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This paper presents sufficient conditions for a multiattribute utility function to be either multiplicative or additive. The number of requisite assumptions to imply the main result is equal to the number of attributes. Because the assumptions involve only trade-offs between two attributes at a time or lotteries over one attribute, it is reasonable to expect that decision makers can ascertain whether these assumptions are appropriate for their specific problems. Procedures are given for verifying the assumptions and assessing the resulting utility functions. The paper concludes with a sketch of a recent application of the results to a six-attribute problem relating to the development of Mexico City's airport facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an attempt to isolate the determinants of fertility in Mexico. Of the variables included, two are significant in accounting for differences in the level of completed fertility in the 32 "states" in 1970. They are the share of the labor force in agriculture, which is directly related to fertility, and the percentage of the population speaking an indigenous language, which shows an inverse relationship.The most important factors acting to reduce total fertility rates over time are increases in life expectancy and declines in the share of the labor force in agriculture. However, based on the estimated linear relationship, these two variables by themselves are not adequate to achieve a rapid decline in fertility in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual catches of pelagic organisms, excluding marine mammals, from the Atlantic and Pacific waters surrounding the Americas for the period 1969-1971 averaged 17,000,000 metric tons. Catches of the pelagic organisms from the Pacific alone were nearly 14,000,000 tons. However, considering the recent drop in the catches of the Peruvian anchovy, the data for 1972 and 1973 when compiled, will show a drastic decline in the catches of pelagic species. Catches from American waters are compared with those from other waters and their relationship to the area and population of the Americas is examined. The potential maximum catch of pelagic organisms currently utilized is projected to 26,000,000 tons, whereas if the markets and fishing technology could be developed for non-conventional species, then it is estimated that the catch could be increased to 42,000,000 tons. Rational utilization of the pelagic resources of the Americas necessitates conservational and managerial measures. This in turn calls for international agreements and/or other international arrangements. This paper was presented at the Inter-American meeting on "Science and Man in the Americas" in 1973 at Mexico City. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper provides a general description of normative marriage and family roles as found in middle-class Mexico today. An attempt is made to show how culturally defined ideals of male and female roles in courtship influence marriage relationships. It is argued that the discontinuity of role expectations by women is reflected in childrearing practices; in turn these practices lead to a male-female role dichotomy which perpetuates the cycle. The analysis is based on published reports and materials not yet publicity available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses about the problems of differential fertility in Mexico utilizing data that have more recently become available. Large increase in Mexico's urban population has come about in large part from differential internal migration. Indirect evidence of this is shown by an analysis of state-of-birth data from the Mexican Censuses of 1940 and 1950. It was observed that Mexican fertility is subject to the differential effect of urbanization in much the same way as has been fertility in the industrialized countries of the West. The second major observation is that urban dominance significantly reduces the fertility ratio and offers a variable whose importance in fertility studies has hitherto been unexplained. The significance of this factor deserves attention in fertility studies of our own country. It is hoped that the methodological decisions pertaining to the rural-urban designations as well as the technique developed to hold the effects of age constant will be of some use to students of fertility in areas where such methods need to be employed.

Here is increasing awareness among sociologists and anthropologists of the need for comparative studies of urban societies. The connection between urbanization and the development of voluntary associations a special case in point. It has long been accepted as axiomatic that the growth of cities in the United States and the voluntary associations which are such an outstanding feature of American social structure are directly related phenomena. But the development of formally organized voluntary associations another urban cultural areas remains largely inexplored. Within this context, the small pilot study reported in this paper has significance in spite of the limited scope of the research. A major purpose of this project was experimental to test the feasibility of house-to-house interviewing of a Latin American urban population as a step in the planning of further research in the area. Lack of sufficient background data complicates sampling procedure in Mexico and the fieldwork had to be fitted into a nine-weeks schedule. For this reason a proportional sample of the general population was not attempted.

The Spanish-American republics are by and large fairly democratic on paper; for their constitutions call for representative forms of government in which the citizens are supposed to have an effective control of their own destiny. But in fact the countries of Spanish America are governed by techniques which are the very opposite of democratic, and which veil more or less successfully variants of class dictatorship. Evidences showed that in Mexico, elections have little to do with the selection of the chief magistrate, and in Mexico he has much more power than he has in the United States. The reason for this condition of affairs are many and complex, however, the factor that has been selected for discussion in this article is the Spanish character. The truth is that neither letters nor the ways of peace nor the ways of industry ever really competed successfully with the forces of war which determined the national character and molded the values of the Spaniard. Nor has the Spaniard altogether outgrown even yet the heroic values of a feudal society.

