Search

This report describes the results of automatic processing of a large number of scientific papers according to a rigorously defined criterion of coupling. The population of papers under study was ordered into groups that satisfy the stated criterion of interrelation. An examination of the papers that constitute the groups shows a high degree of logical correlation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports that the study was undertaken to test whether titles of chemical papers are becoming more informative and whether uninformative titles of chemical papers are being eliminated since the advent of the KWIC index in 1958. One of the strongest objections voiced against such indexes is that titles of papers are unsatisfactory as a basis for subject index entries because titles are not composed with indexing in mind. The adequacy of titles as a source of subject content clues has been given much attention in the last decade, and many studies have been published on the subject.

The article reports that the art and science of recording illustration and text is a vital instrumentality in what is sometimes referred to as civilization. Research and developments in printing, photography and in Photronic Onset are rooted in the need to advance the science and craft of accurate recording, with or without printing plates. Photography requires wet chemicals, considerable time to process a negative and print on paper, and to dry both negative and paper. There is a wide range of requirements for the reproduction of copy for many purposes in commercial, educational, and governmental business systems.

A detailed comparison of how 334 papers in Vol. 112 of Physical Review form related groups according to two criteria of relatedness. The criteria are: (1) the Analytic Subject Index as used by the editors of the Physical Review; and (2) the method of Bibliographic Coupling. The similarities and differences between the groups thus formed are illustrated and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The publications explosion has focused renewed attention on the lowly footnote. While we are all at least partially aware of the technical functions of the citation for both the writer and the reader of the scientific paper, little is known about the norms operating in actual practice. Even less is known about the operating norms with respect to the more sociological functions, including the acknowledgement of intellectual debts or the conferral of recognition upon the works of others. This paper reviews the state of our knowledge, raises questions, and proposes suggestions and hypotheses for studying the relationships between footnoting practices among scientists and the social system of science. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents an abstract of the article "Comment on Suggestions for a Radical Change," by Harold Kenneth Fink, published in the 1955 issue of the journal "American Psychologist." Favors the idea of publishing papers as separates; Information that the papers can be filed separately and articles outside one's interests will not have to be purchased; Advantage that the use of separates may result in quicker printing and dissemination and the front page of each separate would identify the article and field of interest.

This section presents a bibliography of papers on economic relations published in 1965.

The article presents a list of books. Some of the books listed are: "Effective Public Relations," by Scott M. Cutlip and Allen H. Center; "Bibliography on Income and Wealth," edited by Phyllis Deane; "The Trend of Government Activity in the United States Since 1900," edited by Solomon Fabricant; "Economic Change: Selected Essays in Business Cycles, National Income, and Economic Growth," by Simon Kuznets; "Shares of Upper Income Groups in Income and Savings," by Simon Kuznets; "Economic Stability in a Changing World," by John H. Williams.

This article presents information about the Fifteenth Annual Conference of the Graduate Library School of the University of Chicago, which was organized in July 1950. The conference was based on the subject of bibliographic organization. The program consisted of the presentation of fourteen papers presented over a period of six days. The primary objective of the conference was not to present a survey of existing facilities but rather to bring together a wide variety of points of view concerning the problems of bibliographic organization, and thereby to try to bring about an understanding, if not a consensus of opinion regarding basic problems which must be solved before an effective organization of the world of recorded materials can be developed.

A list of articles related to psychology to be published in the forthcoming issues is presented including "Handedness in the children of tow left-handed parents," by M. Annett and "Orienting and Defence Reactions to Simple Auditory Stimulation in Man," by D. Carroll.

A list of articles related to psychology that will be published in the next issue of the journal is presented including "Semantics in the Perception of Verticality," by W. G. Chase and H. H. Clark, and "Word Association, Associative Structure, and Manifest Anxiety," by J. M. Innes.

