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This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the 1964 Annual Meeting of the American Society of Criminology in Montreal, Canada, on December 28-30, 1964. The paper entitled Father-Daughter Incest: Treatment of the Family, reports on the treatment of twenty families with the problem of father-daughter incest where the father did not serve a prison sentence but was placed on probation. The paper entitled Evaluation of Records in Delinquency Research, focuses on the Southern California Records Matching Project which deals with the manner in which the records of delinquency adjudicating agencies at the local level maybe linked with Federal Census Records in order to maximize the efficiency of data collection and analysis. The paper entitled Juvenile Court Judge's Institute, summarized attacks on the Juvenile Court from any quarters, the weaknesses that inspire these attacks, and the crucial role that the Juvenile Court has to play in spearheading the introduction of personalized justice in the administration of the criminal law. The paper entitled A Spectrum of Sexual Problems Found in an Out-Patient Setting, focuses on the Forensic Clinic which was established in 1956. It is an out-patient division of the Toronto Psychiatric Hospital operated by the Ontario Department of Health under provincial statute.

Comments on the White Paper which contains the tax reform proposals of Canadian Royal Commission on Taxation in 1970. Increase in basic exemptions on individual and family taxation; Changes in the business and property income; Impact of the White Paper on revenues and the economy.

Analyzes the expected effect of all measures which discriminate between firms on the basis of size, and that of the elimination of the dual-tax system in general equilibrium terms in Canada. Effect on the efficiency in the use of Canada's resources; Impact on shares of the Canadian national income that accrue to labor and capital; Relationship between significant partial factor taxes and the shape of the production possibility curve.

Criticizes the paper of professor McInnis concerning the income of people in the Canadian regions. Materials used on the study; Justification made on the statistical method used; Claims of McInnis concerning the income of industrial nations.

The article presents commentary about a paper written by L.B. Smith and J.W.L. Winder (S&W) entitled "Price and Interest Rate Expectations and the Demand for Money in Canada," which appeared in the June, 1971 issue of the "Journal of Finance." In that paper S&W presented a regression model in an effort to determine how the demand for real money balances is affected by expectations for interest rates. The author of the current paper presents analysis that offers a competing interpretation based on lagged responses, and also points out issues with serial correlation.

Highlights the Early Experiential Deprivation and Enrichment and Later Development symposium in Montreal, Quebec. Proponents of developmentalism in psychology; Styles of verbal interaction between mother and child; Identification of basic sensory and perceptual mechanisms.

The paper analyzes bid-ask spreads on the Toronto Stock Exchange (TSE) and compares them to those of the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE). Pricing data were compiled for a total of 177 TSE stocks from December 1 to December 13, 1971. Comparisons with NYSE pricing data from previous studies reveal spreads to be wider and marketability services as a whole more costly on the TSE. Possible explanations include structural differences between the two markets, as well as the differing roles of NYSE specialists and TSE registered traders.

This paper presents a critical evaluation of some methods commonly used in estimating flexibility coefficients for recursive programming models. It also suggests an alternative procedure for estimating coefficients that vary from year to year depending upon economic and noneconomic conditions. This method was found empirically superior to some previous approaches.

