Search

The article presents information on the use of a type of matrix to analyze citations of scientific papers. Scientific papers have a series of citations belonging to the previous literature. It is possible to investigate the internal connections among papers in a group, whose papers are frequently cited by themselves, by examining their citations. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the measurements by which the internal connections of a group of scientific papers are measured. The techniques of using the type of matrix is further developed to carry out the analysis of a certain type of group of scientific papers.

This report describes the results of automatic processing of a large number of scientific papers according to a rigorously defined criterion of coupling. The population of papers under study was ordered into groups that satisfy the stated criterion of interrelation. An examination of the papers that constitute the groups shows a high degree of logical correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the mechanical methods of enlargement production and related processes in use at the U.S. Library of Congress. The production speed, which has been initiated by the continuous enlargers just described with their continuous rolls of sensitized paper in place of the cut sheets used in the past, is maintained in the next step, the automatic processing of the exposed paper. An important feature of these film processors consists of a continuous replenishment apparatus which maintains all the processing solutions at constant strength regardless of the footage of paper that passes through the solutions.

The article presents information the Remington Rand Photoclerk paper cutter acquired by the Queens Borough Public Library to simplify clerical tasks. The Queens model is built around a Nikor Safety Trimmer, to reduce the hazards Involved. The Safety Trimmer is placed on a plywood box with the film holder on the left and a paper stop on the right. It will accommodate a full roll of developed sensitized paper and provides for fairly accurate cut-off with a receptacle for the cut slips.

Frequencies of the number of references per paper were obtained for the information science literature represented by ail papers cited in Information Science Abstracts, volumes 1-6 11966-1971). Almost one-third of the papers had no references. Half of them had four references or fewer; two-thirds had eight or fewer references. The ratio of papers without references to those with references was proposed as a measure of the scholarly status of a field. On this basis, information science was found to be less scholarly than pharmacy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports that the art and science of recording illustration and text is a vital instrumentality in what is sometimes referred to as civilization. Research and developments in printing, photography and in Photronic Onset are rooted in the need to advance the science and craft of accurate recording, with or without printing plates. Photography requires wet chemicals, considerable time to process a negative and print on paper, and to dry both negative and paper. There is a wide range of requirements for the reproduction of copy for many purposes in commercial, educational, and governmental business systems.

A detailed comparison of how 334 papers in Vol. 112 of Physical Review form related groups according to two criteria of relatedness. The criteria are: (1) the Analytic Subject Index as used by the editors of the Physical Review; and (2) the method of Bibliographic Coupling. The similarities and differences between the groups thus formed are illustrated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the identification of research papers by physical units appearing the periodical "American Documentation" in 1963. It was hoped that through the identification of the units, specification of ranges and coincidence of units papers in reasonably broad research fields could be identified. This approach would eliminate those papers not containing the specified units in the specified ranges and coincidences. For example, it may be hypothesized that a nuclear physicist should request papers reporting experimental determinations of neutron cross sections for incident neutron energies between 1 and 20 MeV.

A study was undertaken to classify mechanically a document collection using the free-language words in the titles and abstracts of a corpus of 261 physics research papers. Using a clustering algorithm, results were obtained which closely duplicated the clusters obtained by previous experiments with citations. A brief comparison is made with a traditional manual classification system. It is shown that the mechanical procedure Is capable of achieving simultaneous average relevance and recall figures above 80%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article attempts to measure the scientific productivity in terms of number of papers published in journals by authors in the field of information science, compared to the publication pattern for science in general. Information science has been defined by the American Society for Information Science as the science that investigates the properties and behavior of information, the forces governing the flow of information, and the means of processing information, for optimum accessibility and usability. According to this definition, information science emerges as an umbrella-like discipline. If the basic professional society in this discipline is considered to be the American Society for Information Science, then its prime indexing journal may be considered to be "Information Science Abstracts," and its prime review vehicle may be the "Annual Review of Information Science and Technology."

