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Two papers are included in this report. "Control and Feedback in the Environment of a Computer Tutor" investigates some control and feedback properties of a tutorial environment comprised of a student, his computer tutor, and the designer of the computer tutor. Three classes of computer tutor are described: rigid, generative, and knowledgeable. These classes are distinguished by an increase of the interactions among tutor and student and a decrease of the control of the tutor over the tutorial environment. Full partnership between tutor and student could be achieved with the help of programs that understand natural language. "Review in CAI: The Problem and an Implemented Solution" discusses review of material, which is made necessary by human memory loss. The computer tutor that incorporates review is built around performance programs that know what the student is to learn, generator programs that generate problems the student must learn to solve, and extensive diagnostic programs that guide the tutor in his interaction with the student. Borrowing compiler-writing techniques, a multi-level system for review has been implemented that avoids extra coding and repetition of material in identical form. (Author/JK)

The field of computer applications in education, characterized by continuous change in technology and nomenclature, is documented by diverse information sources. This paper names methods of organizing information on computer-based instructional systems and lists sources under literature surveys and reviews, conferences and symposia (1965-68, U.S.A.), publishers, and professional organizations. Interactive uses of computers for instruction include drill strategy, author-controlled tutorial, and "dialogue" tutorial; simulation and gaming; information handling, computation and display (scholarly aids); computer aids for instructional management; and computer-based tools for the author and researcher. The variety of lessons, systems, and languages for computer-based instruction depends on instructional objectives and on records of student performance. (TI)

In spite of the lack of specific and properly defined goals and plans about the use of computers for their development, some non-industrialized countries have made substantial advances in this computer usage. In these countries, the number of computers installed ranges from zero to roughly 1 per 200,000 inhabitants. The distribution of these systems among areas of application (business and commercial engineering and scientific, education and training, military and defense), is fairly similar to that observed in advanced countries. The majority of the developing countries have installed computers of varying capacities in some of their higher learning institutions, which is acting as a triggering factor for more and better computer installations. The upper bracket of the industrial, commercial and services enterprises of a substantial part of these countries have installed computer systems. The use of automatic data processing systems has initiated a revolution in management attitudes and techniques. There is, in almost all of the developing countries a strong tendency to increase the use of computers in government operations. (Author)

A simple linear model is constructed for production, use and recycling of various paper and related products. This model is used to estimate the maximum feasible recycling rate given the current state of pulp and paper technology. Parametric linear programming is used to investigate the effect of the efficiency of collecting, sorting and transporting waste paper on the fraction recycled.

In considering the mathematics program for elementary children, it is important for teachers to examine not only mathematical ideas but also the contexts within which such ideas are used. This usually means an examination of visual aids or tools of learning, since instruction in elementary grades depends upon the concrete to explain the abstract. With this in mind, one such tool that deserves special attention is graph, or squared, paper. Until one looks at the many possible uses of this visual aid, it may be taken for granted, and its applications remain sporadic and disconnected. This article is presented for the purpose of showing that graph paper is an educational device having few peers, especially from the points of view of economy, availability, and ease of use. An ordinary compilation of graph paper uses would be helpful to some degree, but what follows is a sequential development from the primary level through the upper elementary grades.

Analytical difficulties in the analysis of D&C Red No. 21 by column chromatography are overcome by using an ascending paper chromatographic technique, based on that of Graichen, followed by elution of the zones and spectrophotometric determination. Results compare well with those by column chromatography.

This paper describes an attempt to apply linear optimal control theory to computer control of an industrial process. The applicability of the theory is discussed. Particular attention is given to the problem of obtaining a mathematical model of process dynamics and disturbances. Results of actual measurements as well as results from on-line control experience are presented.

ロ紙を水平空間に保持するopen-strip typeと,著者が自製したガラス板で口紙をはさみ密閉,冷却できるようにしたsandwich typeの2種類のロ紙固定方式にて,ロ紙上物質の移動と泳動電流によるロ紙の発熱,それに伴って生じる電解液の蒸発,ロ紙の毛細管浸透現象による電解液のロ紙中央部に向う流れとの関連について調べた.open-strip typeはロ紙の発熱が著しく,このため泳動方向,泳動像,泳動速度などに安定した結果を得ることが困難であり,また泳動電圧を高くすることは不可能に近い.これに対してsandwich typeではこれらの影響を受けにくく,再現性もえやすいうえに高電圧を加えることが可能であった.それでこのsandwich typeを用いて100V/cm程度の電位こう配にて泳動を実施できるロ紙固定台を試作し,泳動結果の再現性を簡単なグラフにて表現することを試みた.

