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The article informs that the American Standards Association (ASA) approved on February 27, 1950 the American Standard Method for Determining Residual Thiosulfate and tetrathionate in Processed Photographic Papers sponsored by the Optical Society of America. The ASA classification is Z38.8.25-1950, and the UDC 77.023. The Standard contained in an eight page leaflet may be secured from the American Standards Association Inc., 70 East 45th Street, New York 17, New York, at a cost of $0.35 (thirty-five cents). From the same source a free list of all standards approved to date, including 142 dealing with photography, is available.

The article reports on conversion clause in the United States. American monetary history is full of strange happenings and queer events beginning with the resolution of Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1690 explaining the issue of the first paper money. It referred to "the sundry considerable debts" which had been contracted "for maintaining their Majesties" interests against hostile invasions of their French and Indian enemies," the actual fact being that the colony had sent an expedition against Quebec in the expectation that plunder would pay the costs thereof. It is true that the highest prices at which the five-twenty bonds sold on the New York market never exceeded 14 points above par in 1864 and 12 points above in 1865, whereas at the same time the premiums on gold were in the ranges 77-85 and 98-105, respectively. In the years following the war the gap between the premium on the bonds and on gold steadily narrowed. By late 1869 the gap had disappeared and from 1870 on the advantage clearly lay with the bonds, their market premium over par persistently exceeding the gold premium. Senator John Sherman pointed out on the floor of the Senate, March 6, 1876, that even the government's 5 per cent bonds had been "at par with gold for the past five years" while the greenbacks had been "from 6 to 22 per cent below gold."

This article reports on the convention of the American Sociological Association. The article further refers to a sociologist who is so much a part of normal society that today one of the stores is tendering a fashion show for his wife to indicate her status equal to the wife of doctor, politician or any other example of social adjustment to be found at a convention in New York. According to the author, the paper presented at the convention can only represent a tiny sample of all the chaff that is annually struck up by this vast communal threshing crew. People owe many of these papers to the broad tolerance of the American academic community which apparently approved and even financed them without one man in a supervisory position having the discourtesy to suggest that the matter under study was self-evident. There seems also to be developing a sociology within sociology which promises much. Its best sample is a paper which indicates that persons who fail to answer sociological questionnaires by mail come from homes where their parents habitually beat them.

The purpose of this paper is to quantify supply and demand functions for the Euro-dollar deposits borrowed by New York banks from their own foreign branches. Reduced form equations are estimated from weekly data covering the period 1966-68 and tested by predicting the first seven months of 1969. All data are from the Federal Reserve Bulletin, except where noted otherwise, and are denominated in millions of dollars or per cent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper attempts to define some of the critical problems relating to agents' compensation—from the standpoints of the insurance companies, policyholders, regulatory bodies and the agents themselves. The provisions, purpose and implications of Section 213 of the New York expense limitation law are reviewed. The impact of various new agents' financing plans and patterns of agents' compensation (i.e., renewal commissions, vesting provisions, service fees) is explored. Particular attention is focused on the problem of inadequate service, orphaned policyholders and related agents' compensation. A study of New England Life agents' Income levels by years of service is set forth. Compensation problems in certain special markets (Minimum Deposit, Pension Trust, Tax-Sheltered Annuities, Split-Life, Mutual Funds, Salary Savings, Variable Life) are reviewed. The paper concludes with some thoughts regarding possible changes in the Ordinary agency distribution system of the future, particularly as it relates to the ‘expanded financial services’ concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research reported in this paper studied 240 rural youths in four central New York high schools. It investigated (1) the relationship between value orientations and the education and occupation choice-making process, and (2) the structural antecedents of those value orientations. Choice making was classified in two levels: aspirations and plans. An instrument was constructed which aimed at ranking individuals on a latent continuum for each of twelve values. The findings support the general hypothesis that in the education and occupation decision process there is a relationship between an individual's value orientations and the choice that an individual makes from among the alternatives available. The findings further suggest that the influence of values on choices decreases as freedom of opportunity is restricted by the bonds of social structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the basis of selecting science learning materials in the elementary level in New York City. It explains on the eagerness of adults and children to learn about and make use of new scientific developments. It focuses on the need for science learning materials on the elementary level to make the pursuit of science by young people. It provides information on the potentialities of using science learning materials by youngsters in the elementary level.