Discussions relating to the identification of courses and the development of curricula for the information- science field cannot yield meaningful results unless the conceptual framework of the field is first delimited and its basic segments defined. Starting with the current ASIS definition of information science, an analysis is made of the rationale of current thinking relevant to the conceptual boundaries and intellectual content of the field. Information science is analyzed to be comprised of the segments of: (1) Conceptualization, (2) Storage/Transmission, and (3) Utilization. Two of the segments are shown to be based on subjective notions, which can be investigated, for the most part, through the employment of statistical and normative survey methodology. One of the segments is shown to be susceptible of the application of more rigorous research methodology capable of yielding empirical proof. Since all three segments form integral parts of the field, they need to be fully represented in the information science curriculum. The technologist as well as the humanist can make significant contributions to the growth and development of the information-science field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on Charles Bishop's recently proposed use of "coden" in documentation to identify uniquely and briefly each paper published in scientific periodicals. This coden would consist of a four-letter abbreviation to identify the journal, followed by the volume number, followed by the number of the page on which the paper commences. Some journals that publish more than one volume a year start numbering the volumes afresh at the beginning of each year. If two or more papers commence on the same page. they must be distinguished. The coden proposed by Bishop does not specify the date. The main question for debate is whether knowledge of the year is worth the price of one extra digit.

This article presents information on research on the possibilities of mechanizing indexing. However, simple investigations can be made, requiring no machines, which should also produce some useful results concerning the possibilities of mechanized indexing. This brief paper describes some simple explorations of this character, and makes a few comments on their possible outcome. For several reasons, this paper suggests the trying out of relatively simple possible rules for mechanized indexing. The only virtue of an existing indexing vocabulary in a retrieval system is that it works well.

The article presents information on conferences on documentation. The general theme of the 16th annual convention and labor conference of the German Society for Documentation was "Documentation and Its Users." The Institute of Economic Sciences of the German Academy in Berlin held in June 1964 a seminar on the subject of information and documentation in the field of social sciences. The discussions during UNESCO Meeting on Scientific Translation and Terminology included a proposal for the international coordination of terminological activities.

This section presents a bibliography of papers on economic relations published in 1965.

It is the purpose of this paper to explore the use of extracts by reporting the results of a survey of the current acceptability and use of extracts, by a literature review and by suggesting guidelines for selecting extract material. The survey shows that extracts are currently being used in information services, especially for current awareness. Most consider extracting a time-saver. The methods for selecting material from a document are not well defined. A search of the literature produced only thirteen documents which deal with manually produced extracts. As reported in the literature, materials extracted include the author summaries, first and/or last paragraphs, selected sentences, the first page, and material selected by subject specialists from the entire text. The value of extracts as measured by whether they lead the user to relevant documents was experimentally demonstrated. The purpose of the guidelines is to help the librarian and information specialist produce an informative extract. There was no substantial evidence that extracting is less costly than abstracting. The main criteria considers whether to spend the money to resay what the author has said or get a better understanding of the paper and use the author's words to describe it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article informs that the information requirements can be specified in terms of one or more characteristic features. If the identification and selection of papers, patents, and other records is to be accomplished with the aid of automatic equipment, then such identification and selection must be formalized in terms of well-defined routine operations. The analysis of the subject content of documents is a necessary prerequisite to rendering them amenable to identification by machine searching operations. In conducting such analysis, the significance of the subject content of each document must be carefully considered in the light of its importance and probable usefulness to other workers in the field.

The article discusses low-cost institutional photocopying service. The Library of Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute has developed an inexpensive institutional photocopying service, delivering positive prints of documents instead of right negatives. The low service charge and the operating convenience experienced during the first year of its use has assured its permanence. Simplicity of plant, equipment and operation makes the installation of a similar service entirely feasible for the small educational institution and the medium-sized library. Because of the low initial outlay it may be justified as a stand-by service. Sufficiently publicized it can develop into a widely appreciated auxiliary service, contributing to the Library's prestige and improvement in community relations.