This article reports that concern with the state of scientific literature has increased during the past few years. The dimensions--size, growth rate, etc--of the scientific information problem have been quantitatively outlined. Numerous studies have investigated such things as half-life of the literature, citing patterns of scientists, and extent of bibliographic control. This article is a study of the cardiovascular (c-v) literature and has been undertaken to identify those biomedical journals that are fertile sources for c-v information and to determine particular characteristics of this literature.

The article reports that after the end of World War II the library world--at least a segment of it--was made increasingly aware of the bibliographic problems that were developing in a variety of subjects, but mainly in science and technology. Some of this awareness resulted from problems of identifying and locating obscure yet seemingly important papers, part of the log-jam of scientific information and new techniques developed during the war. Some of it was due to publication in library journals of papers on bibliographic control, mainly of scientific information.

Presents a list of books on Sociology received for the "British Journal of Sociology." Some of the books are: "Democracy and Social Ethics," by Jane Adams; "Psychology and Social Problems," by Michael Argyle; "The New Frontiersmen," by G.S. Aurora; "The Penal Press," by Russell N. Baird; "Race Relations," by Michael Banton; "The Impact of Television: Methods and Findings in Program Research," William A. Belson; "The Social Construction of Reality," by Thomas Luckmann and Peter Berger and "Culture and Society in India," by N.K. Bose.

This section presents a list of papers and books about economic relations.

The sources cited within this issue are presented including "Climax Vegetation of Tropical America," by J. S. Beard, "Methods of Surveying Laminaria Beds," by V. J. Chapman, and "Marine Biological Research in Great Britain," by F. E. Fritsch.

The article provides information on the bibliographies of documentation. The publications of the American Council of Learned Societies during the last two years have been prepared on an IBM typewriter and lithoprinted with a minimum of expense. The principal purpose of the operation has been to secure dependable figures on costs. "Article Bibliography," is a 3-volume, 4500 page bibliography, listing or summarizing more than 20,000 scientific papers and reports pertaining to the Arctic, and also official documents, books of exploration, and general magazine articles. "Machine Translation," discusses the present state of research on machine translation in the U.S. The present outlook is that fully automatic translation seems out of the question in the near future; it would require storage capacities of trillions of bits of information or the invention of programming techniques that could greatly increase the machine's efficiency by learning, or some combination of these two factors

The original aim of this study was to obtain objective data bearing on the much argued question of whether author indexing is "good." Author indexing of 285 documents reporting biomedical research was scored by comparing the author-supplied terms (author set) for each paper with a criterion set of terms that was established by asking a group of 12 potential users to describe the same document. Terms in the document title (title set) were scored similarly. The average author set con tamed almost half of all the terms employed by more than one member of the user group and scored 73% of the maximal possible score, as compared with 44% for the average title set. When judged by the method and criterion employed here, author indexing is substantially better than indexing derived from document titles. The findings suggest that indicia supplied by an author should serve scientists in biomedical disciplines other than his own about as well as they serve his disciplinary colleagues. The general method developed for measuring indexing quality may represent a practical yardstick of wide applicability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A list of articles related to psychology that were published in several journals are presented including "Smoking, Health and Behavior," by E. F. Borgatta and R. R. Evans, "Authority and Addiction," by L Brill and L. Lieberman and "Moral Judgement From Childhood to Adolescence," by N. J. Bull.

A list of articles related to finance, accounting, and taxation that were published in several journals is presented. The articles include "Papers and Proceedings," edited by Lawrence S. Ritter, "Glossary of Financial Terms," by Stefan E. Horn, and "Licensing Abroad," by W. H. Diamond.

Presents an index of various literature on rural sociology.

The article focuses on the research paper "Periodicals and Bibliographies for Your Control Engineering Library," by Thomas J. Higgins. The author has compiled a 3,612 item card index over the past decade which lists most of the important technical papers that have been published on automatic control. Approximately 75 per cent were published in the 40-odd journals listed as a part of the article.