This paper attempts to describe and to summarize by means of a typological analysis the salient characteristics of the population in the United States--Mexican border area. The area under focus consists of the five southwestern states for which data on Spanish surnames were available and the six Mexican states adjacent to the international boundary. Distributions of Spanish surname persons are plotted for cities and minor civil divisions in the five southwestern states. The populations on both sides of the border are examined with respect to selected attributes. Demographic comparisons are made between Spanish surname and non-Spanish surname populations of the five southwestern states. This is followed by a typological analysis summarizing the characteristics of the relevant populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a restudy of Tepoztlán culture and criticizes the folk-urban hypothesis. Certainly there are phenomena that represent social disorganization; but the term has been used so commonly for social reorganization that perhaps it should be abolished. The study of man has demonstrated few things more clearly than the universality of socio-cultural change. Change need not be confused with the idea of progress, but neither should it always be labeled "disorganization." Both in this paper and in his major work, Sociologist Lewis Writh has presented us with many provocative ideas. Although one cannot concede that he has given final answers on all points, he has made constructive suggestions which represent important contributions to anthropology and, in at least some degree, to sociology. Lewis suggests that Robert Redfield's earlier study of Tepoztlán was directed primarily toward testing the folk concept rather than at producing a reasonably complete ethnography. This seems a legitimate comment; but Lewis's assertion, at least by implication, that his book is an attempt at a complete ethnography approaches correctness only if his work is read in connection with Redfield's. Even so, a complete study of Tepoztlán material culture has yet to be published.

In this paper I present a new approach to measuring efficiency of land-holding institutions. The measure is based on a two-sector model of the agricultural economy. In one, markets allocate resources to their productive tasks. In the other, land is legally distinguished from other resources and is assigned in accordance with specific administrative rules. The special land-use rules partially insulate the two sectors from one another and permit important differences to be perpetuated. The effect of these differences is manifested in the economic yield on productive resources employed in the two sectors, it is the object of this study to measure the differences in these yields in such a way that they reveal comparative efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the Detroit, Michigan, Mexican immigrant and naturalization. Mexicans in Texas and other parts of the South- west have come in varying degrees to be defined by the dominant white caste as an exogamous group, in which the limitation to any individual's status is determined by the fact of birth. A discriminatory tendency, ubiquitous enough to manifest itself in the House of God, could easily promote feelings on the part of Mexicans that they are despised in this country. A Detroit priest commenting on this point stated that Mexicans often do feel this dislike "even to the point of imagining the situation." To counteract this tendency, the present Catholic Archbishop of Detroit, who desires that no discrimination be shown, proposes Mexican participation in American Catholic organizations as a means of overcoming it. But the sense of inferiority and of potential discrimination acts to prevent such participation. Color is perhaps not always basic to prejudice, yet restrictions in rental and social contacts prove the existence of discrimination.

Warren C. Robinson and others have presented strong evidence that a substantial portion of the variation in urban-rural fertility differentials is attributable to variations in infant and child mortality when the child-woman ratio is the index of fertility. This paper focuses on the contributions of several additional factors in accounting for variations in urban-rural fertility differentials. 1960 census data for 23 urban and rural areas in Mexico are investigated by means of correlation analysis. City growth and literacy differentials are found to be significantly related to the size of the urban-rural fertility (child-woman ratio) differential, but their effect appears to be indirect, and brought about by their association with urban-rural differentials in the sex ratio at the reproductive ages, age at marriage, and the percentage married. The latter three factors are positively related to the size of the urban-rural fertility differential. City growth is inversely related to the magnitude of the fertility differential. This analysis suggests that changes in (urban) population composition may favor higher as well as lower urban fertility and thus affect the size of the urban-rural fertility differential. If this is true, it would appear that urbanization does not necessarily lead to lower total fertility (at least in its early stages), but may lead to the modification of certain demographic characteristics which formerly favoured lower urban fertility. The long-run effects of urbanization are more difficult to assess, but it is suggested that migrants to urban areas may require several generations to manifest lower fertility. This would constitute an additional factor favouring higher urban fertility. The possible contribution of changing mortality conditions is also considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A conference paper is presented that examines the impact that Mexico's industrial development bank, Nacional Financiera, has had on private business in Mexico. The author notes that the bank's activity in business can be divided into three time periods during the 20th century. The author's findings suggest that the bank has helped some firms receive long-term debt and has positively impacted the leverage position of others.