Unions in a general equilibrium model. This paper attempts to determine a union's equilibrium wage-employment tradeoff, i.e. the percentage change in the union wage which, will occur if the union restricts employment in the unionized industry by 1 per cent, taking into account the induced responses of producers and consumers. The paper also determines the changes in the real income of the various consumer groups in the model induced by the union distortion. Duality theory is used in order to derive 'painlessly' the union's employment-wage tradeoff as a function of the various elasticities of substitution and distributive shares, both in production and consumption. An illustrative numerical example based on Canadian data is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Capital Bias of DREE Incentives. This paper argues that the capital bias of the regional industrial subsidies offered by the Department of Regional Economic Expansion (DREE) under the Regional Development Incentives Act (RDIA) is inconsistent with the Department's primary objective - increasing employment in depressed regions, DREE is found to lower the costs of capital more than labour in all aspects of the RDIA incentive program. These aspects include (1) the three regional maximum-grant formulas, (2) the RDIA section which constrains grants to less than one half of the firm's capital, and (3) the individual grant offers made to firms by the department. In most cases, taxation is shown to lower the government's net payment without affecting the bias. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Federal-Provincial Tax Equalization: An Evaluation. The Canadian scheme for transferring revenues from Ottawa to the poorer provinces is cast in an algebraic framework and then evaluated, both on an empirical and analytical level. Included is a sensitivity analysis designed to answer questions such as the effect on Saskatchewan's equalization payments of an increase in Nova Scotia's sales tax. Included also is a discussion of the possibility for provincial strategies under the scheme. Several alternative formulations for equalization are also presented and evaluated. The final substantive section of the paper focuses on the funding of the scheme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Financing of Stabilization Policies: Evidence for the Canadian Economy. This paper examines the importance of including a government financing constraint in the derivation of monetary and fiscal policy multipliers for Canada. A fixed exchange rate model (eleven stochastic equations) is estimated, and dynamic multipliers are calculated for the period 1985-70. The results, which are explained through a series of sensitivity tests, show that only the monetary policy multipliers depend dramatically on the finance constraint. Several other changes in the model's structure are also examined. The importance of a direct liquid asset effect on consumption, and an estimated negative effect of expected inflation on investment are noted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a paper presenting an overview of the quarterly national accounts in Canada compiled as of March 1965. A critical appraisal of a country's national accounts could easily entail examination of the whole structure of economic statistics, because the quality of the estimates in the accounts are to a large extent determined by the quality of the underlying data on which they are based. The first aspect of presenting this paper deals mainly with the quarterly accounts as a system of organizing current data--the arranging of available economic statistics into a balancing set of income and expenditure accounts employing conventions that have become generally acceptable during the last twenty years. The discussion on reliability is cast in general terms and is designed to place the question in perspective--in relation to the main uses the accounts are expected to serve and the character of the underlying raw material on which the end-products included in the accounts are necessarily structured.

The article presents a reply to Kevin Clinton from L.B. Smith and J.W.L. Winder (S&W) concerning comments Clinton made about S&W's paper entitled "Price and Interest Rate Expectations and the Demand for Money in Canada," which appeared in the June, 1971 issue of the "Journal of Finance." S&W take issue with Clinton's interpretation of negative lag weights in their model. Additionally, they point out that a reservation Clinton had about a regression coefficient for interest rates was, in fact, consistent with their assumptions. Overall, they believe most of Clinton's criticisms stem from a misunderstanding of their work.

The article focuses on the Annual Meeting of the National Microfilm Association held at the Hotel Carter, Cleveland on April 1 and 2, 1954. Delegates from every part of the country, from Canada and a visitor from Pakistan attended the two day meeting to participate in a general and technical program which explored the current status and latest advances of techniques of micro-documentary reproduction under the leadership of nationally known authorities. The program featured important papers on general and technical subjects.

The article examines individual investors in Canada and seeks to show that such persons are better at making investment decisions than is usually thought and to use the theory of the firm for the analysis. Data is derived exclusively from income tax returns and only looks at investments which have produced taxable income. For individual investors, the household budget provides the money to be invested and is therefore examined and compared with business practices. It is also noted that consumer debt rose considerably between 1951 and 1961. Particular interest is paid to lower income people, many of which are retirees.