The article presents Stanley W. Black's response to commentary from John J. Valentini and Lacy H. Hunt III about his article "An Econometric Study of Euro-Dollar Borrowing by New York Banks and the Rate of Interest on Eurodollars," which appeared in the March, 1971 edition of the "Journal of Finance." Black defends his use of ordinary least squares to estimate parameters in his model by noting the estimates are for reduced form equations. He also defends his use of a time trend in both his supply and demand equations.

The article examines the demand for New York State Mutual Savings Bank deposits during the period 1960-1969. Monthly and quarterly levels and changes in savings deposits are regressed against personal income, the rate paid on savings accounts, and the rate available form AAA-rated bonds. The authors discuss their results, and use the regression coefficients to compare actual savings for the first quarter of 1970 with those predicted by their model. In this instance, the "level" equations performed better than the "change" equations.

The article profiles William Jay, a judge from Westchester County, New York, who contributed toward international peace. Though Jay did not participate in the organized peace movement during the first decades of its existence, he had done thinking, research and private writing on the subject. In 1845, he addressed the annual meeting of the American Peace Society in Boston, Massachusetts. His address was also widely distributed and read. Some of Jay's works include "War and Peace," and "Review of the Mexican War."

This article presents a response to a critique on the sampling method utilized in a study regarding the effect of ownership types on the performance characteristics of stock and mutual life insurance companies in the U.S. The sample is longitudinal rather than cross-sectional; it is the years 1952 through 1966, which were selected from a population of all years, past and future, in which stocks and mutual life insurance companies operated under New York regulations. Companies with less than fifteen years of operations prior to 1952 were excluded from the sample, because new and old life insurance companies cannot be compared in the financial dimensions which were most appropriated for the purposes of the study. Similarly, three atypical companies were deleted from the sample, because these firms were neither comparable nor in competition with other stock and mutual life insurance companies. The stock-mutual study was not a statistical exercise, but an effort to provide insight into an issue of considerable importance--the effect of different ownership forms on the performance of business activities. In a wider sphere, it can be said with some assurance that the prime determinants of economic efficiency are market and property rights--the effects of centralization or decentralization of market decisions and the distributional effects associated with different forms of ownership.

This article presents various developments in the field of sociology. The next annual meeting of the American Public Health Association for selection of papers for the Medical Care Section program will be held during October 26-30, 1970, at Houston, Texas may submit their papers. The "Indian Journal of Sociology" is now being published twice a year by the Academic Journals of India, a nonprofit organization. Researcher Harold Capener and Jerry Stockdale are principal investigators for the "Paths Out of Poverty," a rural poverty project at Cornell University, Ithaca, New York. Two new research projects have been initiated in South Dakota State University, Brookings, South Dakota. The first of these is a project dealing with recreation for the state of South Dakota, and the second is a project dealing with low-income families of the poverty program with special emphasis on the surplus commodities aspect of the program. A team in the Department of Rural Sociology, South Dakota State University are developing a team teaching approach to the introductory sociology course of the department.

The article discusses the role played by Henry George in offering to the public the appeal for social reform set out in ''Progress and Poverty." After the momentous task of writing the book had been finished, the discouraging one remained of finding some house to publish it. George submitted the manuscript to D. Appleton & Co., which had brought out the works of Herbert Spencer. With "Progress and Poverty" off his desk, George found time hanging heavily. The one circumstance added to the other induced him to start a four page "weekly journal of politics and opinion" called The State. Occasional contributions were made by some of his friends, but in the main George provided the copy. The new paper had been launched on April 5th, before the letter arrived from the Appleton Company rejecting to print the book. After this rejection, Tom George, the author's brother took over the job of finding a publisher. Leaving his home in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, the author's brother made the rounds in New York, acting under advisement of Professor William Swinton. Harper's turned it down unequivocally as being too revolutionary.

In the fall of 1952, a chronological study has been conducted to solve the problem of community action in the Springdale community in New York. For this purpose interviews were arranged with ten different adults who had played key roles in the action. The case study is based primarily in the weekly paper, observations made by the field workers at meetings of various organizations. Additional information was also gathered by field workers through informal contacts in the community. The roles of various organizations were also analyzed.