Focuses on the French Legation in Mexico on the eve of intervention. Information on the plan of Judah P. Benjamin, U.S. senator from Louisiana and Alphonse Dubois de Saligny, French minister in Mexico, to form an international company; First official act of Dubois de Saligny as minister to Mexico; Significance of the claims convention which regulates Mexican's indebtedness to French subject, signed by Dubois de Saligny and Francisco Zarco, Mexican foreign minister.

Comments on the outcome of the National Assembly of Surgeons in Mexico City, Mexico. Appreciation to the presentation of scientific studies conducted by U.S. researchers; Number of Mexican surgeons who attended the assembly; Opportunity provided by the convention to surgeons.

Two of the objectives of the early phase of this work were to demonstrate the important role of personal and social factors, in addition to cultural ones, in nuclear family life, and to show the wide range of individual personality and family types within a single peasant community. In this paper, the author compares the internal structure, psychodynamics, and personality development in two families. The author will also attempt to relate the psychodynamics of these two families to the broader social, economic, and political trends in the village and nation, in order to show the differential effects of the Mexican Revolution of 1910-20 upon these families. The Rojas family is one of thirty-seven better-to-do landowning families in the upper economic group of the village. Only 4 per cent of the families in the village are in this category. The Martinez is one of the poorer landless families of the lowest economic group which constitutes about 80 per cent of all families. Although the two families are now at different levels on the economic ladder, it is important to remember that at the time they set up independent households they were both poor.

The article presents a biography and bibliography of the Mexican historian Joaquin García Icazbalceta. A brief overview of Icazbalceta's life is given, noting his military service during the Mexican-American War, his publication of works on colonial Mexican history, and his political exile. A comprehensive annotated bibliography of Icazbalceta's works and papers is also given, including "Historia de la Conquista del Peru por W. H. Prescott," an 1858 letter to José Fernando Ramfrez," and "1865."

Focuses on documentation centers in several countries under the Technical Assistance project of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization. Centro de Documentacion Cientifica y Tecnica in Mexico; National Scientific Documentation Centre in India; Jugoslovenski Centar za Technicku i Naucnu Dokumentaciju in Yugoslavia; Centro de Documentacion Cientifica, Tecnica y Economica in Uruguay.

A basic assumption of the Cornell Mobility Model insofar as it is relevant to inter-community migration is that an individual's propensity to move is a function of, among other things, his length of residence in the community. Parameters of the functional relationship of migration probabilities to duration status are estimated from migration histories for a sample of residents in Monterrey, Mexico, and compared with estimates reported by P. A. Morrison using data from Amsterdam, The Netherlands. In both data sets a negative nonlinear relation of the probability of migrating to duration status, as well as an interaction between age and duration status, is found. Values of parameters describing the relation within age groups differ sufficiently between the two data sets, however, to suggest that further specification of conditions under which a particular form of functional relation will obtain is necessary if the model is to be useful in migration research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten Indian families in Zinacantan, Mexico, were observed and the quality and quantity of interaction within each family recorded. These data are used to test six hypotheses, based on small group research and on the theory of self-other patterns. The hypotheses Predict that, within family dyads, 1) affection elicits affection, 2) dominance elicits submission, and 3) high interaction rate is related to affection: and that, within each family, all individuals will exhibit, 4) the same degree of affection, 5) the same degree of dominance-submission, and 6) the same interaction rate. Hypotheses 1, 2, 4, and 5 are supported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper examines the socioeconomic position of farmers' sons in Monterrey, a large Mexican industrial city. Data collected through a sample survey of the male population indicate that a farm background is not by itself a handicap. The socioeconomic status of sons of farm workers and small farmers is similar to that of sons of nonfarm unskilled and skilled workers, respectively, when age and size of the community of origin are controlled for. The effects of the community of origin are further analyzed, both in terms of size and socioeconomic development of the zone in which it is located. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper sets forth suggestions as to the types of variables which are significant for interpreting the direct action undertaken by students in Mexico and Colombia in order to influence affairs in their universities and on the larger political scene. It is hypothesized that student behavior may be partly explained by inconsistencies between the image of the "student role' on the one hand, and actual experience in attempting to realize that image, both at the university and after graduation. Hypotheses are also set forth as to why, when student direct action is taken, it is not strenuously opposed by university authorities, public officials, or the public generally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study sketches two extreme variants of a short-run model for the prediction of changes in money national income in Mexico. Statistical hypotheses are formulated and estimated and the "explanatory" power of each variant discussed. The results suggest further lines for research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the distribution and affinities of Mexican mammals. Geographic ranges of genera; Natural units of the area.