This paper describes the theoretical background, methodology, and results of a small water-pollution study conducted in a suburban Canadian community. In the study, preferences of heads of households were determined for different levels of environmental water quality and cost to the household of achieving this quality. Inferences are drawn from the preference data about the underlying individual utility functions. Implications of the study methodology and results for social decision making are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper tests for certain benefits of foreign direct investment in the manufacturing sectors of two leading host countries---Canada and Australia. A quest for evidence on the effects of the multinational corporation needs little defense at a time when host and source countries alike incline towards restricting its activities. Economic theory tells us that intramarginal[2] gains from foreign investment take diverse forms. An evident and tangible gain to the host government stems from the corporate income tax collected from subsidiaries (net of the incremental cost of public services supplied to them). Other benefits, conjectural and elusive but possibly large, lie in the effects of direct investment on the value productivity of resources owned by the host economy (Macdougall, 1960; Corden, 1967; Caves, 1971). The host nation's private sector does not benefit directly because the foreign subsidiary is efficient, or brings to its shores skilled entrepreneurship or productive knowledge. Rather its gains depend on spill-overs of productivity that occur when the multinational corporation cannot capture all quasi-rents due to its productive activities, or to the removal of distortions by the subsidiary's competitive pressure. These potential benefits can be divided into three classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic determinants of entry into Canadian banking, 1963-7. The objective of this paper is to examine whether those barriers to entry which explain entry reasonably well in the manufacturing industries also explain entry in Canadian banking. On the basis of projections to banking from estimates over the manufacturing industries we predict a rate of entry into banking of over two new banks per year. This is significantly more than the observed rate over the relevant 1963-7 period of 0.25. The economic barriers to entry leave the low rate of entry into banking largely unexplained but there are provisions in the Bank Act which could be crucial entry barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents updates on the Canadian Economics Association as of November 1973. Minutes of the Seventh Annual Meeting on June 2, 1973, held in Kingston; Reports of managing editors; Papers presented at the meeting.