The article presents a lists books and literature on personnel psychology. Some of the books and research papers are: "Abstracts of Articles on Assessment and the Socially Handicapped"; "Grievance Handling: 101 Guides for Supervisors," by Walter E. Baer; "Current Perspectives for Managing Organizations," edited by Bernard M. Bass and Samuel D. Deep; "Positive Discipline," by James Menzies Black.

Presents a list of books on the economic history of Great Britain and Ireland. These include: "The British in West Sumatra, 1685-1825," edited by J. Bastin, "A Cartulary of Creake Abbey," edited by A. L. Bedingfeld, "Bedfordshire Wills, 1480-1519," edited by P. Bell, "A Calendar of the Shrewsbury and Talbot Papers in the Lambeth Palace Library," edited by E. G. W. Bell, "Ship Money Papers and Richard Grenville's Notebook," edited by C. G. Bonsey and J. G. Jenkins, "Devon Inventories of the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries," edited by M. Cash, "Faculty Office Registers, 1534-49," edited by D. S. Chambers, and "London Possessory Assizes: A Calendar," edited by H. M. Chew.

The article presents information on reference tools related to documentation. The second edition of the Bureau of Ships "Thesaurus of Descriptive Terms and Code Book," developed for use in conjunction with Project SHARP, contains approximately 4,600 main terms, an increase of nearly 100 new terms. The books and papers listed in the bibliography "An Annotated Bibliography of Publications on Dependency Theory" have in common a concern with the notion that syntax is best described by specifying word-to-word connections, generally called "de pendencies," rather than by segmentations of sentences.

This article presents a bibliography of several publications related to the field of documentation. "Augmenting Human Intellect: A Conceptual Framework," by D.C. Engelbart is an initial summary report of a project which takes a new and systematic approach to improving the intellectual effectiveness of the individual human being. The publication "Agricultural Documentation: The Responsibilities of Libraries & Information Services" is a report of seven papers and a summary presented at a seminar arranged by the European Productivity Agency, during April 20-23, 1960. "Information Systems Workshop. The Designer's Responsibility and His Methodology" is a collection of 12 papers based on a conference sponsored by the American Documentation Institute and the University of California, at Los Angeles during May 29 to June 1, 1962.

This paper presents block diagrams for the process of index-making by computer, as well as explanatory text, based on experience in the application of the diagram to the production of two different indexes. The method described is called a generalized method because, first of all, its presentation is in general terms, and secondly, because its property of generality makes it suitable to a "first-cut" analysis of a great variety of index-making applications. More detailed flow charts for two different applications (one of them proposed) of the generalized method are given, as well as a diagram for combining an information retrieval system with a system for index production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents an annotated list of several recent bibliographical publications related to documentation. One of these publications, listed here, is "Library Trends," by Scott Adams which is a brief review of recent developments in the field of library communications covering internal telephone systems, tele-autograph, the annunciator, teleprinter, facsimile transmission, etc. with indications of future developments. Some others of these publications are: "A Plea for a National System of Classification," by P.K. Banerjee; "Bibliography of Papers on Classification and Allied Subjects," published by the Journal of Documentation; "A Study of Thinking," by Jerome S. Bruner, Jacqueline J. Goodnow, and George A. Austin; "Professional Collaboration," by Vannevar Bush; and "Electronic Searching Moves Ahead."

This section presents a bibliography of papers and other information resources related to international business published in 1965.

This section presents a list of reference sources dealing with management and international economic relations.

A list of articles related to management and economics that were published in several journals is presented. The articles include "Yearbook of the United Nations, 1963," "The World Almanac and Book of Facts, 1965," edited by Harry Hansen, and "Population Studies," edited by D. V. Glass.

This article presents a bibliography on international relations. The bibliography is divided into several sections, according to region. The information resources included the following: The British Commonwealth of Nations in a Changing World, by Zelman Cowen, The Full Employment Budget Surplus and Canadian Fiscal Policy, 1957-1962, by F.C. Miller, Quebec's Steel Planners Hope to Confound all the Skeptics, by R.G. Gibbens and International Organizations Active in the Field of Agricultural Development, Agrarian Reform and Rural Life in Latin America.

