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The article focuses on slavery in relation to cotton production in Texas. The history of slavery in Texas, in as far as it is of importance to cotton production in the state, begins with the year 1821, when Moses Austin, founder of the American lead industry received permission to plant an Anglo-American colony in Texas. In approving Austin's plan for the distribution or land, the government of Mexico substantially encouraged the introduction of slaves into the new settlement. Many immigrants found their way into Texas before the summer of 1822 and were granted land in accordance with Austin's plan. They were almost all from the Southern states, and many were owners of at least a few slaves. The slaves brought into Texas seem to have been owned, in the main, by American settlers. The total number of slaves in 1829 was estimated by a Mexican official as something more than 1,000. Even as late as 1844, however, a traveler going through Texas from a slave-holding state was surprised to find the proportion of slaves so small. In April, 1832, the legislature of Coahuila and Texas passed a new colonization law which drew the slavery restriction closer by reducing the term of labor contracts to ten years, and the further introduction of slaves was barred by federal law and state constitution.

Examines the features common to the system of slavery before the Civil War and the labor movement in existence in 1990. Strong opposition to "free labor," or labor directly competing with, but outside the control of, the system; Origins of John C. Calhoun's theories of the Constitution; Labor question in which those who supported the dominant system were in recognized opposition to the Constitution.

The article discusses the judicial use of torture in historical perspective. The earliest use of torture was in Athens and Rome. Among the Greeks and under the Roman Republic torture was almost entirely confined to slaves, as a rule no free citizen being subjected to it; and in Rome, indeed, the exemption was one of the privileges of citizenship. The reason for torturing slaves is to be found, no doubt, in the belief that the slave, being absolutely at the mercy of his master, would naturally testify in accordance with the master's wishes, unless some stronger incentive to speak the truth were brought to bear.

Examines four instances of constitution-making in Mississippi, Kentucky, Wyoming and Idaho. Procedures which led to the transformation of Wyoming from a Territory to a State; Admission of the State of Idaho into the Union in 1890; Mississippi Convention on the issue of race; Prohibition of slavery in the constitutions of Mississippi and Kentucky.

Focuses on the geography of southern U.S. states prior to the American Civil War. Man's adjustment to the environment; Classification of the white population; Factors hampering manufactures; Economics of slavery.

This article presents information about the book "Race Relations," by Michael Banton. The sixth to the fifteenth chapters of the book cover the following topics: slavery in the new world, white supremacy in the U.S. and in South Africa, religious rejections of the world in colonial Africa, the consequences of industrialization in colonial Africa, status and colour in Brazil, psychological studies of prejudice and perceived social distance, and studies of urban segregation in the U.S. and Great Britain. The treatment of the Rhodesian situation in the chapter on industrialization in colonial Africa suffered from its failure to analyse constitutional developments. It must be said, however, that despite this there can have been very few books on race relations which take the students through the field so honestly and objectively and leave him with guide posts for all the important future reading. colour-caste theory. The chapter on South Africa leads to a discussion of the materialist conception of history, and that on Brazil to a systematic contrast between integrated orders and to categories systems.