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This paper describes the theoretical background, methodology, and results of a small water-pollution study conducted in a suburban Canadian community. In the study, preferences of heads of households were determined for different levels of environmental water quality and cost to the household of achieving this quality. Inferences are drawn from the preference data about the underlying individual utility functions. Implications of the study methodology and results for social decision making are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to derive hypothetical optimal group policy configurations corresponding to different short-run Phillips curves and different assumptions concerning the rate of U.S. inflation. This issue is analyzed in terms of the minimization of community group disutility functions, subject to alternative short-run Phillips relationships. The effects of imported inflation on optimal policy are measured by determining optimal reaction functions for various community groups and political parties. Actual policy is then compared with optimal policy and suggestions are made about the ways in which the welfare of the various community groups can be permanently increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the paper "The Merchantile Bank Affair," by John Fayerweather. In his paper, the author discusses the effect of First National City Bank's ownership of Mercantile Bank on national monetary control and the competitive status of national banks in Canada. He informs that in 1963 First National City Bank of New York bought the Mercantile Bank from its Dutch owners. At the time Mercantile was a very small part of the Canadian banking industry. However, the purchase represented the first U. S. entry into the industry dominated by eight nationwide chartered banks and aroused strong nationalistic reaction. The acquisition could legally be completed without official approval but the government counteracted by proposing a change in the banking law that would in effect force Citibank to give up 75% of its control. A major struggle ensued involving the Canadian and U. S. governments. The affair is a significant milestone in the evolution of Canadian foreign investment policy because it is the only case in which the concept of forced divestiture has been strongly pursued.

The present paper constructs an index of the overall level of entry barriers for each of the 71 Canadian three-digit manufacturing industries. This index, and its underlying methodology, should be more useful than any alternative empirical measure of overall entry barriers currently available. Some measure of the overall level of entry barriers is crucial to anti-trust investigators, as well as economists interested in the interaction between market structure and performance. This index of entry barriers is then employed to re-examine several issues current in the market structure-performance literature. Often economists expect a strong positive relationship between entry barriers and long-run average profit rates. However, there are several reasons why this relationship may not be detected in empirical investigations based on reported profit rates. An industry may record relatively high profit rates without entry barriers if its equity is understated due to the omission of intangible capital created by advertising or research and development. An industry with high entry barriers may be relatively unprofitable if the rents of many of the scarce factors have been capitalized. Similarly, high barriers and only modest profits will coincide if the benefits of monopoly power are reflected in inefficiency or non-monetary benefits rather than profits. Another factor preventing a strong positive relationship between entry barriers and profit rates is limit pricing.

Unions in a general equilibrium model. This paper attempts to determine a union's equilibrium wage-employment tradeoff, i.e. the percentage change in the union wage which, will occur if the union restricts employment in the unionized industry by 1 per cent, taking into account the induced responses of producers and consumers. The paper also determines the changes in the real income of the various consumer groups in the model induced by the union distortion. Duality theory is used in order to derive 'painlessly' the union's employment-wage tradeoff as a function of the various elasticities of substitution and distributive shares, both in production and consumption. An illustrative numerical example based on Canadian data is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper analyzes bid-ask spreads on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) and compares them to those of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Pricing data were compiled for a total of 177 TSE stocks from December 1 to December 13, 1971. Comparisons with NYSE pricing data from previous studies reveal spreads to be wider and marketability services as a whole more costly on the TSE. Possible explanations include structural differences between the two markets, as well as the differing roles of NYSE specialists and TSE registered traders.

This paper presents a critical evaluation of some methods commonly used in estimating flexibility coefficients for recursive programming models. It also suggests an alternative procedure for estimating coefficients that vary from year to year depending upon economic and noneconomic conditions. This method was found empirically superior to some previous approaches.