The article presents information about the recently published books related to different branches of psychology. The book "Knowing woman," by I.C. Castillejo is a lively collection of essays on woman's psyche. The book contains an interesting essay on animus--friend or foe, and in the posthumously published essay the author develops her ideas on this subject further. The book "Erik H. Erikion." by R. Coles is a biography oriented to the growth of Eriksoils work. "Problems of psychoanalytic techniques and therapy," is a collection of essays by Anna Freud which includes her famous Freud Anniversary lecture of 1968.

Lists books related to sociology published in the March 1997 issue of "Rural Sociology."

The article reports that one of the aggravating conditions confronting researchers and librarians today is found in the field of scientific journals. These periodicals, particularly foreign titles, are usually received by only a few of the larger or more specialized libraries in the country. Most of the journals of scientific and learned bodies, technical magazines and other periodical issuances directed to a specialized technical audience possess well-defined tables of contents on one page. This table of contents is frequently part of the title page or cover, and may include useful data concerning the issuing body and its officers.

The article presents an inventory of research on the U.S. capital market from 1954 to 1963 that was compiled by a committee of the National Bureau of Economic Research. Many ongoing research projects related to various aspects of the U.S. economy are, the article notes, being undertaken by agencies such as the U.S. Federal Reserve, the Commission on Money and Credit, and Harvard University. A bibliography is also included in the article that illustrates articles and books on the capital market and financial institutions, including the book "Individual's Saving: Volume and Composition," by I. Friend and V. Natrella, the article "Saving in the National Economy: From the National Income Perspective," by E. F. Denison, and "Variation in Bank Asset Portfolios," by R. McEvoy.

The article presents a list of books and reports related to general industrial management. The books include Multinational Corporations and World Order edited by George Modelski and International Control of Investment edited by Don Wallace Jr. Among the articles listed were Dynamics of the Multinational Enterprise by L. M. Salter, The Multinationalization Process by Chaim Ginsberg, and Mining the Resources of the Third World.

The article presents a list of books received by the journal "Personnel Psychology." Some of the books enlisted are: "Existence, Relatedness and Growth: Human Needs in Organizational Settings," by Clayton P. Alderfer; "The Applicability Organizational Sociology," by Chris Argyris; "Administrative Theory and Public Administration," by R.J.S. Baker; "The Management of Learning," by Ivor K. Davies; "Assessment of Lives," by Charles A. Dailey; and "The Law and Personnel Testing," by Willaim C. Byham and Morton E. Spitzer.

This article focuses on recommendations and results of international conferences on scientific information and bibliographic services. From June 1948 to November 1950 there were four international conferences on scientific information problems and bibliographic services which brought together from all parts of the world leading scientists, librarians, and specialists in bibliography, abstracting and indexing.

This article presents an annotated collection of bibliographical notes on and abstracts of books and articles pertaining to the various aspects of the organization of information, which is the eighth installment of the bibliography compiled cooperatively by the Committee on Organization of Information of the American Documentation Institute. The "American Printer," published in December 1951, reportedly, covers printer's buying guide and directory issue. Documentalists are advised to scrutinize this issue of American Printer. The "Inquiry Concerning the Professional Education of Librarians and Documentalists" is a final report to the Joint Committee on Professional Training of the International Federation of Library Associations and of the International Federation for Documentation on an inquiry conducted with UNESCO's support. It, reportedly, discusses the state of professional training for librarians and information officers and their status in many different countries and also the varying qualifications and means of selection for the profession and current curricula and textbooks.

The article presents a collection of bibliographical notes on and abstracts of books and articles pertaining to various aspects of the organization of information is the seventh installment of the bibliography compiled cooperatively by the Committee on Organization of Information of the American Documentation Institute. Some of the books include "The Guides That Bring the History of America Into Focus," "The Location of Literature of Atomic Energy," "The Mobilization of Scientific Facts," and "The Administration of Intelligence Archives."