Market Structure and Price-Cost Margins: An Analysis of the Canadian Manufacturing Sector. This paper reports the results of an econometric investigation of the relationship between industry price-cost margins and various elements of industry structure in a cross-section of forty-three three-digit Canadian manufacturing industries during the period 1965-9. Among the elements of industry structure which are included as independent variables are the rate of growth of demand, seller concentration, product differentiation, economies of scale, and the effective rate of tariff protection. The principal conclusion of the study is that, given the rate of growth of demand and the level of capital intensity, inter-industry differences in price-cost margins are significantly correlated with a variety of measures of seller concentration. A second concluson is that a given level of seller concentration exerts a significantly greater effect on price-cost margins in the consumer goods sector than in the producer goods sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facies relationships in Pleistocene braided outwash deposits in southern Ontario demonstrate the presence of a large braid bar with adjacent side channel. The core of the bar is up to 6 m high, and consists of crudely horizontally stratified gravels. Downstream from the core is the bar front facies, consisting of large gravelly foresets up to 4 m high, rounded off in many places by reactivation surfaces. Upstream from the core is the bar stoss side facies consisting of several sets (individually up to 35 cm thick) of tabular cross-bedding, arranged in coarsening-upward sequences. The stoss side-core-bar front relationships are continuously exposed in one 400 m long quarry face which is cut almost parallel to the palacoflow direction. A transverse quarry face shows the side channel facies, which consists if trough cross-bedded sands. Gravel layers can be seen to finger from the main gravelly bar into the sandy side channel, but they do not reach the base of the channel. This surprising relationship indicates that gravel moved only in the topographically higher parts of the system. After deposition in the side channel, and growth upstream and downstream from the bar core, the entire system aggraded. Crudely horizontally stratified, and imbricaled gravel sheets were laid down as a bar top facies. Grain size analyses indicate strongly bimodal distributions, implying that much of the sand in the spaces between pebbles and boulders filtered in after the gravel had been deposited. This interpretation is strengthened by velocity calculations—mean velocities in excess of 300 cm/s would be needed to roll the gravel as bed load, but at such a velocity, a large amount of sand would be transported entirely in suspension. In a final section of the paper, our results are combined with other work on braided systems in an attempt to formulate a more general facies model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper is to test the expectations theory for Canada. While several wage equations have been estimated using
1 I wish to thank Lester Taylor, Michael Wachter, Thomas Wilson and the editors for helpful comments on this study. I am also grateful to Phyllis Clark, Jan Duinker and George Ugray for most capable research assistance. Financial support for this research was provided by the Prices and Incomes Commission in Ottawa. However, the views expressed are those of the author, and the Commission has not been asked to give its approval.
2 For a rather complete summary and comparison of a number of these studies see Bodkin et al. [2]. References in square brackets are listed on pp. 16-17.
3 In particular, various expectational models have been developed by Lucas and Rapping [12], [13], Phelps [16] and Mortensen [14]. Many of the recent contributions to the theory of labour markets and inflation are contained in [17]. It should also be pointed out that Lucas and Rapping in fact develop an unemployment function in which the unemployment rate depends upon wage and price expectations, reversing the causality of the conventional Phillips curve.
Canadian data, none of the existing studies attempts to formulate the relationship in terms of the expectations hypothesis.[1] Some empirical investigations of the hypothesis have been carried out for the United States, and while the American results certainly indicate that expectations play an important part in money-wage determination, the coefficient on the expectations term is always significantly less than unity (usually about 0.4).[2] The interesting conclusion to emerge from the present study is that the Canadian experience provides much stronger support for the hypothesis. In most cases--and certainly in the statistically most satisfactory equations--the expectations coefficient turns out to be insignificantly different from unity, consistent with the neo-classical version of the theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of a questionnaire study of 700 anglophone and 404 francophone Canadian university and trade school students, dealing with attitudes toward and experience of various premarital sexual intimacies. Factor analysis and step regression analysis procedures were used. A significant increase in reported intercourse experienced by women, particularly among anglophone students, and clear evidence of emergence of a new sexual morality were found. Intimacy attitude indices were best predicted by the conventionality factor among anglophones, and by the religiosity factor among francophones. Intimacy behavior indices were better predicted by relationship factors than by normative factors for both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the introduction of the paper. Economic Accounts are defined as a set of statistics useful in economic analysis and reason is defined as a province. The paper is divided into four sections the first of which contains a brief historical outline of the development of demands for provincial economic accounts and the Dominion Bureau of Statistics' response to these needs. Apart from a description of the more well-known conceptual difficulties, some of the fundamental problems of the usefulness and applicability of a national accounting framework to the regional scene are discussed. The resource problems of constructing analytically meaningful and reliable as well as spatially reconcilable regional accounts are described. Section II outlines the impact of present policies and problems on the development of regional statistics. It describes the reasons for the Bureau's desire to strengthen its data base in regional terms and the decision to await possible construction of regional accounts till the regional data base has been fleshed out in a more systematic manner. With the development of the latter, the ability, advantages and disadvantages of the provinces undertaking their own estimates must also be more fully explored. The third part of the paper deals with an overview of work in Canada on provincial accounts carried out by organizations other than the Dominion Bureau of Statistics. Section IV gives a very summary description of the data gaps which exist in presently available regional statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is a part of a larger study of economic growth in Canada, following the methods developed by Edward Denison in his book The Sources of Economic Growth in the United States and the publication Why Growth Rates Differ. The new material in this paper relates to Canada and the Canadian/U.S. comparison, while the material on Northwest Europe is drawn from the Brookings study. The present paper sets out the results to date on the differences in real output per employed person between Canada and the United States for one year, 1960. At this stage in our research the results indicate that the level of real output per employed person in Canada was about 20 per cent lower than in the United States in that year. On the basis of historical output data, it would appear that this margin of difference in Canadian/U.S. product levels has persisted throughout the present century. The central part of this paper examines the significance of differences in factor inputs in Canada and the United States and their contribution to the difference in income. The level of inputs per employed person in Canada accounts for only about 2 percentage points of the income difference between Canada and the United States. These results indicate that the overwhelming part of the difference in output per employed person between the two countries reflects the differences in output in relation to total factor inputs, rather than the magnitude of other factor inputs used in combination with labour. This result is consistent with earlier studies by Denison and others which have indicated the crucial importance of output in relation to total factor inputs, both in output growth over time and intercountry comparisons of output level. The body of the paper can give only brief attention to the numerous conceptual and statistical questions that arise in such a wide-ranging study, and the authors do not pretend to have tackled, let alone resolved, all of the wide range of problems related to this study. Nor do they claim any high degree of precision for the results, especially in the light of the statistical limitations of the basic data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fact that adolescent residents of smaller communities have lower aspirations than adolescent residents of larger communities is well documented. A number of possible explanations have been suggested: (1) financial resources and needs, (2) educational opportunities, (3) the sociocultural context of community life, and (4) special consequences of farming. However, no previous researcher has attempted a direct empirical evaluation of the relative importance of these explanations. In this paper data from a survey of Canadian high school girls were used to evaluate the first three, since the fourth appears to apply only to boys. This analysis indicates that educational opportunity explains most of the relationship; and when both educational opportunity and community context are controlled, all relationship between community size and college aspiration disappears. Previous research allows tentative generalization of these findings to high school boys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has become widely accepted by those working in the sociology of science that one of the most significant social processes within the scientific communities the exchange of information for professional recognition. Professional recognition is valued by scientists, not only because it is experienced as gratifying in itself, but also because it makes more accessible a variety of associated rewards such as research funds, promotion, salary increases and so on. Professional recognition, however, depends on research publication. Thus, the professional career of research scientists centres around the exchange of information for recognition. In the present article, the physics department at a new Canadian university is studied with special reference to this exchange process and to the manner in which the reward system of the scientific profession structures activities within the department. The first section of this article examines how the policy of the government-sponsored National Research Council combine with norms of independence within the department to enable the physicists at Simon Fraser University in Burnaby, British Columbia to pursue their individual research interests.