A group of attendees and program participants was surveyed after the 1964 meeting of the American Documentation Institute to provide ideas and guidance for future ADI meetings. The responses indicated that attendees view the quality of the technical program as the key to a successful meeting; that a four-day meeting length meets with wide approval; that, if carefully planned, concurrent plenary sessions might be acceptable; that improvements in scheduling are required to permit greater participation in Author Forums; and that conference proceedings greatly enhance the value of the meeting and should be distributed well before the meeting. The many suggestions and criticisms that were offered are being studied in relation to the next regular ADI meeting In 1966. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of the "reading log," coden system which the author proposes here, by the individual research scientist. In its simplest form, the reading log would merely list the coden of articles read, with a brief note as to their content and significance. One of the major problems solved by the reading log was the problem of controlling miscellaneous information. With illustrating the actual bibliographic procedure for recording by the use of the reading log, it is argued that the reading log allows the individual research scientist to keep, with a minimum of effort, a record of the articles he reads. He records only the essentials on the assumption that in a year or two he will be able to locate the papers through abstracts or periodic review articles. According to the author the reading log is of greatest value to the individual scientist and is not advocated for bibliographic centers where greater versatility and continuity are required.

The article comment briefly upon the place of conventional photography in the duplication of documentary materials. The photostat process has now been so thoroughly mechanized that it is possible to produce a completed photostat ready for use in seven minutes time. There is at present a modified automatic photostat device being tried experimentally at the U.S. Department of Agriculture that will produce copies rapidly at even less cost. One of the interesting new developments in the field of copying devices is that of Thermofax, a product of the Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Company. Stenafax, the product of the Times Facsimile Corp., is an adaptation of the Facsimile equipment that has become familiar through use for the transmission of newsphotos and weather maps.

The article presents a list of research papers on subject and linguistic analysis in information science. In the paper "Study of Theories and Models of Information Storage and Retrieval: Report No. 7: Graphs and Algorithms for Term Relations," an algorithm is presented for grouping the terms of a document corpus into genera, and it is shown that the different genera of the graph G = (T, M), where T is the set of index terms and M the reflexive, symmetrical relation of matching, constitute a partition of T. In "All Evaluation of Links and Roles Used in Information Retrieval," links and roles are techniques for modifying a basic coordinate indexing method.

The article focuses on several papers providing information on the application of equipment to library operations. The paper "The Economics of Book Catalog Production: A Study Prepared for Stanford University Libraries and the Council on Library Resources," by R.M. Hayes and R.M. Shoffner was intended to assist Stanford University in the economic and procedural questions involved in deciding what form the catalog for a new undergraduate library should take. It is also expected to assist other libraries in making such a decision.

The article refers to a paper "Class Definition and Code Construction," which is Number VI of the series Machine Literature Searching, in which, the authors employ the algebra of classes and its symbols in a manner which is certainly questionable if not actually wrong. Since most of what is said is fairly clear in spite of the unfortunate use of symbols and the algebra of classes, one does not feel it necessary to bring this fact to the attention of the readers of "American Documentation."

The impetus for the work described in this paper arose from observations reported in a letter to the Editor of this Journal (1). The sense of that letter was that those of us who have worked in the field now broadly called Computer and Information Science, have depended too long on the use of terms defined by example or through the vague specification of relationships (often weak) among entities. The term to which the author of the letter made specific reference (a term to which altogether too many interpretations are allied) was "thesaurus." The reader will find that the term "thesaurus" is not defined in this paper but, as will be seen, a number of more basic terms have been selected as the starting point for a project of defining terms which are important in communicating about computer and information science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides information on the life and works of Robert A. Fairthorne, who worked in the field of documentation. Fairthorne was born July 1st, 1904, at Abingdon-on-Thames, Berkshire, England. His father was an engineer and his mother an accomplished musician. During the years of the World War I, Fairthorne was enrolled in boarding school at Eastbourne. After a pregraduate course of study in chemistry and mathematics, Fairthorne joined the Special Chemical Roster, Royal Engineers, in 1923. At Porton Down, this group was engaged in the development of technological weaponry, so he gained considerable exposure to the sophisticated hardware of the time. In the late thirties he became Secretary of the Royal Aircraft Establishment Library Committee. The product of his researches during this period was a number of papers dealing with airframe stability and the mathematical principles involved in testing. With regard to library-related work, the stumbling block has not been the inadequacy of man or machine to do the tasks, it has rather been that of defining the tasks, and setting standards for their performance. Fairthorne took aim at many imprudent and hasty efforts to provide information ser\ices which had been so unfortunate as to neglect appropriate definition of both "information" and "service."