WITHIN the last twenty years, chromatography has become increasingly important as an analytical tool. The purpose of this article is to review the uses of partition chromatography on paper, which, since its inception four years ago1, has had a wide application and which promises to become as well established as the older forms of chromatography. It should be emphasized, however, that, as mixtures, especially from biological sources, may be very complex, preliminary separations2-5 may often be necessary before paper chromatography can be used to the best possible advantage. For recent developments in all types of chromatography, the reader is referred to a number of articles indicated in footnotes 6–9.

The mere fact that a thing or person has possibilities of good in large amount is no assurance that good will result from the use of that thing or from the individual possessed of that possibility. A superficial study of existing conditions is all that is necessary to ascertain the truth of this statement. The term paper is a valuable instrument in secondary and higher education but is abused and falls far short of its possibilities, because of the clumsy use of a good technique by both teachers and pupils alike. If one was to ask a number of teachers, using this device, what purpose the term paper best served they would probably most frequently receive some form of the following statements: (1) It may be used as a supplement to the regular class work to bring in material that ordinary members will be unable to obtain due to lack of time in class or ability in the pupils; (2) It serves the purpose of offering to better pupils a chance to enrich their school work and in some cases to secure a better grade; (Grades are not what we ought to be after, but it is one thing that many teachers emphasize to the point of causing many of our students to strive for them); (3) It gives a chance for valuable training in organizing valuable data and materials into more accessible and usable form; (4) and, it serves the purpose of giving an opportunity for doing rudimentary research and thus developing skill in solving problems along the line covered by the particular course. The term paper seems to aid in developing several worth-while abilities. Students are required to state a problem in workable form and collect bibliographies covering the topic. They must evaluate, eliminate, and organize the data after they have been found and collected. Many times this takes them into libraries but frequently an experiment must be devised or some accepted form of collecting data that is not available in libraries. Conclusions must be drawn and evaluated upon the basis of adequacy of sampling and reliability of sources. Many times the conclusion is unjustified by the data but the development of the technique is more valuable than the academic and etherial facts collected.

During the past decade, the scope of information science has been evolving into a broader but better defined area of specialization. In this paper several of the definitions of information science which have been suggested by various professional groups are discussed. The educational objectives of information science are identified, and the curricula necessary to achieve these objectives are outlined. The paper discusses the changing nature of the library's role in information science and the impact of computers on the field of information science in general. A list of references is appended. (JY)

No abstract available.

IN order to obtain a good separation in filter paper chromatography, the size of the spot of liquid applied to the paper must be small, which often necessitates repeated, time-consuming applications of material. Methods have been evolved with the purpose of having spots or a. band laid down automatically by a burette1,2. There still seems to be a need, however, for a technique by which a larger volume of fluid can be deposited quickly and simply, yet permitting small-sized bands or spots for good separation.

SEVERAL types of paper columns have been described for separating closely related substances on a preparative scale; but with these methods it has proved difficult to get the same degree of separation as is achieved by simple paper-strip experiments1. This disadvantage is overcome by the present method, the principles of which have been reported in a previous communication2. The technique has now been improved and simplified.

IN spite of the claims of other systems, paper chromatography remains a major analytical tool of forensic toxicology. One of its minor disadvantages is that, in order to get sufficient material on to the paper to give an identifiable spot, a dilute solution must be applied by the tedious process of ‘spotting’ small aliquots and allowing them to dry between each application. We wish to report a very simple and reliable method in which the solution is allowed to flow continuously on to the paper, producing a spot about 0.5 cm in diameter.

THE use of a ‘Millipore’ chimney and filter paper provides a convenient means of collecting radioactive material for measurement of its activity. A major disadvantage of this system arises from the curling of these papers by the precipitated materials and the allied difficulties of fitting them in the planchette. The use of doubly gummed ‘Scotch’ tape provides only a partial solution to this problem, and if the material on the filter paper is to be analysed chemically afterwards, the tape adhesive may interfere. The use of liquid adhesives and, in the case of ‘Millipore’ filters, of solvents also does not solve this problem. The amount of collected material is limited by the point at which the precipitate will flake and not hold to the paper. Recently we devised a simple spring mechanism to hold the paper in the carriers.

Design of a system to punch binary data from a pulse height analyzer on paper tape concurrent with the printing of decimal information is presented. (J.R.D.)

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