The Capital Bias of DREE Incentives. This paper argues that the capital bias of the regional industrial subsidies offered by the Department of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE) under the Regional Development Incentives Act (RDIA) is inconsistent with the Department's primary objective - increasing employment in depressed regions, DREE is found to lower the costs of capital more than labour in all aspects of the RDIA incentive program. These aspects include (1) the three regional maximum-grant formulas, (2) the RDIA section which constrains grants to less than one half of the firm's capital, and (3) the individual grant offers made to firms by the department. In most cases, taxation is shown to lower the government's net payment without affecting the bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tests for certain benefits of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sectors of two leading host countries---Canada and Australia. A quest for evidence on the effects of the multinational corporation needs little defense at a time when host and source countries alike incline towards restricting its activities. Economic theory tells us that intramarginal[2] gains from foreign investment take diverse forms. An evident and tangible gain to the host government stems from the corporate income tax collected from subsidiaries (net of the incremental cost of public services supplied to them). Other benefits, conjectural and elusive but possibly large, lie in the effects of direct investment on the value productivity of resources owned by the host economy (Macdougall, 1960; Corden, 1967; Caves, 1971). The host nation's private sector does not benefit directly because the foreign subsidiary is efficient, or brings to its shores skilled entrepreneurship or productive knowledge. Rather its gains depend on spill-overs of productivity that occur when the multinational corporation cannot capture all quasi-rents due to its productive activities, or to the removal of distortions by the subsidiary's competitive pressure. These potential benefits can be divided into three classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic determinants of entry into Canadian banking, 1963-7. The objective of this paper is to examine whether those barriers to entry which explain entry reasonably well in the manufacturing industries also explain entry in Canadian banking. On the basis of projections to banking from estimates over the manufacturing industries we predict a rate of entry into banking of over two new banks per year. This is significantly more than the observed rate over the relevant 1963-7 period of 0.25. The economic barriers to entry leave the low rate of entry into banking largely unexplained but there are provisions in the Bank Act which could be crucial entry barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facies relationships in Pleistocene braided outwash deposits in southern Ontario demonstrate the presence of a large braid bar with adjacent side channel. The core of the bar is up to 6 m high, and consists of crudely horizontally stratified gravels. Downstream from the core is the bar front facies, consisting of large gravelly foresets up to 4 m high, rounded off in many places by reactivation surfaces. Upstream from the core is the bar stoss side facies consisting of several sets (individually up to 35 cm thick) of tabular cross-bedding, arranged in coarsening-upward sequences. The stoss side-core-bar front relationships are continuously exposed in one 400 m long quarry face which is cut almost parallel to the palacoflow direction. A transverse quarry face shows the side channel facies, which consists if trough cross-bedded sands. Gravel layers can be seen to finger from the main gravelly bar into the sandy side channel, but they do not reach the base of the channel. This surprising relationship indicates that gravel moved only in the topographically higher parts of the system. After deposition in the side channel, and growth upstream and downstream from the bar core, the entire system aggraded. Crudely horizontally stratified, and imbricaled gravel sheets were laid down as a bar top facies. Grain size analyses indicate strongly bimodal distributions, implying that much of the sand in the spaces between pebbles and boulders filtered in after the gravel had been deposited. This interpretation is strengthened by velocity calculations—mean velocities in excess of 300 cm/s would be needed to roll the gravel as bed load, but at such a velocity, a large amount of sand would be transported entirely in suspension. In a final section of the paper, our results are combined with other work on braided systems in an attempt to formulate a more general facies model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federal-Provincial Tax Equalization: An Evaluation. The Canadian scheme for transferring revenues from Ottawa to the poorer provinces is cast in an algebraic framework and then evaluated, both on an empirical and analytical level. Included is a sensitivity analysis designed to answer questions such as the effect on Saskatchewan's equalization payments of an increase in Nova Scotia's sales tax. Included also is a discussion of the possibility for provincial strategies under the scheme. Several alternative formulations for equalization are also presented and evaluated. The final substantive section of the paper focuses on the funding of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents updates on the Canadian Economics Association as of November 1973. Minutes of the Seventh Annual Meeting on June 2, 1973, held in Kingston; Reports of managing editors; Papers presented at the meeting.