The article presents news and announcements published in the January 8, 1962 issue of the "International Social Science Journal." Some of the announcements include the Seventh Congress of the Inter-American Society of Psychology. The five-day meeting was held in Mexico City, Mexico, from December 19 to 23, 1961. The Joint Committee on Contemporary China of the American Council of Learned Societies and the Social Science Research Council has sponsored conferences of economists, geographers and sociologists and anthropologists during the past year in order to explore questions of research and training in these disciplines on contemporary China. The publishers Dunker & Humblot, Berlin, announce the forthcoming publication of a quarterly periodical. It will be devoted to an interdisciplinary study of the State and particularly to the theory of the State and the study of the general principles of public law and constitutional history.

The article assesses financial innovation and structural change in the early stages of industrialization based on the experience of the financial sector in Mexico from 1945-1959. A description of a traditional economy is included as is the transformation by which such an economy can become a developing economy through alterations in the production function. There are five ways, the article states, for financing innovation in developing economies, including self-financing, tax increases, direct financing, government securities, and indirect financing.

This study compared the perceptions of need satisfaction and importance for blue-collar workers in the USA and Mexico. Organizational and technological differences were controlled to isolate culture as the independent variable. Porter's need questionnaire was used to tap employees' attitudes. The data indicate that there were significant differences in nearly every need item score between the two countries. Mexican workers were more satisfied than their counterparts in the USA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explains the lack of union activity among Mexican white-collar employees in the private sector through analyses of the status of this group and the policies of management, labor, and government. The conclusions reached concerning white-collar workers also provide information concerning broader relationships among the participants in the Mexican industrial relations system. Research on unionism in Latin America has revealed little about non-manual workers, although white-collar unions are important elements in the labor movements of several Latin America nations. Based on limited evidence, it is thought that the availability of legal protection to offset employer resistance to unionism, the existence of strong blue-collar unions, and nonmanual workers' exposure to left-wing ideologies as students would overcome the usual reluctance of white-collar workers to organize. Almost nothing is known of the exceptional case, Mexico, where nonmanual workers exposed to these influences do not join unions. Mexican white-collar workers in the private sector are seldom organized, while unions of public employees concentrate on maintaining political support for the government.

The article discusses the history and development of management-labor committees. In England, The Whitley Councils were founded for negotiation of wages, hours and working conditions. Following the World war I in Germany, work councils were organized by the Weimar Republic to address the demand and grievances of workers. In 1945, labor-management committees in France were established aimed to promote cooperation between workers and management. Meanwhile, work committees were created in Austria in 1947. In Mexico, the Labor Industry Pact was approved in April 7, 1945 by the Mexican Confederation of Industrial Chambers.

This article presents a discussion on the article "Notes on the Changing Mexican Family" by Norman S. Hayner, a professor at the University of Washington, published in the August 1942 issue of the journal "American Sociological Review." Hayner extends a wide invitation to the study of the subject announced in its title. Many of the observations as to social change reported from either the city or the village have little or nothing to do with the family. The implicit invitation here is to find out what changes occur in family life because some women now need spend less time at the metate, and to learn what induces women to come to the clinic and what changes in family life follow from dependence on the clinic. In all likelihood, growing distrust of native healers, stimulated by the clinic, is a factor contributing to both community and family disorganization. In Mexico, it is essential to distinguish the rural part, Indian village dweller from the city man in defining any problem of study, to distinguish within the city among the social classes, and to recognize the great local differences as to social organization in rural Indian Mexico. In general, change in the family will probably be found to be greatest in the middle class of the city.