The article presents a study, which investigates the causes for a significant increase in mutual fire insurance companies' market in New York and Michigan from 1901 to 1950. An analysis of the fire insurance industry as it has gone through a succession of stages from competitive structure, to collusive oligopoly, under ineffective public regulation and on to a re-activation of competition, is presented. It is claimed that the latter has been brought about chiefly, but not exclusively, by the vertical integration of groups of carriers of fire insurance into the insurance business by the establishment and growth of mutual insurance companies. The analysis in this paper has taken place in the framework of four time periods: time period one starts when rating bureaus first began to function and ends when state regulation of fire insurance rates began. Time period two begins with this state regulation and ends when mutual fire insurance companies had made a substantial inroad on the market share of the stock companies. Time period three commences where time period two terminates and ends when stock company rate deviations from bureau rates became a strong factor in the market.

This article focuses on the assessment of verbal inquiry junior high science in New York. A number of educators have advocated the use of the verbal medium for the training of skills in scientific inquiry. Several studies based on the methods outlined in the Illinois program have been carried out by the author of this paper. The Suchman analysis scheme is based on a logical analysis of inquiry. Questions are assigned to eleven classes, according to their logical function in the inquiry. A verbal inquiry test was developed from items involving thirty-five millimeter color slides of science phenomena.

This article presents information related to religious institutions, meetings and communications. The Religious Education Association has published a research supplement to its journal "Religious Education," titled "Review of Recent Research Bearing on Religious and Character Formation." This supplement, dated July-August, 1962, can be secured from The Religious Education Association, 545 West 111th Street, New York 25, at a cost of $3. It is edited by Stuart W. Cook and contains ten essays, each a significant survey and analysis of recent research, with extensive references to other work being done. The annual meeting of the Society for the Scientific Study of Religion is to be held October 26-27, at the Inter-church Center, Riverside Drive, New York. Attention has been called to a study by Charles H. Foster, "A Question on Religion," published as paper numbered sixty-six in The Inter-University case Program, University of Alabama Press. This study is addressed to the issue of whether a question concerning religious affiliation should be included in the U.S. Census.

The article reports that some 230 registrants met at the Sheraton Hotel in Rochester, New York, on the first three days of April for the Sixth Annual Meeting of the National Microfilm Association. Previous meetings have been held in Washington, New York, Cleveland, Boston and Chicago. As Rochester is the home of most of the companies that supply equipment and materials to the microfilm trade, it was a particularly appropriate meeting place.

This article presents views on the assertion made that different performance characteristics of stock and mutual life insurance companies are caused by the difference in the two ownership types. It is contended that the sample presented enables application of statistical inference to the population of stock and mutual life insurance companies operating under New York State regulations. One is inclined to argue that statistical inference cannot be applied here, because the companies investigated do not comprise a sample, but a census of all typical life insurance companies licensed in the New York State. The said sample: excludes new companies, namely, those which had less than fifteen years of operation prior to 1952; excludes atypical firms, namely, those limited to certain customer groups or certain products; and it includes all other companies licensed in New York. The omission of new companies may be critical. On the one hand, one of the main reasons for undertaking the study was the rapid increase in the market share of stock companies. On the other hand, it is suggested that some of the change in the relative position of stocks and mutuals may be attributed to the many new stock companies which began operations during the years covered.

This study is addressed to the hypothesis that very large insurers have become less efficient in their ordinary line of participating business during recent years while smaller insurers have become relatively more efficient. Thirty life insurers operating in the State of New York are divided into four size categories and the changes in expense ratios are analyzed for the period of 1961 through 1970. Strong support for the hypothesis is found with home office expenses; however, field expenses increased at a similar rate in all size categories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information about the third biennial conference held on August 26-27, 1972 in Plattsburgh, New York is presented. The dimensions of the conference theme were dramatized in the opening session by Michael Washburn. It stated that in a group discussion, it became clear that war and social and environmental destruction are bound together in their hopes and fears, and in reality. Moreover, the said conference concentrated on models of education in its third session.

The article presents minutes of the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society, 1959. The meeting was called to order by President Harold Hoffsommer with the following Committee members present: Ward W. Bauder, Olaf F. Larson, Charles R. Hoffer, Walter C. McKain, Herbert F. Lionberger, and Charles F. Ramsey, Managing Editor. President Hoffsommer announced the appointment of William Reeder, Chairman, and Stephen Brower as an Auditing Committee, and Leland Tate and Francina Nolan as members of a Resolutions Committee with the former as chairman. A motion by C. R. Hoffer that the annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society for 1960 be held at Pennsylvania State College on August 25-27, was seconded and unanimously approved. Larson indicated that he had been advised by the appropriate New York State authorities that the Society would not be required to register as a charitable organization in the State of New York. However, he stressed that it would be necessary for future officers of the Society to refrain from any activity that could be construed as fund raising, to maintain this position. Lionberger reported that action to establish tax-exempt status of the Society with the Internal Revenue Service had been taken but that no notification of action taken by the latter had been obtained. Three proposals by the Board of Editors to the Executive Committee were considered.

