaptation to environment, providing the species with a means for dispersal. It is mentioned that viviparous habit could start the growth of roots in the soil, thus, viviparous seeds should establish themselves on a tidal coast.
- Published
- 1933
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
33. CLIMATIC CHANGE AND AGRICULTURAL EXHAUSTION AS ELEMENTS IN THE FALL OF ROME.
- Author
-
Huntington, Ellsworth
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,ECONOMICS ,AGRICULTURAL economics ,LAND use ,GRAIN ,GRANARIES ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
The article examines the role of climatic change and agricultural decline in the fall of Rome. According to Professors Liebig and Simkhovitch, in the days of the Roman Republic a vast portion of land was enough to support families in the region. Agrarian problems took place by the second century before Christ when, under the leadership of Scipio, grain began to be distributed from state granaries to poor citizens. As a result, many families became poverty stricken and tenants fell into heavy debt. On the other hand, climatic facts of historic times revealed how climatic change contributed to the fall of Rome.
- Published
- 1917
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. CLIMATIC VARIATION IN FORAGE GRASSES.
- Author
-
Cooper, J.P.
- Subjects
FORAGE plants ,GERMINATION ,FLOWERING of plants ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Describes environmental requirements for germination and flowering, and the pattern of leaf and tiller development in contrasting light and temperature regimes in collections of forage grass. Materials used in the study conducted on the climatic variation of forage grasses; Description of the effect of temperature on percentage and rate of germination; Genetic variation and effect on flowering behavior.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Coaxing History to Conduct Experiments.
- Author
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Deevey, Edward S.
- Subjects
ECOLOGICAL research ,BIOTIC communities ,RESEARCH methodology ,METHODOLOGY ,ECOLOGICAL succession ,PLANT evolution ,BIOLOGICAL evolution ,PLANT communities ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
The article discusses the significance of coaxing the history as an essential point in ecological methodology in studying the evolution of ecosystems. It cites the previous works of ecologists who used historical data to prove ecological successions and to introduce a hypothetico-deductive model of island speciation. The author also highlights various ecological experiments trying to prove that pollen stratigraphy provides data needed to explain the evolution of plant communities and show the impact of climatic change on the ecosystem.
- Published
- 1969
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. NEW MEXICAN GULLIES: A CRITICAL REVIEW AND SOME RECENT OBSERVATIONS.
- Author
-
Yi-Fu Tuan
- Subjects
ARROYOS ,CLIMATE change ,EROSION ,SEDIMENTATION & deposition ,RIVER channels - Abstract
The gully (or arroyo) in the American Southwest has attracted scientific attention for more than three score years. In the first phase, gullies tended to be viewed as the result of changes in the vegetation cover brought about by man and his live-stock. Later, the discovery of prehistoric gullies led to a shift of attention to possible climatic causes and to the elaboration of a widely accepted model relating climatic events to erosion-deposition. In the last five years, the study of the pollen record has inspired a new model of interpretation, different in important respects from the older one, The examination of New Mexican gullies suggests that the new model has certain advantages, but that in fact our knowledge is still extremely hypothetical. Lacking is a detailed comparison of the local environments under which erosion-deposition takes place, and lacking also is a documented history of the gullies. An attempt is made to compare the local environments of gullies in New Mexico and, in the case of the Rio Chaco and the Rio Puerco, to document the history of their gullies in some detail.
- Published
- 1966
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. GEOGRAPHIC EVALUATION OF CLIMATIC AND CLIMATO-GENETIC GEOMORPHOLOGY.
- Author
-
Holzner, Lutz and Weaver, Glen D.
- Subjects
EVALUATION ,CLIMATE change ,GEOMORPHOLOGY ,EROSION ,MORPHOLOGY - Abstract
The relationship of climate to land-surface morphology and genesis has been investigated by numerous writers for well over half a century. Such studies have focused in part upon interpreting erosional cycles, but more importantly they have to an increasing degree been oriented toward understanding the areal variation of specific surface forms and geomorphic processes. Especially pertinent to the geographer are recent attempts in the United States, and particularly by Julius Büdel in Germany, to use climatic influence as a basis for establishing morphogenetic and climato-genetic regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 1965
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. CLIMATIC CHANGE AS A RANDOM SERIES.