The article presents information on the Royal Society Catalogue as an index to Nineteenth Century American Science. The Royal Society Catalogue of Scientific Papers is investigated in terms of its coverage of American science journals and American scientists. The Royal Society Catalogue serves today as an indispensable aid for the historian of nineteenth century science. The Royal Society Catalogue lists in the front of volume 1 all the journals indexed; additions and corrections appear in subsequent volumes. Included in that list are the places of publication; it was an easy task, therefore, to determine which were American journals. The number of journals in each decade approximates the general publication pattern demonstrated by the tabulation of American entries in Bolton's Catalogue (referred to earlier), which showed an acceleration in the number of new scientific periodicals.

The article presents information on the principles underlying the indexing system. The backbone of the indexing system is provided by codes for individual terms. The construction of these codes has been developed in such a way that the important aspects of the meanings of terms are rendered explicit and thus made available as reference points for defining and conducting searching operations. The establishment of codes based on semantic analysis has been greatly facilitated by preliminary systematization of the terminology.

The article provides information on the bibliographies of documentation. The publications of the American Council of Learned Societies during the last two years have been prepared on an IBM typewriter and lithoprinted with a minimum of expense. The principal purpose of the operation has been to secure dependable figures on costs. "Article Bibliography," is a 3-volume, 4500 page bibliography, listing or summarizing more than 20,000 scientific papers and reports pertaining to the Arctic, and also official documents, books of exploration, and general magazine articles. "Machine Translation," discusses the present state of research on machine translation in the U.S. The present outlook is that fully automatic translation seems out of the question in the near future; it would require storage capacities of trillions of bits of information or the invention of programming techniques that could greatly increase the machine's efficiency by learning, or some combination of these two factors

The article reports on maintenance and reduction of documents. The aim of the article is to present the major problems of maintenance, problems which are inherent in any document collection, problems whose existence alone gives reason to this discussion. The article also enumerates some of the major problems of reduction, and finally, to suggest some possible solution for at least a part of the numerous problems that inevitably accompany work in this field. Maintenance of a collection is concerned primarily with the document in its original form, usually paper, with graphs, supplements, revisions, addenda, changes, and sometimes a multitude of after thoughts.

Both the users and processers of information-- particularly in the realm of science and technology--have long been aware of the fact that the information in a patent, paper or similar document will be characterized by a variety of features, such as various entities (substances, devices, apparatus, etc.), their attributes, one or more processes or interactions, attendant circumstances and the results of interaction. The multidimensional nature of information has been the basis for successful application of sorting devices permitting information to be selected on the basis of any one feature or combination of features. (1) Experiments with newly developed IBM equipment, (2) have demonstrated that grouping concepts into arrays sometimes called abstraction ladders is a convenient method for making generic terminology available as a basis for conducting searches. The present paper outlines a punching system which would permit abstraction ladders to be coded for handsorted punched cards. The punching system is undergoing test at the present time. The results of these tests will be reported subsequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is pointed out that if information science is to be considered a "true" science similar to physics or chemistry then it must have a set of concepts and analytical expressions which apply to the flow of information in a general way. Such expressions should be relatively independent of the particular context or application under consideration. Definitions of a rigorous nature for the fundamental quantities involved must be established. These must have general applicability and must be related to other known and measurable quantities. It is desirable also that they be capable of quantification. In several previous papers, the author and a colleague have described a model of a generalized information system which has wide, and perhaps universal applicability. This paper elaborates on this model and indicates the range of its applicability. Several fundamental quantities are defined specifically in a way which allows for quantification. It is pointed out in this paper that this model can be the basis for the development of a "true" science of information with all of the necessary requirements for a science. By the use of this model and the definition of a "true" science, the goals and requirements for a curriculum in information science are thus established. Various applications of information science must then exist in much the same way that many applications of physics exist. In the latter case, the applications usually give rise to various branches of engineering. In the case of information science, one of the applications is librarianship-although many others exist as well. Some of these are referred to in the paper. In particular, science information as a subset of information science is discussed. Within this context, information is defined as data of value in decision making. Quantitative measures of information can be obtained by relating information to specific observable actions which can be measured physically. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Disagreements about the relevance of documents to retrieval requests occur because relevance judges differently interpret requests or documents. Requests may be differently interpreted because they are unclear. Well-known types of request obscurity are reviewed. Less well known is that a request may be unclear because its form-"documents about subject S," "documents answering question Q," etc.-is unclear. Explications are developed of the meanings of the request forms just given and several others. A request of any of the forms discussed is interpreted to be for documents which support statements of a specified kind in a specified way. For example, an "about S' request requires documents supporting statements which contain expression S (though several qualifications are needed); a "question Q" request requires documents which support answers to Q. Examples are given which suggest that some, perhaps all, "about S" requests are unclear. Some ways of formulating clear question requests are given. Various ways in which documents may support statements are distinguished. These depend on such factors as parts of a document used, inference strength, and background knowledge permitted. Some possibly clear support specifications are indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents information on several research papers which focus on characteristics of information resources. The paper "Documentation and Dissemination of Research and Development Results" deals with federal scientific and technical information programs, their efforts to achieve efficacy and timeliness, their present scope, prevailing practices, access to and utilization of foreign information, problems that face them, and proposals for dealing with them. Another paper is "Some Prerequisites to Cooperative Cataloging." There is an urgent need for a co-operative cataloguing centre to process current non-American materials. Two alternatives have been suggested: centralized cataloguing, in which libraries would forward acquisitions to the centre for cataloguing; and co-ordinated cataloguing, whereby the centre would act as a clearing-house receiving and distributing requests for cataloguing to be performed by the library first acquiring a given item.