The article presents information on various developments related to the field of rural sociology. The annual meeting of the Rural Sociological Society will be held in New York City, during December 27-30, 1941, with headquarters at the Roosevelt Hotel. In another development, "The Southeastern Workshop in Community Development," will be held on the University Campus from June 9 to July 15, 1941. This workshop, directed by C.B. Loomis, will attempt to analyze and evaluate the five years experience of the Greenville County Council for Community Development. The main emphasis of the workshop will be on rural community development. The first two weeks will be spent in visitation and study of Greenville County and the work of the County Council. The next week is planned for a critical evaluation of the Council's work undertaken by several special subject committees on community, education, welfare, etc.

This article presents news related to rural sociology as of March 1, 1936. The annual business meeting of the Section on Rural Sociology, American Sociological Society, was held at the Commodore Hotel, New York City on December 29, 1935. The meeting was called to order by the Chairman of the Section, B.L. Hummel, at 9:45 a.m. Minutes of the 1934 meeting were read and approved. Several members of the section suggested the need for improved publication facilities for rural sociologists and for an improved and enlarged annual program to include material of interest to teachers of rural sociology as well as the research and extension personnel.

This article explains why increasing the policy limits of savings bank life insurance in Connecticut will be a competitive threat to insurance companies and underwriters. The controversy over the statutory policy limits of savings bank life insurance in the State of Connecticut predates even the enactment of the 1941 statute which authorized the establishment of savings bank life insurance in that State. Massachusetts and New York have enacted statutory measures for the sale of life insurance through mutual savings banks, and the arguments of the proponents of the legislation in Connecticut in 1967 are those which have been made almost since the inception of the savings bank life insurance scheme. They are as follows: (1) Increases in factory workers' average yearly wages since the enactment of the savings bank life insurance law in 1941 make necessary correlative increases in policy limits. (2) Limitations of any kind are violative of concepts of fair play and free competition. (3) Life insurance agents and their companies will not be harmed by increases in permitted policy limits since the amount of savings bank life insurance is small in comparison to that written by life insurance companies through underwriters and agents. (4) The public will be protected and safeguarded by a licensing provision incorporated as an adjunct to the current policy limit increase proposal which will require bank employees directly involved in the sale of insurance to pass a licensing examination prescribed by the Insurance Commissioner of Connecticut. (5) There is, in general, a substantial public benefit intrinsic in the sale of savings bank life insurance.

The article discusses the Dual Progress Plan (DPP) introduced by the West Irondequoit Central School District (WICSD) in its three middle schools in September 1962 in New York. The New York University and the University of Rochester has conducted an intensive program of preparation for the program. WICSD has felt the need to replace the self-contained classroom plan in grades 5 and 6 with a program that provides specialist teaching, teacher teamwork to coordinate instruction and non-graded grouping for science instruction. DPP committee has begun the task of outlining a course of study for middle grade science in 1961-1962. The curriculum is used as a guide for lesson and unit planning through out the year. Ninety-seven percent of the full-time DPP teachers has favored specialist teaching.

Information about several papers discussed at the Twenty-fifth Conference on the Education of Teachers in Science, at the Teachers College, Columbia University, New York, on November 18 and 19, 1949, is presented. "An Appraisal and Look to the Future of Teacher Education in Science," was the general theme of the conference. Proposals regarding the nature and function of schools were discussed. The conference featured experts like S. Ralph Powers, Head of the Department of Natural Sciences at the Teachers College.

Discusses the statistical information concerning the written and oral examinations of modern language teachers in the State of New York in 1917. Explanation for the wide variation in the percentage of papers written accepted by the Department; Rise in the general level of modern language teaching in the State.