- Author
-
Curry, Leslie
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,VEGETATION & climate ,MATHEMATICAL statistics ,EARTH sciences ,NATURE - Abstract
In the study of climate, mean values of variable quantities are used as representations of the changing phenomena of nature. Two problems are considered in this article, namely, vegetation change and climatic change. It is proposed that a climatically determined vegetation cover may undergo change due to variations concealed within the usual climatic mean and so lead to false hypotheses. The second argument, which occupies most attention in the article, is that climate is varying continuously and randomly solely because of endogenous processes, of which the fluctuations that produced the ice ages are spectacular manifestations.
- Published
- 1962
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. THE EVOLUTION OF A WILD LANDSCAPE AND ITS PERSISTENCE IN SOUTHERN CALIFORNIA.
- Author
-
Aschmann, Homer
- Subjects
LANDSCAPES ,SEASONS ,CLIMATOLOGY ,CLIMATE change ,CLIMATIC classification - Abstract
Examines the evolution of a landscape in Southern California. Consistency of the climate in the area; Duration of the wet and dry cycles; Effect of the climate on the environment; Occurrence of a climatic fluctuation in the area.
- Published
- 1959
40. WHEAT FAILURE IN WESTERN NEBRASKA, 1931-54.
- Author
-
Hewes, Leslie
- Subjects
WHEAT ,DRY farming ,AGRICULTURE ,FALLOWING ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Reports on the factors influencing the failure of wheat, a crop of dry farming in Nebraska. Record of agricultural experiment farms; Climatic changes; Increase in the use of summer fallow.
- Published
- 1958
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. THE DECLINE OF NORTH AFRICA SINCE THE ROMAN OCCUPATION: CLIMATIC OR HUMAN?
- Author
-
Murphey, Rhoads
- Subjects
CLIMATE change ,CLIMATOLOGY ,CIVILIZATION ,PREHISTORIC peoples ,NATURE ,AUXILIARY sciences of history - Abstract
The study of climatic change is a fascinating and elusive exercise. Especially as the record of earth history begins to merge with the beginnings of human civilization, profoundly significant questions hinge on the dynamic relationship between a changing physical environment and the adaptive qualities of early man and his heirs. It has been suggested from more than one field of enquiry that climatic change was art important factor in the first dispersion of the human progenitor from the deforested plains of central Asia, and that vagaries of climate have ever since exercised a controlling influence on the nature and location of civilizations which man at different periods has established.
- Published
- 1951
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF CITY PLANNING.
- Author
-
Branch Jr., Melville C.
- Subjects
URBAN planning ,VEGETATION & climate ,EROSION ,CLIMATE change ,LAND use ,LANDFORMS - Abstract
The article focuses on the physical aspects of city planning. Physical factors are those which are inherent in or emanate most directly from the facts of the three-dimensional world. To simplify their exposition, physical factors are divided into three general categories, including long-range, medium-range, and short-range. Climatic changes, natural erosion and, the types and quantities of natural vegetation, all constitute the long range physical factors. Such long-range physical influences are as yet either so unresolved or involve such vast cycles of time that their greatest importance for town planning lies in their function as roots for deductions of more immediate relevance.
- Published
- 1951
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Rainfall, Runoff and Soil Moisture under Desert Conditions.
- Author
-
Shreve, Forrest
- Subjects
RUNOFF ,SOIL geography ,SOILS ,DESERTS ,RAINFALL ,CLIMATE change ,DROUGHTS - Abstract
Examines runoff and soil moisture in the desert conditions of Arizona. Influence of rainfall on physiographic processes; Facts about the rainfall of the Tucson region in Arizona; Data on the average annual rainfall; Distribution of precipitation; Implications of the irregularity of rainfall in southern Arizona; Occurrence of drought; Determinants to the amount of runoff.
- Published
- 1934
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. The Literature of Climatology.
- Author
-
Ward, Robert De C.
- Subjects
CLIMATOLOGY ,CLASSIFICATION of sciences ,BOTANY ,AGRICULTURE ,CLIMATE change ,ATLASES - Abstract
Classifies the literature on climatology. Human climatology or the relationship between climate and man; Botanical or agricultural climatology; Changes of climate; Atlases.
- Published
- 1931
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45. SPECIAL MAPS FOR CHARTING STORM MOVEMENTS.
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Mc Adie, Alexander
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MAPS ,STORMS ,ATMOSPHERE ,CLIMATE change - Abstract
Examines special maps for charting storm movements in the U.S. Fundamentals of aerography; Assessment of the structure of atmosphere in general and sequence of weather changes; Evaluation of the lines of equal pressure.