The article presents a list of the published writings of social historian R.H. Tawney. Some of the books listed here are: "The Agrarian Problem in the Sixteenth Century"; "The Establishment of Minimum Rates in the Chain-making Industry under the Trade Boards Act of 1909"; "Tudor Economic Documents"; "The British Labor Movement"; "Land and Labour in China"; and "The Radical Tradition." Some of the papers listed here are: "The Report of the Central Unemployed Body for London"; "The Departmental Committee on Half-time"; "A Report of a Visit to Germany Made by Members of the Rochdale Branch"; "The Halving of Boy and Girl Labour"; "The Assessment of Wages in England by the Justices of the Peace"; "Democracy or Defeat"; "The Coal Industry Commission and the Consumer"; "The Recent Proposals for the Nationalization of the British Coal Industry"; "The Unemployment Crisis in England"; "The End of the Struggle in the Coal Industry"; "The Problem of the British Coal Industry"; and "The Possible Cost of Raising the School-Leaving."

Computer dissemination of information offers significant advantages over manual dissemination because the computer can use strategies that are impractical and in same cases impossible for a human. This paper describes the Ames Laboratory Selective Dissemination of Information system with emphasis on the effectiveness of user feedback. The system will accept any document, abstract, keywords, etc., in a KWIC or Science Citation Index Source format. User profiles consist of words or word clusters each with an initially assigned significance value. These values are used in making the decision to notify a user that he may be interested in a particular document. According to responses, the significance values are increased or decreased and quickly attain an equilibrium which accurately describes of user's interests. The system is economical compared to other existing SDI systems and human intervention is negligible except for adding and deleting profile entries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper evaluates the effect of system components such as links, roles, depth of indexing, vocabulary control, generics, and search strategy on recall, relevance and cost of a patent index and compares retrievability and cost of coordinate indexing with classification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the contributions toward a bibliography of documentation have been prepared by the Committee on Bibliography. An experimental model of an electronic hardcopy output system for use with the other elements of a mechanized library system has been designed and constructed under contract between the Council on Library Resources, Inc. and the Avco Corp. Earlier reports have covered the design and construction of an information system consisting of a camera making high resolution microphotographic reproductions of original documents on a memory plane.

While inverted indexing systems have provided new capabilities in information searching and retrieval, the use of nonsignificant or accession index notation and document storage has also imposed various fundamental restraints on the basic user-collection relationship. The purpose of this paper is to outline an indexing notation approach which can modify these constraints and still retain the search simplicity and effectiveness of inverted indexing. This concept has been designated as Maxterm-Miniterm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modifications and changes introduced by users since the introduction of the Uniterm System of Coordinate Indexing by Mortimer Taube in 1952 are discussed in this paper. Many of these modifications and changes seem to represent a movement toward conventional specific subject heading and indexing techniques in the choice of entries, although this is obscured by the terminology. The authors suggest that conventional terminology be used where it is applicable, that the literature has largely concerned the method of choice of subject entry words rather than the principle of bibliographic coordination, and that users of the system might have profited by more direct comparison of their work with conventional techniques derived from Cutter's work of 1876. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For comparative purposes this paper presents a translation of the outline of a sixteen-hour course designed to introduce Soviet students in higher educational institutions to sources of scientific and technical information. The plan provides for lecture and practice in the study of Soviet and foreign bibliography, adaptation to specialties, and an introduction to mechanized techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents literature notes to the October 1962 issue of the journal "American Documentation." The contributions toward a bibliography of documentation, which appear regularly in American Documentation, are prepared by the Committee on Bibliography consisting of seasoned professionals like Helen L. Brownson, Margaret S. Bryant, Chairman, Ralph W. House, John S. Moats, Seymour I. Tame, and Mendall S. Thompson. Ronald E. Wyllys supplied abstracts for this issue also. As a result of a number of exchange agreements, and in order to increase coverage, Literature Notes will include some abstracts copied or adapted from other publications.