The article focuses on the program for the annual meeting of the Phycological Society of America. The meeting will be held at the University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, in Canada, from June 20-24, 1971. The chairmen of the program will be Harold C. Bold and Louis Druehl. All sessions of the program at which contributed papers, lectures and the symposium are presented are scheduled as joint sessions of the Phycological Society of America, the Phycological Section of the Canadian Botanical Association and the Phycological Section of the Botanical Society of America.

Deals with a study on the domestic use of manufactured commodities and unfinished manufactured construction materials in Canada for census years from 1870-1915. Data from the reports of the Department of Customs; Construction of national product estimates for Canada; Role of the Canadian tariff under the national policy.

Examines the relative importance of the causes of variation in employment sensitivity to the employment cycle in the Canadian regions. Outline of the theory underlying the equations concerning the demand for labor in the regions; Separation of the effects of regional differences in output cycles and in the elasticities of demand for labor with respect to output; Comparison of each region's employment cycle with that of Canada as a whole.

Presents the estimates of final and intermediate commodity output derived from the manufacturing censuses in Canada. Rate of growth of the Canadian economy; Comparison of the process of industrialization in Canada and the U.S.; Examination on the growth and structure of the flows of commodity output.

The article focuses on the paper "The Merchantile Bank Affair," by John Fayerweather. In his paper, the author discusses the effect of First National City Bank's ownership of Mercantile Bank on national monetary control and the competitive status of national banks in Canada. He informs that in 1963 First National City Bank of New York bought the Mercantile Bank from its Dutch owners. At the time Mercantile was a very small part of the Canadian banking industry. However, the purchase represented the first U. S. entry into the industry dominated by eight nationwide chartered banks and aroused strong nationalistic reaction. The acquisition could legally be completed without official approval but the government counteracted by proposing a change in the banking law that would in effect force Citibank to give up 75% of its control. A major struggle ensued involving the Canadian and U. S. governments. The affair is a significant milestone in the evolution of Canadian foreign investment policy because it is the only case in which the concept of forced divestiture has been strongly pursued.

Presents an update on issues related to weed control for the year 1969. Highlights of the Fourth International Agricultural Aviation Congress in Ontario, Canada on August 25-29; Reason Dr. E. C. S. Little resigned his appointment as Overseas Liaison Officer with the A.R.C. Weed Research Organization; Main purpose of the conference entitled, Some Safety Aspects of Pesticides in the Countryside held in London, England.