This article reports on the formation of the World Congress that aims to deal with the problems of human infertility. In October 1951, an International Fertility Association was organized at a meeting in Brazil, and this international association, jointly with the American Society for the Study of Sterility, decided to call a World Congress on Fertility and Sterility. This First World Congress was held in New York in May 1953. It was called together primarily to provide an opportunity for students of the subject on the clinical and research levels to exchange information and to correlate procedures, techniques, and therapies available for the care of the infertile couple. The popularity of the congress is evidenced by the fact that it was attended by delegates from every continent. The Program Committee of the congress recognized that a conference dealing with the problems of human fertility must concern itself in part with the general social and demographic aspects of national birth rates and population growths. Most of the scientific papers and the discussions of the congress dealt with the physical and organic aspects of infertility. New techniques were described and new methods of diagnosis and therapy were discussed.

In a recent article in this Journal, Stanley W. Black quantifies supply and demand functions for Eurodollar deposits borrowed by New York banks from their own overseas branches. This note will suggest several important modifications in his supply and demand functions for those interested in further research along the lines suggested in Black's approach. It will also summarize the results of regression analyses used in examining changes in Eurodollar borrowings by U.S. banks from their branches abroad. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent article by S. Black on Eurodollar borrowing provides useful insights regarding this market. In particular, the two structural equations [denoted (1) and (2) in Black's study] incorporate many of the arguments that potential borrowers and lenders in this market must utilize in the decision-making process. Yet, two important qualifications emerge from a careful examination of this study. The object of this note is to examine these qualifications in detail and then to determine whether Black's results provide an adequate description of the Eurodollar market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses checks and their importance as a medium of exchange that is free of regulation, and, it seems, analysis. This article examines the price determinants and price impact in New York State of special banking services known under several names that include Checkmaster, Check-o-matic, or Autocheck. The article focuses on the cost reductions that result in an average price, the profitability of the service, and the insulated nature of the pricing component of checking services. Structure of the price, bank revenue and price, bank costs and profits, comparative prices, and competition are all considered.

The article examines research conducted by the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) on the field of share ownership. The authors outline the five major objectives of their work: gathering accurate information on the shareholders, analyzing the basic motivations behind stock trading, generating financial statistics, creating methods to help firms broaden share ownership, and understanding public attitudes towards the Exchange. They also describe an extensive study by the Brookings Institute pertaining to the first two objectives.

The article announces the establishment of clearinghouse for social and humanistic research on Jewish subjects by YIVO Institute for Jewish Research in New York City. It invites all individuals who conducted research on Jewish topics, including doctoral dissertations and masteral theses, to answer the questionnaire which will be supplied by the university upon request. The participating scholars will receive an annual list of studies, completed or in progress,that will be registered with the clearinghouse

This article presents information about the study "Simplifying Bibliographic Procedure," by L.C. Stork. This study was presented before the Chemical Literature Division of the American Chemical Society in Boston, Massachusetts on April 2, 1951. The study describes a system of random coding used at the Texas Company, Beacon, New York, in preparing comprehensive bibliographies and literature surveys. It is emphasized that random numbers cannot be assigned without the use of prepared tables of such numbers.

The article presents information about an interim report to the Carnegie Corp. of New York on the work of the Center for Scientific Aids to Learning at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After detailing the administrative history of the project, separate reports on the several discrete branches of activity are given. These include the Documentation, the Speech Analysis and the Indexing and Coding for Machine Selection Projects.

The article presents an account of the book "Assessment of Human Motives," edited by Gardner Lindzey. The book summarizes the 1957 conference held at Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, consisting of nine important papers by eminent psychologists.

The article focuses on the New York Public Library which has announced completion and availability of Yank on 35mm microfilm. A complete checklist compiled by C. E. Dornbush is used as the basis for the microfilm reproduction. The checklist is supplied free of charge with each complete set or may be purchased separately at a cost of twenty-five cents. In all twenty editions of varying periods are contained in 49 reels comprising 2,900 feet of film. All reels are not full. The several editions may be purchased separately. The price of a complete set is $250 express included.

On September 31, 1968, young men in their 20's and 30's assembled at the Syracuse University Conference Center at Lake Minnowbrook in the Adirondacks to assess the contemporary dimensions of public administration. The participants, representing 27 different universities and agencies across the country, devoted three-and-a-half days to free and essentially unstructured discussion. The papers and some additional readings from the Public Administration Review were mailed in advance. Topics included normative theory, empirical theory, comparative public administration, administrative decision making, organizational theory,, collective negotiations in the public service and higher education for public service. The focus of public administration has been and remains public-administered organizations, but much greater emphasis and analysis should be devoted to the political and public context in which these organizations function. Public organizations must find additional supporters and resources to cope with the multiple revolutions now shaking them.