The article presents various research papers published in an earlier issue of the journal " International Migration Review". All the research papers are from Latin America. "Selectivity of Migrants to a Metropolis in a Developing Country: A Mexican Case Study," by Harley L. Browming and Feindt Waltraut. "Brasil em face do intercâbio migratorlo internacional," by E. Fischlowitz. Immigration to Brasil which will always be a factor of development, especially for colonization, is stagnant. The causes of this impasse are external as well as internal. In order to come out of it a renewed administration must elaborate a politics of direction and selection. "Mesure de la migration interne au moyen des recensements: Application au Mexique," by Léon Tabah, describes the principal methods of measuring internal migrations through Census bulletins and presents an application to Mexico.

The article focuses on the paper "Big Companies Think Small When Moving Into Mexico," published in the December 24, 1960 issue of the journal "Business Week." The paper is a study of how U.S. companies are adapting to the use of much hand labor and small scale operations to manufacture profitably in Mexico.

The article examines the economic development in rural Mexico. It describes an experiment in which general liberal arts undergraduates lived in rural Mexico to study economic development. It also summarizes an evaluation of the costs and benefits of the experiment. The experiment was prompted by disappointment with on-campus courses in economic development. It was hypothesized that a field course could efficiently achieve the instructional objectives including stimulated long-run interest in economic issues, a high degree of economic knowledge etc. The program sent about twenty undergraduates with graduate student tutors each term to a small Mexican village. Evaluation data from the spring 1970 group appears to be representative of the program and indicates less than total success in teaching the postulated instructional goals. The program, however, very successfully imparted economic knowledge and developed analytical ability. The economics instructors felt that the weekly papers showed outstanding improvement over the term, and the students themselves felt that they had achieved a fairly high level of ability for economic analysis.

Presents schedule of activities at the 15th Quadrennial Congress in nursing in Mexico City, Mexico.

Sixteenth and early 17th century records for communities in the Lower Papaloapan basin document a degree of community specialization in subsistence, trade, and tribute. These specializations coordinate with environmental differences among the communities. Gulf coast zonation in rosources and specializations does not indicate that environmental and economic redundancy are pervasive factors in the 16th century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the factors which hinder the success of labor-intensive export industries in Mexico. Effect of import substitution policies on the cost of materials; Impact of welfare expenditures on labor cost; Reason for the need of the Mexican government to increase the cost of social security.

A quantitative assessment of the "green revolution" associated with Mexican varieties of wheat in the Indian Punjab is attempted as alternative to the usual impressionistic assessments. Results indicate that the technical change has been cost-saving and has not been strongly biased in either a labor-saving or a capital-saving direction. Wheat production experienced a favorable cost curve shift on the order of about 16 percent. Input demands per acre increased by about 25 percent. Increased capitalized land values lead to inferences about income distribution and constitute a source for reinvestments designed to maintain the momentum of the "green revolution." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of the corner-timbered log house in Mexico has puzzled cultural geographers. One would expect an indigenous or Spanish origin, but suggested agents of introduction include central European priests and Japanese immigrants. This study postulates introduction by German miners arriving in Sultepec in 1536. Miners brought corner-timbering to other parts of central Mexico in the 1820's. The technique diffused to northern Mexico from the United States [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heavy exploitation of groundwater resources, with the help of government credit and infrastructural investment, has created the most important agricultural/district of Baia California Sur in the Santo Domingo Valley. Colonization of the Valley in the 1950s illustrates the interrelated problems of opening desert land for agriculture. These problems involve adjustment to the natural environment and to the sociopolitical milieu that produced the need for colonization. Attempts to ‘extend the life’ of the Valley include new water-conserving irrigation techniques and diversification of the economy, but these attempts appear threatened by demands for redistribution of land to the evergrowing number of landless poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the more apparent conclusions concerning Mexico's import policy for the 1930-70 period is that it has been singleminded. In each of the periods investigated the main thrust of policy has been aimed at the establishment and the further expansion of domestic industry. Three main protective instruments were employed to implement this import policy-tariffs, import licenses and official prices. The tariff was the main apparatus administered to adjust the level of protection, but it was used with varying intensity over the years studied. From 1930 to the early Fifties the manipulation of the tariff schedule was the most important tool in the protective kit. While tariff levels changed from the Fifties to the late Sixties (some- times to attain objectives other than protection), the import license was subject to increased usage and it eventually took center stage as the primary instrument for protection. Acting as an import quota system, the licensing system was of course a stronger restrictive device than the tariff. The increasing number of items requiring licenses was supported by a continually expanding tariff list upon which licenses were based. This increased listing of specific items facilitated the protection given to various phases of the production process. The license has sewed both to provide protection and to restrain tariff increases by rendering them less necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Summary, results of a first pilot study of cultural differences in concept formation by children nine to 11 years old suggest intriguing differences between the total samples and between the sexes in the Mexican hut not in the United States group. The Mexican girls apparent preference for low levels of abstraction in categorization objects, if confirmed in the proposed study, may open the way for exploration of the effects of culturally defined roles for boys and girls upon the development of specific cognitive structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the extent to which the stereotype of the Mexican-American youth actually accords with empirically perceptible social types in this segment of the American population. This problem is approached by a portrayal of the adjustments actually made and the roles assumed by certain observable types of Mexican youths in Detroit, Michigan. The roles of boys and girls in the Mexican immigrant family are considerably altered in Detroit from the roles which are culturally ordained in Mexico. The child of the immigrant comes to have duties and obligations of a sort which function to alter his own conception of self and that ascribed to him by the parental generation. A distinctive type is the son of Mexican parents who, because of such personal attributes as a light skin color, athletic ability, and savoir faire with girls, finds himself acceptable to "middle class" Americans and tends ultimately to assimilate completely. He is likely to have gone to high school. As a youth of twenty he enjoys a beer garden reputation as a "lady killer."