The present paper constructs an index of the overall level of entry barriers for each of the 71 Canadian three-digit manufacturing industries. This index, and its underlying methodology, should be more useful than any alternative empirical measure of overall entry barriers currently available. Some measure of the overall level of entry barriers is crucial to anti-trust investigators, as well as economists interested in the interaction between market structure and performance. This index of entry barriers is then employed to re-examine several issues current in the market structure-performance literature. Often economists expect a strong positive relationship between entry barriers and long-run average profit rates. However, there are several reasons why this relationship may not be detected in empirical investigations based on reported profit rates. An industry may record relatively high profit rates without entry barriers if its equity is understated due to the omission of intangible capital created by advertising or research and development. An industry with high entry barriers may be relatively unprofitable if the rents of many of the scarce factors have been capitalized. Similarly, high barriers and only modest profits will coincide if the benefits of monopoly power are reflected in inefficiency or non-monetary benefits rather than profits. Another factor preventing a strong positive relationship between entry barriers and profit rates is limit pricing.

In this paper we construct a model that describes the behavior of the foreign exchange market and Exchange Fund. Cross-spectral and regression analysis of daily data are used to show that official intervention contributed significantly to the short-run stability of Canadian exchange rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper considers the adequacy of unit value indexes as proxies for industrial selling price indexes in Canada, in light of the considerations raised in the Searle report for the United States (summarized elsewhere in this issue). Some 3,237 regressions are run using the industrial selling price index for a commodity group as the dependent variable and the corresponding unit value index as the independent variable. The unit value indexes perform poorly as predictors of the I.S.P.I.; the overall tendency is for the unit value index to overestimate changes in the I.S.P.I., and to explain on average only about 30 percent of the total variance of the I.S.P.I. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accordingly, the main purpose of this paper is to derive hypothetical optimal group policy configurations corresponding to different short-run Phillips curves and different assumptions concerning the rate of U.S. inflation. This issue is analyzed in terms of the minimization of community group disutility functions, subject to alternative short-run Phillips relationships. The effects of imported inflation on optimal policy are measured by determining optimal reaction functions for various community groups and political parties. Actual policy is then compared with optimal policy and suggestions are made about the ways in which the welfare of the various community groups can be permanently increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with the effects of the national policy tariffs on farm implements on the level and distribution of Prairie income in the development phase of the Canadian wheat economy. Development of a model of Prairie agriculture; Use of the model to derive hypothetical output and income shares in the absence of the tariff; Calculation of the impact of the tariff.

The response of labour supply to demand in Canadian regions. In Canada cyclical fluctuations in unemployment are more severe in some regions than in others. An explanation might be that in the regions where unemployment falls least in recession, the discouraged worker effect operates more strongly, leading to relatively heavy disguised unemployment in these regions. Regression analysis is used to examine whether this explanation is wholly or partially valid. It turns out not to be. On the contrary, additional worker effects appear, and in a pattern such that an adjustment to measured unemployment rates to allow for them would reveal even greater differences across regions in sensitivity to recessions than were previously thought to obtain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deals with a study which discussed the profitability of the consumer good industries in Canada in 1965. Factors included in the test for profitability; Evaluation of the economic performance of the country; Definition of the entry barriers to the industry.

On the other hand, most neo-Keynesians believe that even if there is full adjustment to expectations, the long-run PC could have a finite slope.[1,2]
This paper summarizes some of our empirical work on the relationship between unemployment and wage-price stability in Canada. The study focuses on the short-run and long-run stability of the PC, primarily with a view to considering the applicability of the Friedman-Phelps hypothesis to the Canadian experience. We will discuss in the following section four variants of the PC, two of them neo-classical in concept. The central question we will focus on will be "to what extent, and for how long, the gains in employment achieved initially by accepting a higher rate of inflation are likely to persist once people begin to catch on the game".[3] We will also present empirical estimates for each of the models. The final section will contain two forecasting tests for each of the relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study on the attitude of Canadian students toward parenthood. The data for the study was collected from student sample in French and English Canada during the winter of 1967-68 using an anonymous questionnaire technique. English sample members favored the use of birth control more than the members of French sample. English members had more egalitarian attitude towards division of parenthood responsibilities and disciplining children than the French members. English members were also more tolerant toward divorce than French members.