In this paper we construct a model that describes the behavior of the foreign exchange market and Exchange Fund. Cross-spectral and regression analysis of daily data are used to show that official intervention contributed significantly to the short-run stability of Canadian exchange rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the adequacy of unit value indexes as proxies for industrial selling price indexes in Canada, in light of the considerations raised in the Searle report for the United States (summarized elsewhere in this issue). Some 3,237 regressions are run using the industrial selling price index for a commodity group as the dependent variable and the corresponding unit value index as the independent variable. The unit value indexes perform poorly as predictors of the I.S.P.I.; the overall tendency is for the unit value index to overestimate changes in the I.S.P.I., and to explain on average only about 30 percent of the total variance of the I.S.P.I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on the "Sixth International Conference on Oral Biology" to be held at Toronto, Ontario, from June 3-5, 1974. The theme of the conference will be "Pharmacology and Therapeutics." Interested scientists are invited to submit specific titles and abstracts of papers to be considered for presentation at the conference. Primary consideration will be given to research utilizing a multidiscipline approach and having a wide appeal to scientists in oral biology. Titles should clearly define the topic; a single page abstract must include a summary of materials, research methodology, results and conclusions.

The Financing of Stabilization Policies: Evidence for the Canadian Economy. This paper examines the importance of including a government financing constraint in the derivation of monetary and fiscal policy multipliers for Canada. A fixed exchange rate model (eleven stochastic equations) is estimated, and dynamic multipliers are calculated for the period 1985-70. The results, which are explained through a series of sensitivity tests, show that only the monetary policy multipliers depend dramatically on the finance constraint. Several other changes in the model's structure are also examined. The importance of a direct liquid asset effect on consumption, and an estimated negative effect of expected inflation on investment are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Market Structure and Price-Cost Margins: An Analysis of the Canadian Manufacturing Sector. This paper reports the results of an econometric investigation of the relationship between industry price-cost margins and various elements of industry structure in a cross-section of forty-three three-digit Canadian manufacturing industries during the period 1965-9. Among the elements of industry structure which are included as independent variables are the rate of growth of demand, seller concentration, product differentiation, economies of scale, and the effective rate of tariff protection. The principal conclusion of the study is that, given the rate of growth of demand and the level of capital intensity, inter-industry differences in price-cost margins are significantly correlated with a variety of measures of seller concentration. A second concluson is that a given level of seller concentration exerts a significantly greater effect on price-cost margins in the consumer goods sector than in the producer goods sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the other hand, most neo-Keynesians believe that even if there is full adjustment to expectations, the long-run PC could have a finite slope.[1,2]
This paper summarizes some of our empirical work on the relationship between unemployment and wage-price stability in Canada. The study focuses on the short-run and long-run stability of the PC, primarily with a view to considering the applicability of the Friedman-Phelps hypothesis to the Canadian experience. We will discuss in the following section four variants of the PC, two of them neo-classical in concept. The central question we will focus on will be "to what extent, and for how long, the gains in employment achieved initially by accepting a higher rate of inflation are likely to persist once people begin to catch on the game".[3] We will also present empirical estimates for each of the models. The final section will contain two forecasting tests for each of the relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents commentary about a paper written by L.B. Smith and J.W.L. Winder (S&W) entitled "Price and Interest Rate Expectations and the Demand for Money in Canada," which appeared in the June, 1971 issue of the "Journal of Finance." In that paper S&W presented a regression model in an effort to determine how the demand for real money balances is affected by expectations for interest rates. The author of the current paper presents analysis that offers a competing interpretation based on lagged responses, and also points out issues with serial correlation.

The article presents a reply to Kevin Clinton from L.B. Smith and J.W.L. Winder (S&W) concerning comments Clinton made about S&W's paper entitled "Price and Interest Rate Expectations and the Demand for Money in Canada," which appeared in the June, 1971 issue of the "Journal of Finance." S&W take issue with Clinton's interpretation of negative lag weights in their model. Additionally, they point out that a reservation Clinton had about a regression coefficient for interest rates was, in fact, consistent with their assumptions. Overall, they believe most of Clinton's criticisms stem from a misunderstanding of their work.