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- 1925
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46. L'importance de la gouvernance climatique mondiale et vingt et unième Conférence des Parties à la lutte contre le changement climatique
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Mathieu Demares
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les émissions de gaz à effet de serre ,negotiation process ,Political economy of climate change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,proceso de negociación ,greenhouse gases emissions ,Climate change ,developing countries ,países desarrollados ,les pays en développement ,Conference of the parties ,Politics ,pays développés ,Environmental protection ,Cambio climático ,Scientific consensus ,países en desarrollo ,media_common ,Changement climatique ,emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero ,Corporate governance ,processus de négociation ,Negotiation ,Geography ,Economy ,Greenhouse gas ,developed countries - Abstract
El consenso científico mundial, gracias a los numerosos estudios científicos, ha evidenciado la realidad del cambio climático y sus consecuencias socioeconómicas dramáticas. La lucha contra el cambio climático empezó siendo un problema de la ciencia para convertirse en un problema político de escala global. Para que sea efectiva la lucha contra el cambio climático se necesita una gobernanza climática global que trate de conciliar los países desarrollados y los países en desarrollo en torno a un interés común. Su éxito radica en la participación no sólo de los gobiernos de todo el mundo sino también de todos los actores no gubernamentales que ayudan a la toma de conciencia generalizada para emprender acciones locales. Se analiza la base científica que confirma que el cambio climático es una realidad y que legitima el inicio de un proceso de negociación internacional sobre cambio climático enmarcado en un régimen internacional climático complejo. Desde 1992 con la adopción de la Convención Marco de Naciones Unidas sobre el Cambio Climático se conforma este régimen vinculante para reducir las emisiones de gases de efecto invernadero. Será a través de la celebración de las llamadas Conferencias de las Partes que se adopten objetivos y en ciertos casos, Acuerdos internacionales que comprometan los países a mitigar el cambio climático y dotarse de financiación que les permita adaptarse a los impactos negativos del cambio climático. Nos detendremos más detenidamente en el proceso de negociación de la vigésimo primera Conferencia de las Partes celebrada en París el pasado diciembre de 2015 en la que se da un nuevo impulso para luchar contra el cambio climático por parte de los Estados y los actores no gubernamentales y es visto como un punto de inflexión en el régimen climático internacional. Su resultado, como punto de inflexión y momento histórico, hace del Acuerdo internacional de París una de las únicas oportunidades para mitigar y adaptarse al cambio climático a nivel global. De esta manera será posible evitar que acontezcan los peores escenarios previstos para el futuro. ¿Seremos capaces de salvarnos? The global scientific consensus, made possible by scientific studies since the 1980’s, has demonstrated the reality of climate change and its dramatic socioeconomic consequences. The fight against climate change began as a scientific problem and escalated to a political problem on a global scale. The paper analyses the importance of the global climate governance to fight against climate change trying to reconcile the developed countries and developing countries in shaping common interests in order to reduce greenhouse gases emissions. The success of this governance depends not only on the ambitious participation of all the countries of the world, but also on the increased participation of all non-governmental actors that help to create a global awareness towards concrete and local actions. The object of analysis is also to expose the scientific basis of climate change that legitimizes the beginning of a process of international negotiations on climate change framed within a complex international climate regime. Along the climate summits called Conferences of the Parties, different objectives are decided to engage the commitments of all countries to reduce their emissions and provide funding to developing countries to adapt themselves to the negative impacts of the climate change. The paper points out the negotiation process of the twenty-first Conference of the Parties held in Paris in December 2015 and its subsequent international agreement, seen as a turning point in the international climate regime. Le consensus scientifique mondial, grâce à de nombreuses études scientifiques, a démontré laréalité du changement climatique et de ses conséquences économiques dramatiques. La lutte contre lechangement climatique a commencé comme un problème de la science pour devenir un problèmepolitique de l'échelle mondiale. Pour être efficace, la lutte contre le changement climatique unegouvernance climatique mondiale tentent de concilier les pays développés et en développement autourd'un intérêt commun est nécessaire. Son succès réside dans la participation non seulement desgouvernements du monde entier, mais aussi de tous les acteurs non gouvernementaux qui aident la prisede conscience générale à entreprendre des actions locales. la base scientifique confirmant que lechangement climatique est une réalité et qui légitimise le début d'un processus de négociationsinternationales sur le changement climatique encadrée dans un régime complexe de climat internationalest analysé. Depuis 1992, avec l'adoption de la Convention-cadre des Nations Unies sur les changementsclimatiques de ce régime contraignant est formé pour réduire les émissions de gaz à effet de serre. Il serapar la tenue de conférences appelle les Parties objectifs sont adoptés et, dans certains cas, des accordsinternationaux qui engagent les pays à atténuer les changements climatiques et a fourni des fonds pourleur permettre d'adapter aux impacts négatifs du changement climatique. Nous nous arrêterons plus endétail dans le processus de négociation de la vingt et unième Conférence des Parties, tenue à Parisdernière Décembre 2015 où un nouvel élan est donné pour lutter contre le changement climatique par lesÉtats et les acteurs non étatiques et il est considéré comme un point dans le régime climatiqueinternational tournant. Son résultat, comme un point tournant et moment historique, fait l'accordinternational à Paris l'une des seules possibilités d'atténuation et d'adaptation au changement climatiqueau niveau mondial. Cela permet d'éviter les pires scénarios transpirent prévu pour l'avenir. Serons-nouscapables de nous sauver?
