Search

The object of this study was to determine the changes in lipid composition that occur in blood vessels from infancy to young adulthood. Analyses included levels of total cholesterol, total triglyceride, phospholipid, and cholesteryl ester fatty acids, and the distribution of saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.Triglyceride, total and monoenoic fatty acids, and linoleic acid were lower in the ascending, thoracic, and abdominal aorta than in the pulmonary artery and inferior vena cava. Phospholipids and arachidonic acid were higher in aortic segments than in the other two vessels.Aortic lipids showed significant changes with increasing age: total cholesterol and total fatty acids decreased from

The effects of sex and tutorial instruction were studied as they influenced the seriation ability of pre-school children. The research was conducted at the Utah State University Child Development Laboratories with 24 four year old children enrolled at that time. Twelve of the children, six girls and six boys, were given seriation tasks. The remaining 12 children, six girls and six boys, were not given any seriation training. It was found that the 12 children who had received individualized instruction seriated significantly better on every task than the 12 children who had received no training. The children who were trained in seriation tasks also correctly transferred their learning of seriation from the original set of objects used in the training sessions to two other sets of size graded objects. The remaining 12 children did not make this transfer as successfully. There was no significant difference in the seriation ability of boys and girls, although the girls receiving training improved more than the boys who were trained in seriation. This finding was attributed to the fact that the boys in both groups seriated slightly higher than t.he girls in both groups; therefore the boys who received no seriation training did not have as much room for improvement.

Parental preference of girls and boys was studied in this research. Situations of recreation, personal and moral needs, places and things, and social events constituted the range of choices in the children's selection for one parent or the other as a companion for the activity. Ninety children (30 preschool, 30 third graders, and 30 sixth graders) we r e tested individually by an interview schedule. The Parent-Affinity Perception Scale developed for this research contained 30 items. Children were asked to choose "Mother" or "Father" as a response for each item. The findings indicated a significant difference in preference for "Mother" rather than "Father," with girls consistently choosing the mother. Third-grade boys selected the mother more often than the father ; however, preschool and sixth-grade boys preferred the father for more of the items. In comparison of the three age groups, mother was perceived as the preferred parent in all except the preschool group. The Parent-Affinity Perception Scale scores of the group's 90 subjects were ranked in the high and low quartiles in order to analyze which items were discriminating children's perceptions for parental preference. Analyses by chi square found 26 of the 30 items indicated a significant difference in parental preference at or beyond the . 05 level of confidence.

When children are hospitalized they are exposed to an unfamiliar and frequently forboding world of an efficiently run institution. They cannot, as adults do, afford to interrupt (Plant, 1962) their normal way of living and exclude the relationships, play and learning that contribute to their overall growth. There is a general tendency for children to be treated much in the same manner that adults are when they are confined in a hospital situation. The adult (Chapman, 1956) is prepared to make this temporary adjustment because he is aware, to some extent, of the need for hospitalization and the positive consequence of necessary painful procedures to which he is subjected. He is an adult with adults serving him and he is aware of his power to leave or to dismiss individuals in his attendance.

An orientation of modern child care viewed in the light of the trend in Scandinavia and the Netherlands places the following concepts before us. Now that infant mortality has reached a level of twenty per thousand births, we have arrived at an important point in the development of child care. This fact forces us not only to form an impression of the past and present, but likewise to look to the near future. A relatively drastic reduction of child mortality is still possible, although it is less spectacular than in the past. The rates in the near future can be predicted. Now that serious illness and death in children have become a secondary problem– except for perinatal mortality, some acute diseases, some chronic illnesses and the problem of accidents–the essential task of child health care has become the active promotion of the health of the child in order to achieve an optimal development. The doctor, if he wishes to acquit himself properly of this task, should have some idea of socio‐biology and vital statistics, a knowledge of child development and experience in public health, of which maternal and child health is a part that is closely connected to other branches. More and more maternal and child health is integrated into public health. Continuity and coordination in maternal and child health should be assured from conception up to and including adolescence. The observation of growth and development of the individual child in its longitudinal trend from birth until adulthood is the ABC of modern child health. The new child health strives towards an optimal development of the child and thereby towards optimal conditions in family, school and society. The term “maternal and child health” expresses more clearly than “child hygiene” what social obstetrics and pediatrics attempt to achieve. The continuity which characterises the development of the child should be the basis for the organization of maternal and child health. The new orientation of child health adapts itself to modern conditions in a civilisation entering the atomic age. In their interdependence and their interrelationship research, evaluation of methods and organisation deserve to be adjusted towards this modern constellation which they have not yet sufficiently attained.