This paper has five main objectives: to reformulate the "administered prices inflation hypothesis"; to build a model of long-run profit maximization in firms with market power and interested in earning a target return to capital; to test the "catching-up" hypothesis and the "Ackley-Galbraith" hypothesis as two parts of the reformulated administered prices inflation hypothesis (A.P.I.H.); to study the influence of size, degree of concentration and the actual use of market power on administered prices inflation; and, finally, to analyze the effectiveness of anti-inflationary policies seen in the light of our empirical results.[1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the role of inventive and innovational activity in the growth process of Canada, a country which relies overwhelmingly, some 90 per cent, on the importation of technological advances and operational know-how from abroad. Canada has prospered under this arrangement but at a price. With technology came foreign capital, foreign management and substantial foreign control. To lessen Canada's dependence on foreign know-how, this country has embarked on an expanded R & D programme. But the pay-off from these efforts has been less than expected. To throw a light on the subject, the results of two new surveys are presented: one a sample survey of patents granted, the other an interview survey of large corporations. Questions examined include sources of know-how and technological advances, utilization of inventions and abandonment of innovations, R & D and innovations, domestic and foreign innovations, and the profitability of innovations. Aggregative assessment is supplemented by disaggregative analysis using cross-section and industry data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire study of 700 anglophone and 404 francophone Canadian university and trade school students, dealing with attitudes toward and experience of various premarital sexual intimacies. Factor analysis and step regression analysis procedures were used. A significant increase in reported intercourse experienced by women, particularly among anglophone students, and clear evidence of emergence of a new sexual morality were found. Intimacy attitude indices were best predicted by the conventionality factor among anglophones, and by the religiosity factor among francophones. Intimacy behavior indices were better predicted by relationship factors than by normative factors for both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to test the expectations theory for Canada. While several wage equations have been estimated using
1 I wish to thank Lester Taylor, Michael Wachter, Thomas Wilson and the editors for helpful comments on this study. I am also grateful to Phyllis Clark, Jan Duinker and George Ugray for most capable research assistance. Financial support for this research was provided by the Prices and Incomes Commission in Ottawa. However, the views expressed are those of the author, and the Commission has not been asked to give its approval.
2 For a rather complete summary and comparison of a number of these studies see Bodkin et al. [2]. References in square brackets are listed on pp. 16-17.
3 In particular, various expectational models have been developed by Lucas and Rapping [12], [13], Phelps [16] and Mortensen [14]. Many of the recent contributions to the theory of labour markets and inflation are contained in [17]. It should also be pointed out that Lucas and Rapping in fact develop an unemployment function in which the unemployment rate depends upon wage and price expectations, reversing the causality of the conventional Phillips curve.
Canadian data, none of the existing studies attempts to formulate the relationship in terms of the expectations hypothesis.[1] Some empirical investigations of the hypothesis have been carried out for the United States, and while the American results certainly indicate that expectations play an important part in money-wage determination, the coefficient on the expectations term is always significantly less than unity (usually about 0.4).[2] The interesting conclusion to emerge from the present study is that the Canadian experience provides much stronger support for the hypothesis. In most cases--and certainly in the statistically most satisfactory equations--the expectations coefficient turns out to be insignificantly different from unity, consistent with the neo-classical version of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to adapt the Teigen model to the Canadian economy and to test the modified form for the post-World War II experience. Toward this end, Part II will develop the Teigen model as modified for Canada, while Part III tests the model with quarterly observations for the period 19471-1968IV. Part IV will analyze the Friedman demand for money hypothesis in terms of our structural estimates and compare demand elasticities from this model with those found by other investigators. Finally, Part V will provide a summary and conclusions.
The results of the various models evaluated suggest several interesting and important considerations. The first concerns the demand for money in Canada. These estimates indicate the existence, as expected, of an important lagged response on the transaction demand side of the monetary sector and suggest that the best specification of the demand function is logarithmic rather than linear. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an attempt to examine the applicability of the relative income hypothesis (RIH) in terms of its various specifications proposed by Duesenberry, Duesenberry, Eckstein and Fromm (DEF), Davis and the authors (MD). Using the time series data for 1951 through 1968 the analysis has been carried out for Canada, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Philippines, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. It is found that RIH provides a fairly good representation of the consumption behaviour of all the countries included in the study. All specifications, however, do not perform equally well. DEF and Davis functions score the maximum points; MD comes at par with DEF in case of Finland, Guatemala, and India. The original Duesenberry specification performs very poorly. This lends us to conclude that the process of habit formation is continuous contrary to what is implied by Duesenberry's original specification and that consumption is a better indicator of the standard of living than income is. Estimates of the long-run marginal propensities to consume are essentially the same as those computed from the permanent income hypothesis by Singh and Drost [1970]. This lends support to the view that the two hypotheses have essentially the same long-run implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the program for the annual meeting of the Phycological Society of America. The meeting will be held at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, in Canada, from June 20-24, 1971. The chairmen of the program will be Harold C. Bold and Louis Druehl. All sessions of the program at which contributed papers, lectures and the symposium are presented are scheduled as joint sessions of the Phycological Society of America, the Phycological Section of the Canadian Botanical Association and the Phycological Section of the Botanical Society of America.

