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The article focuses on the interaction recorder, an electronic punched paper tape unit for recording speech behavior during interviews. The study of verbal interview behavior results in the accumulation of (and the ultimate necessity to process) large quantities of data. This is true whether the investigative focus is on such global phenomena as personality traits or personality change, analysis of the content or themes expressed, or on such structural characteristics as frequency and durations of single units of speech and silence. With both the Chapple Interaction Chronograph and the Interaction Recorder, a trained observer is needed in order to record the interview interaction.

This paper reports two experiments testing the hypotheses that the rate and degree of verbal conditioning are inversely related to the personality variables of rigidity and extraversion, these predictions being based on theoretical formulations by psychologists, R.B. Cattell and H.J. Eysenck, respectively. The most striking finding was that the conditioning procedures did not induce reliable, i.e. repeatable, changes in performance. This result which precluded an adequate test of the hypotheses under investigation is in marked contrast to previous studies using this and other methods of conditioning, and requires explanation.

The article discusses how a clinician is a behavioral scientist. It is the thesis of this paper that whatever a clinical psychologist does, whether diagnosis, therapy, or teaching, he does his work properly only because he is a research worker. At present there seems to be a trend away from meticulous diagnostic work. In the face of this, it should be pointed out that only through diagnostic effort, that is, psychological measurement, can the clinician set his goal in therapy, and more importantly, know when this therapeutic goal has been reached.

The article informs that self-report techniques have been utilized to measure personality attributes since R.S. Woodworth's "Personality Inventory." The traditional self-report methodology requires the S to respond to a series of statements by indicating whether they are true or false when applied to himself, and his responses are scored by a key developed after an item analysis of the responses given by variously defined criterion groups. The technique for assessing self descriptions with which this paper is concerned lies somewhere between the above two methods of self-report, and consists of having subjects complete three sentence stems by selecting adjectives to describe their feelings, their study or work habits, and their social reaction pattern.

This paper reports one aspect of the Nobles County, Minnesota Mental Health Survey which has been underway since 1949. The general investigation had three main aims: (1) to undertake a study of the prediction of adjustment over time, (2) secure age data on personality and adjustment measures, and (3) develop screening instruments for locating children and adolescents in need of special attention. The first of these aims, the prediction of adjustment, is reported on here. The predictions cover a four year period and the results reported are for the men in the sample. The problems of the present prediction study can be reduced to (1) the development of predictors, (2) the development of criteria, and (3) the relation of predictors to criteria.

The purpose of this paper is to present an illustrative case study written up following the systematic method for evaluating all possible factors "organizing personality integration" developed by this author in his outline of principles of psychological examining. The rationale of the method is based on a general theory of personality integration which postulates that a principal problem of diagnosis is to identify and evaluate the various levels of factors organizing behavior by relating the interactions of sub functions to the organization of personality as a whole. Behavior may be interpreted as reflecting the attempts of the organism to maintain itself at the highest possible level of organization depending upon the harmonious and sell-consistent interactioning of all lower level supporting functions.

The article cites the study to approach the adult female obese personality through the use of the Rorschach test. The authors' plan is (1) to determine if there are reliable and differentiating Rorschach quantitative indices which characterize the personality structure of obese women as contrasted with women within the ideal weight range, (2) to determine the degree in which these differentiating indices are present, and (3) to attempt to reconstruct a pattern of psychic-economic distribution of personality energy typical of the personality structure of obese women. Later papers will treat nuclear conflicts and crucial relationships in the personality of obese women as reflected in other projective techniques.

This article discusses directive psychotherapy. The purpose of, this paper is to discuss the nature, indications and contraindications of methods of therapy involving pressure or coercion. Pressure is defined as the bringing to bear upon the client of stimulation tending to direct action toward specific goals. Coercion involves restraint or regulation by force, usually by law or authority, compelling or constraining the! client to comply with directions. Pressure will usually involve influences which leave ultimate responsibility for conformance up to the client himself, while coercion requires mandatory conformance.

The article examines the Sargent Test. Sargent has recently made an attempt to incorporate the principles of projective methods into a group paper-and-pencil personality test, thus combining the administrative advantages of a written test with the diagnostic value of a projective technique. The theory and principles which lie behind this Test of Insight into Human Motives are reviewed. The present study seeks to investigate the Sargent test to further examine the reliability of the test; and to develop a simpler scoring system. The subjects were women from the beginning psychology classes at the University of Wisconsin in the fall of 1945, who volunteered for "a simple written experiment in connection with the study of group tendencies in college students."

The article presents the comments of the author on the research paper "The Therapist-Patient Relationship," published in January 1973 issue of "Journal of Analytical Psychology," C.G. Jung's description of the analyst-patient relationship quoted in this paper refers primarily to an attitude of mind on the part of analyst and one which is hard to sustain when the transference is hard to sustain when the transference is of archetypal. The way in which Jung placed the personality of the analyst before knowledge and technique was over-emphatic

This paper relates three patterns of ego control to the perception of hostility. "Expressors" are defined as people who respond directly to stimulation or threat, who are underinhibited, with a tendency to express impulses openly and with little anxiety or guilt. "Sensitizers" are defined as people who tend to be alerted to potential threat and conflict, to respond more readily with manifest anxiety, and to use intellectual and obsessive defenses. This paper summarizes two experiments in which there was more control over degree of acquaintance, the kind of person described and the interpersonal situation than was possible in that field study.

The article deals with the responses of a psychoneurotic and psychotic population to two hypothetical situations and compares them with reported group data on "normals." The modal tendencies revealed by the patients suggest, at least based on the two situations presented in this paper, that the hypothetical situation technique reflects cultural and conventional stereotypes more than it does personal and idiosyncratic outlook. It does, however, permit the establishing of group reference points from which baseline the clinician can assess individual responses and deviations. Increased fertile use of the technique will have to provide expression for more specific individual meanings related to the person's coping and defensive responsiveness to life situations.

The article presents information on the coefficient of profile similarity. Since the second paper on this statistical quantity was published, several psychologists have asked the author to rationalize a procedure which permits the use of all the segments, including segments of zero slope. This note attempts to do just that. Whenever zero slope segments occur in the reference or compared profiles it will be given either a positive or a negative slope. The determination of the appropriate sign is made by reference to some chance operation. The implicit assumption here is that when zero slope segments occur, a very large sample of segments taken from the same individual or group would yield equal -relative frequencies for positive and negative slopes.

The article discusses test anxiety, preliminary instructions, and responses to personality inventories. The experiment was designed to study the relationship of one personality characteristic, test anxiety, to Ss' reactions to two types of instructions, one of which emphasized paper and pencil tests as sensitive diagnostic instruments and the other of which was neutral in character. Stressing the assessment aspects of intellectual performance situations has been found to lead to opposite effects for high and low anxiety scorers. Low anxious Ss improve their performance, while the performance of high anxious Ss declines.

This article presents an investigation whose purpose is to determine whether personality changes occur in a college population as a function of an efficient reading course. From a sample of 52 male undergraduate students who voluntarily applied for admission to a non-credit reading efficiency course, 45 admitted students composed the experimental group and 7 non-admitted students constituted the control group. The course, which consists of lectures, tachistoscopic training and practice on reading papers, constitutes one hour of the student's time, five days a week for a period of six consecutive weeks. The total sample was administered the California Psychological Inventory before the course commenced.