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- 1970
47. Climate Destabilization in a Religious World: The Role of Religion in Addressing Climate Change in Nigeria
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John Ottuh
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Human environment ,Flood myth ,Work (electrical) ,Political science ,Climate Destabilization, Study of Religion, the Role of Religion, Climate Change, Nigeria ,Environmental disaster ,Stakeholder ,Climate change ,Environmental ethics ,Safe haven ,Post disaster - Abstract
Human activities on earth either pose threat or safe haven to human environment because such human activities contribute to climate situation. Using the exposition method, the aim of this paper is to explore religion in the prevention of possible environmental disaster and the mitigation of post disaster scenario. Drawing from the 2011/2012 flood disaster in Nigeria, it shows that it was human induced in the sense that it was partly caused by blockage of water channels such as drainages. The paper argues on a general note that weather and environmental scientist set the agenda for environmental prevention through scientific means but religion helps to work on the mind of the stake holders and carry out the campaign of the agenda to their adherents. By so doing, religion is playing its role in environmental protection.Key words: Climate Destabilization, Study of Religion, the Role of Religion, Climate Change, Nigeria
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- 1970
48. RECENT TREND OF FALLING TEMPERATURE IN JAPAN AND ITS DYNAMICAL CONSIDERATIONS
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Eiichiro Fukui
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education.field_of_study ,Index (economics) ,Meteorology ,Summer heat ,Geography, Planning and Development ,Population ,Climate change ,Geography ,Wide area ,Population growth ,Physical geography ,Schematic model ,education ,Falling (sensation) - Abstract
In the previous papers (1968, 1969), the present writer concluded that the winter temperature in Japan still kept its increasing trend until the end of 1960's while in Europe and North America it had already ceased in 1940's. In this study, the subsequent change up to 1970 are examined with an important result that the winter temperature had begun to fall in Japan at the beginning of 1960's (Fig. 1) while for the summer temperature its decreasing trend had been found thus early in 1940's. A schematic model for these changes is shown in Fig. 3. Before the discussion on main subject, meaning of trend index adopted here and homo-genuity of the temperature records are closely checked. After these preliminary works, dis-tribution maps of the trend indices for winter and summer temperatures during the two periods 1941-60, 1960-70 are constructed (Fig. 4-7). For the climatological explanation of these distribution pattern, some dynamical considerations are given. The main results obtained in this study are as follows: 1) For the representation of the winter cold and summer heat in Japan, the writer adopts the mean temperatures of the coldest and warmest months respectively, because their secular changes are nearly parallel to those of the mean minimum and maximum temperatures of the respective months and the accumulated sum of monthly temperatures lower than critical levels during the whole winter or summer months. Hence they are likely to represent the total state of winter and summer temperatures in the respective years. In a study of temperature fluctuations, mean temperatures for a definite interval, say every five or ten years are often used. However those higher and lower means do not necessarily represent its rising and falling tendency respectively as clearly indicated in Fig. 2. That is, a general trend of temperature cannot be expressed merely by their mean values for the respective periods. Among indices available for us to express such a kind of phenomena, the writer selected the trend index devised by Dr. E. Suzuki as the most preferable one for the purpose of this study. With reference to this index, the writer commented in the previous paper on the recent heavy rainfall in Japan and hence it is omitted here. (See January number of this Journal in 1972, pp. 1-12) 2) Temperature rise is not only caused by the climatic change in a wide area, but in large cities also is highly controlled by the expansion of built-up areas together with the increase of population. Of course, urban influence on the increasing rate of temperature is not the same at different places. With respect to this subject, the writer obtained an important result in the former study (1968) that a relation between the increasing rate of temperature and population growth in Japan is not the same in large cities with their population over 500, 000 as compared with other smaller cities. On the other hand, in the sparsely populated areas such as high mountain tops, protruding ends of promontories, small islands etc., temperature rise due to an artificial heat might be negligible and therefore a true state of temperature variation can be distinctly found. For this reason, seventy two stations selected for this study are classified into the following seven groups by their geographical locations and population : A) Gigant cities with a population over 2, 000, 000 .(Tokyo, Osaka and Nagoya) B) Large cities with a population over 500, 000 (Sapporo, Sendai, Hiroshima and Fukuoka) C) Middle class cities with a population 300, 000_??_500, 000 (Kanazawa and other 12 cities) D) Small cities or towns with a population less than 50, 000 (28 places) E) Stations at the high mountain tops such as Ibukiyama (5) F) Stations at the protruding end of promontories (5) G) Stations at the small islands (4)