Analyzes the expected effect of all measures which discriminate between firms on the basis of size, and that of the elimination of the dual-tax system in general equilibrium terms in Canada. Effect on the efficiency in the use of Canada's resources; Impact on shares of the Canadian national income that accrue to labor and capital; Relationship between significant partial factor taxes and the shape of the production possibility curve.

This note highlights the sixth conference on editorial problems, which was held in November 1970 at Saint Michael's College at the University of Toronto. The conference emphasized the problem of "Editing Seventeenth Century Prose." Maurice Kelley spoke on "Editing Milton's De Doctrina." A list of the other papers read at the conference is provided.

Comments on the White Paper which contains the tax reform proposals of Canadian Royal Commission on Taxation in 1970. Increase in basic exemptions on individual and family taxation; Changes in the business and property income; Impact of the White Paper on revenues and the economy.

Focuses on the effect of the White Paper Proposals for Tax Reform implementation on various economic sectors in Canada. Establishment of the Canadian Council for Fair Taxation; Nature of capital assets; Distinction between real and inflationary capital and equity gains.

In the introduction of the paper. Economic Accounts are defined as a set of statistics useful in economic analysis and reason is defined as a province. The paper is divided into four sections the first of which contains a brief historical outline of the development of demands for provincial economic accounts and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics' response to these needs. Apart from a description of the more well-known conceptual difficulties, some of the fundamental problems of the usefulness and applicability of a national accounting framework to the regional scene are discussed. The resource problems of constructing analytically meaningful and reliable as well as spatially reconcilable regional accounts are described. Section II outlines the impact of present policies and problems on the development of regional statistics. It describes the reasons for the Bureau's desire to strengthen its data base in regional terms and the decision to await possible construction of regional accounts till the regional data base has been fleshed out in a more systematic manner. With the development of the latter, the ability, advantages and disadvantages of the provinces undertaking their own estimates must also be more fully explored. The third part of the paper deals with an overview of work in Canada on provincial accounts carried out by organizations other than the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Section IV gives a very summary description of the data gaps which exist in presently available regional statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes some of the changes in financial administration in Canada following the report by the Royal Commission on Government Organization in 1962. The report of the Commission was generally well-received in the various circles of government. The Federal Government acted on the report almost immediately by creating a Bureau of Government Organization within the office of the Privy Council to examine the Commission's proposals. In 1964 the Bureau was transferred to the Treasury Board, which initiated several further inquiries and pilot studies in selected departments to test the applicability of the major recommendations, and the gradual process of change started.

The difference in wages between Canada's skilled and unskilled workers, in percentage terms, was substantially smaller in 1965 than in 1939. In many industries the gap has halved. An attempt is made in this paper to demonstrate the nature and extent of the narrowing during the period 19091965, and to examine some of the factors responsible for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is in part directed towards a partial examination of Canadian concepts and methods used in the deflation of constant price estimates of gross domestic product from both an expenditure and industry-of-origin point of view, and in part toward certain problems arising in the development of a conceptually balancing set of accounts in real terms. It also provides reference material to allow the reader to pursue the detailed methodology and data underlying the Canadian constant price accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Criticizes the paper of professor McInnis concerning the income of people in the Canadian regions. Materials used on the study; Justification made on the statistical method used; Claims of McInnis concerning the income of industrial nations.