Reports on the issues discussed at the 1961 meeting of the New York State Federation of Foreign Language Teachers. Summary of the paper entitled 'Programming Modern Foreign Languages'; Issues discussed by Mary E. Hayes.

This article presents information on an announcement made by the Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy, published in the September 1, 1972 issue of the journal "Psychophysiology." Its Sixth Annual Meeting will be held between October 6, 1972 and October 8, 1972 at the New York Hilton Hotel, New York city.

The article presents certain announcements related to psychophysiology. The Association for Advancement of Behavior Therapy announced its Sixth Annual Meeting which was held on October 6-8, 1972, at the New York Hilton Hotel, New York, New York. The Twelfth Annual Meeting of the Society for Psychophysiological Research was held in Boston, Massachusetts, at the Sheraton-Plaza Hotel, Copley Square from November 9-12, 1972. The Society for Psychophysiological Research has made all issues of Psychophysiology, volumes 1 through 8, available from the Editor's office.

This article highlights the Student National Sociological Conference held at the Commodore Hotel in New York City on December 27 and 28, 1935. The students appearing on the program represented the several colleges and universities, including the University of Cincinnati, College of the City of New York, University of Michigan, Miami University, Duke University, Vassar College and University of Missouri. The papers and research projects presented were scholarly pieces of work and proved both interesting and valuable. The conference offered a splendid opportunity for students to meet and exchange ideas on sociological problems.

Presents news briefs related to criminology in New York as of August 1964. Recommendations of a committee of the New York County Lawyers' Association regarding the treatment of the accused in television news reporting; Acceptance of an appointment with the International Association of Chiefs of Police by James Stinchcomb; Publication of the paper presented by Ruth Shonle Cavan at the 1961 American Society of Criminology.

To investigate inter- and intragenerational influences in adolescent marijuana use, a survey was undertaken on a representative sample of public secondary school students in New York State. Independent data were obtained from adolescents, their parents, and their best- school-friends. These relational data document the crucial role which members of the same generation play in adolescent illegal drug use. Involvement with other drug-using adolescents is a more important correlate of adolescent marijuana use than is parental use of psychoactive drugs or alcohol (which provides a small influence). Inter- and intragenerational influences are synergistic, however. The highest rates of marijuana usage are observed among adolescents whose parents and best friends are drug users. Interactional generational factors influence levels of intragenerational influences. Implications of these data for parental and peer influence, the generation gap, and social change are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the study concerning the ideological conflict underlying modern penology as observed by the New York State Department of Corrections. According to the authors, the study is one of the acute changes within the correctional system, which incites a series of constitutional decisions by the U.S. Supreme Court and lower court guaranteeing civil rights to those incarcerated. It also indicates that the correctional systems are running scared due to their inability to cope with unprecedented violence involving correctional populations.

The article focuses on the study which compared diagnostic classification practices of the medical staff at the Dannemora State Hospital (DSH) conducted by a staff from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Hospital Improvement Program in 1967-1971 in New York. The mental health and penal codes of the state specify a standard procedure for commitment in correctional mental hospitals for prisoners who develop mental disorders. The study indicates that warden of any penal institution may initiate a commitment procedure in which two independent physicians examine the prisoner. The conditions of commitment and hospital diagnostic classifications of all patients at the state hospital are also explored.

The article focuses on the study about the nature of the special problem incurred by the black extremist in a correctional mental hospital in New York. According to the authors, one problem perplexing the security personnel in the state's correctional system was the appearance of the black extremist inmate. The security staff at Dannemora State Hospital responded to the implied threat of his presence using the routine measures employed by security staffs in handling dangerous prisoners. Another technique which involved the restriction of the verbal behavior of the inmate is also discussed.

The article focuses on the study concerning the need for security protection in correctional institutions as observed by the staff from the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) Hospital Improvement Program at the Dannemora State Hospital (DSH) in 1967-1972 in New York. According to the authors, the operation of DSH during this period as a correctional mental hospital receiving all patients from institutions under the New York Department of Correction was phased out. The study also cited that the patient rehabilitation projects were impeded by the operations of the DSH Security staff.