A lack of measures of adoptions, poor techniques of measurement, and confusion as to the meaning of an adoption rate have led to conclusions which cannot be supported by the data on which they are based. The nature of these findings has led to an increased volume of research which will be fruitful only if better techniques of measurement are employed. A number of measures are suggested to deal with a variety of problems, using both individuals and groups as units of analysis. Preliminary data from a Canadian study are presented for illustrative purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on three meetings held in various parts of the world related to various aspects of sociology and criminology. First one was held from 27 August to 3 September 1965, Montreal, Quebec. It became the capital of international criminology. In it criminologists from all over the world met to take their bearings and to see what progress has been achieved in the scientific study of the causes of delinquency, methods of preventing criminal acts. Secondly, under the programmer for the development of comparative cross-cultural research of the International Social Science Cultural (ISSC), a conference following the ISSC General Assembly, was held in Paris, France from 22 to 24 April 1965. The conference considered five main themes: the cross-cultural method; comparative analysis of historical change; comparative analysis of processes of modernization; aggregate statistical comparisons of nations; comparative sample surveys. In general terms, the purpose of the conference was to discuss recent examples of comparative research on each of the above themes and to review alternative strategies for the further advancement of comparative research on a world scale. Lastly, representatives of the six European institutes taking part in the research for a comparative study of the various forms of aid to developing countries met in Vienna, Austria from 20 to 22 September 1963 to discuss the issue.

The difference in wages between Canada's skilled and unskilled workers, in percentage terms, was substantially smaller in 1965 than in 1939. In many industries the gap has halved. An attempt is made in this paper to demonstrate the nature and extent of the narrowing during the period 19091965, and to examine some of the factors responsible for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper assesses the role of inventive and innovational activity in the growth process of Canada, a country which relies overwhelmingly, some 90 per cent, on the importation of technological advances and operational know-how from abroad. Canada has prospered under this arrangement but at a price. With technology came foreign capital, foreign management and substantial foreign control. To lessen Canada's dependence on foreign know-how, this country has embarked on an expanded R & D programme. But the pay-off from these efforts has been less than expected. To throw a light on the subject, the results of two new surveys are presented: one a sample survey of patents granted, the other an interview survey of large corporations. Questions examined include sources of know-how and technological advances, utilization of inventions and abandonment of innovations, R & D and innovations, domestic and foreign innovations, and the profitability of innovations. Aggregative assessment is supplemented by disaggregative analysis using cross-section and industry data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an attempt to examine the applicability of the relative income hypothesis (RIH) in terms of its various specifications proposed by Duesenberry, Duesenberry, Eckstein and Fromm (DEF), Davis and the authors (MD). Using the time series data for 1951 through 1968 the analysis has been carried out for Canada, Finland, Guatemala, Honduras, India, Japan, Philippines, Sweden, United Kingdom and the United States. It is found that RIH provides a fairly good representation of the consumption behaviour of all the countries included in the study. All specifications, however, do not perform equally well. DEF and Davis functions score the maximum points; MD comes at par with DEF in case of Finland, Guatemala, and India. The original Duesenberry specification performs very poorly. This lends us to conclude that the process of habit formation is continuous contrary to what is implied by Duesenberry's original specification and that consumption is a better indicator of the standard of living than income is. Estimates of the long-run marginal propensities to consume are essentially the same as those computed from the permanent income hypothesis by Singh and Drost [1970]. This lends support to the view that the two hypotheses have essentially the same long-run implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is in part directed towards a partial examination of Canadian concepts and methods used in the deflation of constant price estimates of gross domestic product from both an expenditure and industry-of-origin point of view, and in part toward certain problems arising in the development of a conceptually balancing set of accounts in real terms. It also provides reference material to allow the reader to pursue the detailed methodology and data underlying the Canadian constant price accounts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper has five main objectives: to reformulate the "administered prices inflation hypothesis"; to build a model of long-run profit maximization in firms with market power and interested in earning a target return to capital; to test the "catching-up" hypothesis and the "Ackley-Galbraith" hypothesis as two parts of the reformulated administered prices inflation hypothesis (A.P.I.H.); to study the influence of size, degree of concentration and the actual use of market power on administered prices inflation; and, finally, to analyze the effectiveness of anti-inflationary policies seen in the light of our empirical results.[1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]