This paper is a part of a larger study of economic growth in Canada, following the methods developed by Edward Denison in his book The Sources of Economic Growth in the United States and the publication Why Growth Rates Differ. The new material in this paper relates to Canada and the Canadian/U.S. comparison, while the material on Northwest Europe is drawn from the Brookings study. The present paper sets out the results to date on the differences in real output per employed person between Canada and the United States for one year, 1960. At this stage in our research the results indicate that the level of real output per employed person in Canada was about 20 per cent lower than in the United States in that year. On the basis of historical output data, it would appear that this margin of difference in Canadian/U.S. product levels has persisted throughout the present century. The central part of this paper examines the significance of differences in factor inputs in Canada and the United States and their contribution to the difference in income. The level of inputs per employed person in Canada accounts for only about 2 percentage points of the income difference between Canada and the United States. These results indicate that the overwhelming part of the difference in output per employed person between the two countries reflects the differences in output in relation to total factor inputs, rather than the magnitude of other factor inputs used in combination with labour. This result is consistent with earlier studies by Denison and others which have indicated the crucial importance of output in relation to total factor inputs, both in output growth over time and intercountry comparisons of output level. The body of the paper can give only brief attention to the numerous conceptual and statistical questions that arise in such a wide-ranging study, and the authors do not pretend to have tackled, let alone resolved, all of the wide range of problems related to this study. Nor do they claim any high degree of precision for the results, especially in the light of the statistical limitations of the basic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that adolescent residents of smaller communities have lower aspirations than adolescent residents of larger communities is well documented. A number of possible explanations have been suggested: (1) financial resources and needs, (2) educational opportunities, (3) the sociocultural context of community life, and (4) special consequences of farming. However, no previous researcher has attempted a direct empirical evaluation of the relative importance of these explanations. In this paper data from a survey of Canadian high school girls were used to evaluate the first three, since the fourth appears to apply only to boys. This analysis indicates that educational opportunity explains most of the relationship; and when both educational opportunity and community context are controlled, all relationship between community size and college aspiration disappears. Previous research allows tentative generalization of these findings to high school boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a paper presenting an overview of the quarterly national accounts in Canada compiled as of March 1965. A critical appraisal of a country's national accounts could easily entail examination of the whole structure of economic statistics, because the quality of the estimates in the accounts are to a large extent determined by the quality of the underlying data on which they are based. The first aspect of presenting this paper deals mainly with the quarterly accounts as a system of organizing current data--the arranging of available economic statistics into a balancing set of income and expenditure accounts employing conventions that have become generally acceptable during the last twenty years. The discussion on reliability is cast in general terms and is designed to place the question in perspective--in relation to the main uses the accounts are expected to serve and the character of the underlying raw material on which the end-products included in the accounts are necessarily structured.

This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 1964 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Montreal, Canada, on December 28-30, 1964. The paper entitled Father-Daughter Incest: Treatment of the Family, reports on the treatment of twenty families with the problem of father-daughter incest where the father did not serve a prison sentence but was placed on probation. The paper entitled Evaluation of Records in Delinquency Research, focuses on the Southern California Records Matching Project which deals with the manner in which the records of delinquency adjudicating agencies at the local level maybe linked with Federal Census Records in order to maximize the efficiency of data collection and analysis. The paper entitled Juvenile Court Judge's Institute, summarized attacks on the Juvenile Court from any quarters, the weaknesses that inspire these attacks, and the crucial role that the Juvenile Court has to play in spearheading the introduction of personalized justice in the administration of the criminal law. The paper entitled A Spectrum of Sexual Problems Found in an Out-Patient Setting, focuses on the Forensic Clinic which was established in 1956. It is an out-patient division of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital operated by the Ontario Department of Health under provincial statute.

The article presents information on a series of papers on Canadian executives published in the journal "Executives." The first article, published in the March, 1963 issue of the journal, deals with leading young executives. For the most part it is an analysis of a small number of young men who have already made their mark in Canadian business. The other two articles, published in the April and May, 1963 issue of the journal, present the results of a questionnaire sent to 2,000 subscribers to "Executive" of whom 30% replied. As 80% of the replies were from men over 40, this part is labeled "the senior executive." It is not in fact comparable to the article on the young men. The information obtained is typical of what magazines seek to demonstrate the character of their readership to advertisers, income, life insurance, products owned, investments, frequency of travel, influence on company purchasing decisions and the like.

The article focuses on the Annual Meeting of the National Microfilm Association held at the Hotel Carter, Cleveland on April 1 and 2, 1954. Delegates from every part of the country, from Canada and a visitor from Pakistan attended the two day meeting to participate in a general and technical program which explored the current status and latest advances of techniques of micro-documentary reproduction under the leadership of nationally known authorities. The program featured important papers on general and technical subjects.