The article presents information on several research papers on documentation. The paper "Manpower for Technical Information Work" presents the findings and conclusions of a pilot study of the functions and qualifications of technical information support personnel in the communications equipment industry. Another paper is "Swimming Against the Flood of Literature," by P.L. Broadhurst. The coverage of all the literature of a given science by one abstract journal and the formation of large computer-searched central stores of information are ideas that are unlikely to be implemented on a large scale in our lifetime.

The Montgomery-Swanson study of Index Medicus heading-title correlations is discussed. Some presently unanswered questions relevant to practical use of their automatic indexing technique are indicated. Contrasted with the 86% heading-title correlation figure which they found for Index Medicus are the following ranges (based on small samples); Index-Handbook of Cardiovascular Agents: 19-45%. Merck Sharp and Dohme Retrieval System: 40-68%; NIH Research Grants Index: 13-39 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a bibliography related to information science that appeared in the 1963 issue of the journal "American Documentation." It includes author and corporate source index, documentation, general reference works and sources of information. Some of the documentations include: "Concerning the Probability That a Given Paper Will Be Cited," by M.M. Kessler and F.E. Heart; "Action Plan for Improved Dissemination of Engineering Information," by Eugene Wall; "The Critical Problem of Biological Information," by B. Glass.

The article presents information on the process of scientific documentation and the significance of it in research works. Much of the literature on scientific documentation is concerned with machines, machine methods and mechanized systems for the storage and retrieval of pertinent information. Conventional indexes, on the whole, act primarily as guides to the literature. They classify articles according to subject matter and tell the user where to find the original document, which contains the sought-after information. Informative abstracts, on the other hand, such as those appearing in Chemical Abstracts and Biological Abstracts can, if well done, act as a short cut through the literature.

The article presents information on coordinate indexing. There are many facets to information retrieval. One of these is the scope which any particular information system is expected to encompass. Several years ago, the Technical Department of the Titanium Division of the National Lead Co. realized the need for more efficient methods of retrieving internal information. The index schedules were organized into a classification system based on Colon principles. The completed classification was coded, using combinations of capital and small letters, and Arabic numerals, to obtain maximum flexibility.

The article presents information on "International Conference on Scientific Information. The Conference, co-sponsored by ADI, would be held in Washington D.C., on November 16-21, 1958. Included in the proposals submitted to date are outlines of papers concerning: new or unpublished research on systems, equipment, and theory; the design of experimental methods for determining scientists' needs for information retrieval services at all levels of sophistication; means for evaluating and comparing the adequacy of existing and proposed systems and services; and the distribution of responsibility for research in this field among governments, universities, industry and the professional societies.

This article focuses on information related to international conference on scientific information. The National Science Foundation, the American Documentation Institute, and the National Academy of Sciences. National Research Council are sponsoring an International Conference on Scientific Information to be held in Washington, D.C., early in November of 1958. There has been a great deal of comment about the increasing difficulties in scientific communication arising from the increasing tempo of research activity and the resulting flood of scientific publications.