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- 1973
49. Global and Local Discourses on Climate Change: A Perspective from the Concept of Embeddedness
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Jailab Kumar Rai
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Embeddedness ,lcsh:GN1-890 ,Political economy of climate change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Global warming ,lcsh:Anthropology ,lcsh:HM401-1281 ,Climate change ,dynamics ,global ,discourses ,Politics ,Negotiation ,climate change ,lcsh:Sociology (General) ,Order (exchange) ,Political science ,Political economy ,local ,National Policy ,Social science ,embeddeness ,media_common - Abstract
Climate change has been becoming a major order of business of all including researchers and academics. This is known that global, national and local organizations, institutions and even the individuals are partaking into the issues with their own perspectives and skills of negotiations. Despite the series of international efforts and attempts, there are also a series of national concerns, efforts and attempts in combating against the effects of global climate change. This paper is an attempt to draw on the overview of contexts and concerns of international communities for combating global climate change and its discursive influence in national policy discourses. Moreover, the paper attempts to assess the local socio-cultural discourses and dynamics of climate change in relation to global and national discourses. Finally the paper highlights on how global and local climate change knowledge networks and epistemic communities either from political processes or the socio-economic fabrics are interrelated and determinant to each other. Keywords: climate change; discourses; embeddeness; dynamics; global; local DOI: 10.3126/dsaj.v4i0.4518 Dhaulagiri Journal of Sociology and Anthropology Vol.4 2010 pp.143-180
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- 1970
50. The Rate of Peat Growth in the Erie Basin
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Elsie Janson and Paul B. Sears
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Peat ,business.industry ,Ecology ,Climate change ,Vegetation ,Structural basin ,medicine.disease_cause ,Geography ,Pollen ,medicine ,Period (geology) ,Coal ,Physical geography ,business ,Dry climate ,Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics - Abstract
The rate at which peat accumulates has been a matter of interest to geologists ever since the relation between peat deposits and coal beds has been appreciated. More recently the problem has assumed fresh importance because of the increasing use of peat microfossils as a key to post-Pleistocene climate. In particular the relative percentages of different kinds of fossil pollen preserved in peat have been much studied in Europe. The purpose of such studies has been to interpret the changes in vegetation adjacent to the peat deposit during the course of its formation. Since most of the pollen preserved is brought in by the wind, the picture of changes appears to be somewhat generalized for the locality, and, therefore, it is often of value in interpreting climatic history. In a general way such evidence in Europe has supported the earlier findings of Blytt, Sernander and others regarding the shifts in moisture and temperature during postglacial times (Biilow, '29). In North America a number of pollen analyses have been made, some of which are not regarded by their authors as shedding light on climatic change. The senior writer, however, has now examined material from Pennsylvania, Ohio, Michigan, Indiana, Iowa and Arkansas. In every case he has obtained what seems like reasonable evidence of considerable climatic changes during postglacial times (Sears, '32). The most certain of these changes is a period of recent relatively dry climate followed by a gradual change to the somewhat more humid climate of the present. In the case of deep columns of peat from Ohio, Michigan, Indiana and Iowa there appears to be good evidence of an earlier dry period separated from the one just described byA a period of marked humidity. If these indications may l)e trusted the postglacial climate of North America has exhibited fluctuations similar to those of Europe. In Europe the postglacial climates have been accurately dated by de Geer's measurement of clay layers (Billow, '29). Since this means of measurement has not been generally available in this country we have endeavored to find other means. Of these the most hopeful has seemed to be a determination of the mean rate of peat accumulation particularly in the Ohio-Michigan area with which we are most familiar. The following paper describes the results obtained in this connection. Before proceeding with the paper acknowledgments should be made of
- Published
- 1933
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