Examines the anti-Chinese campaign carried out in Sonora, Mexico in the 1920s and 1930s. Use of Chinese workmen in the development of railroads, dams, agricultural lands and mining operations; Limits on the duration of stay of Chinese immigrant workers; Expectation for the Chinese to return to China at the termination of their contracts; Citizens' reaction against the use of foreign capital.

Outlines the Spanish colonial-period history of the Conchos River - La Junta region of Chihuahua, Mexico for the understanding of events which led to the 1684 revolt of Conchos and other Indians against the Spaniards. Development of a nativistic movement led by a Concho Indian named Taagua; Explanation of the movement in terms of discussions of revitalization movements.

Examines the 1911 invasion of Baja California, Mexico. Aim of the revolution and invasion as an attempt to oust Mexican dictator Porfirio Diaz; Course of events leading to the invasion; Indians in the Revolution; Advent of Magonistas in 1911; Indian casualties of the revolution; Major Indian casualties of the period resulting from the executions of the Indians.

Examines the ethnohistory of the Indians of Sonora, Mexico from 1821 to 1910. Products of missions; Hostility between Apaches and Sonorans.

A synthesis of the writings of Mexican social scientists suggests that Mexican family roles are primarily determined by the submission of female to male and of younger to older. The husband wife relationship emphasizes his manliness or machismo and his role as authoritarian patriarch. The father-son relationship tends to be distant, respectful, and frequently severe. The mother helps prepare the son for dominance and independence. The father-daughter relationship is distant though relatively conflict-free. The mother-daughter relationship is very close, the daughter achieving an early identification with the female role. Younger siblings respect the older ones and especially girls their brothers. Sister-sister relations remain close throughout life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The concept of structural differentiation, defined as the capacity of a social system to process a diversity of information types, is explored by means of 13 measures in a sample of rural Mexican families. The measures, ranging from conventional level-of-living indices to scales of food consumption and participation in fiestas, are shown to be interpretable in terms of differentiation. A principal-components analysis demonstrates the presence of one main factor, although one other, called farm continuity, also appears. The differentiation concept is contrasted to cognate terms and a reinterpretation of the classical industrialization-conjugal family association is offered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the mangrove ecology and the deltaic geomorphology specifically in some areas off Tabasco in Mexico. It highlights the significance of physiographic-ecological relationship in alluvial coasts. Coastal plant distribution and geomorphic processes were recorded along with the extent of vegetation communities and landform units. Mangroves along the Grijalva-Usumacinta Delta in Tabasco and Campeche in Mexico were the subject of this investigation. Information were observed on distribution, relation to landforms, and the dynamic ecology in response to changes in geomorphology.