The article focuses on several case studies of mechanized systems of documentation. The paper "IBM 1401 Computer Produced and Maintained Weapon Data Subject Authority Document," by James H. Kennedy describes a rapid print-out method for updating a constantly changing authority file. Economical even if more than ten original copies are made. Checking headings, keypunching and editing tapes are performed by humans but card and printed catalog production is by machine. The paper "Computer Search of the U.S. Chemical Patent Literature," by Paul W. Howerton appeared in the 1963 issue of the journal " Automation and Scientific Communication."

The article presents a table of contents for the January 1962 issue of the journal "American Documentation." The article presents the list of contributors to the ADI State of the Art Symposium. Some of the topics included in the journal are "Methods of Organizing Information for Searching," by Saul Herner, "Panel Discussion of Mr. Herner's Paper," "11 State of the Art of Published Indexes," by John Mahkus. Some of the contributors are Saul Herner, Dr. Harriet Geer, Dake Gull and Paul Kliengbiel.

This paper considers the optimal storage of books by size in libraries. A network model is developed to determine the optimum number of shelf heights to use which will minimize the shelving cost for a given collection of books. The model is analyzed and solved by a well known operations research technique of finding the shortest path in a directed network. Results of an experimental study to apply this model to a sample collection of books from the Purdue University Library are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The problem of whether to bind, microcopy or discard back issues of journals in a university library branch system is considered and an algorithm is developed to solve the journal disposition problem. A cost-effectiveness approach is pursued, employing an analytical model. This model uses a set of weighted factors to quantify the value of a specific journal to the library. Such factors as relevance, usage, availability elsewhere and capital investment are specified. Budget constraints, which involve the relevant costs of binding and microcopying, are considered, as are upper and lower threshold values on the worth of a journal to guarantee the retention of exceptionally good journals and the disposal of very poor ones. An example based on data from a real university special library situation is presented as an illustration of the model. Thus, this paper extends the work of others in modeling of the library collection development decision process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The various operational characteristics defined in this paper provide a basis for quantitative evaluation of the performance of an information retrieval system. Such evaluation is essential in guiding the design of a documentation system so that it may achieve an optimum margin of benefits provided over costs incurred. Insight gained by consideration of operational characteristics is particularly helpful in making decisions with regard to a wide range of technical questions that are encountered in designing documentation systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is more concerned with principles and problems than with actual systems of classification and subject analysis in building documentation. It has become a very complicated field branching out into a variety of allied sciences and is closely related to fundamental economic and social factors of general development. The foremost prerequisite of such a discipline is a technique of classification and subject analysis which is capable of world-wide application to what we have come to consider under the term of building documentation. The article discusses the three fundamentally different techniques to process literature by subjects, namely: classification, subject indexing, and coding for mechanical selection.

This article discusses several papers on library science and documentation. The paper "Facsimile for Federal Libraries," by Scott Adams, published in the June 1953 issue of the journal "Special Libraries," discusses the facsimile equipment for use by the AEC, developed by RCA. The purpose of the paper "The Communication of Information (An Historical Review)," by Cherry E. Colin is to illustrate the early historical origins of theoretical work in the field Of communication, but with little use of mathematical notation, and to show the relationships between the diverse interpretations of the word "communication."

The article presents some shorter communications, news and technical notes related to the field of documentation in the U.S. The American Documentation Institute, one of the pioneers in the application of microfilm to the needs of research, has deposited negatives of the following journals in the Photoduplication Service of the Library of Congress, Washington D.C. University Microfilms Inc. has announced that Congressional hearings and reports will be photographed during 1952, as the first in a series of the U.S. public documents projected by this producer. Some 200 English literary periodicals of the 17th, I8th, and 19th centuries are being produced by University Microfilms at a subscription cost of $500. for approximately 100,000 pages annually until the series is completed.

In this article the author remarks states that motion pictures are often treated as if they had been admitted into the record family by some accident. They do not fall properly into place in any conventional classification scheme. The accepted guidelines and ground-terms applicable to orthodox record materials and in records administration programs cannot be adapted to them without radical modification. There are some valuable papers concerning some technical aspects of motion picture storage and preservation, and a piece or two which deal with the characteristics of motion picture records from the standpoint of the researcher in history.