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In this situation, personal preferences with respect to the pattern of consumption over time will constitute an important factor influencing the education decision of each individual. This factor, in conjunction with considerations pertaining to the productivity of investment in education, may be expected to strongly influence the observed levels of earnings and education for the population, and thereby estimates of the rate of return to education. Despite an overall awareness of the problem, there has been little systematic attempt to analyse the impact of variations in these preferences on the currently available estimates of the rate of return to education.[1] The main purpose of this paper is to provide such an analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this paper has been to present and exemplify a new and alternate method of return assessment. The method does have computational and mathematical advantage. It is also believed to have analytic advantage in that it is less susceptible to manipulation by base selection and more closely associated with performance measures which are relatively well defined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article focuses on the high interest rates in the unorganized rural money markets in Thailand. Rates of interest on loans from banks and from money lenders are only two rates in a wide spectrum which includes rates on private loans among businessmen, on loans by urban money lenders, on industrial shares, on the stockholding of commodities and, most important of all, on the ownership of land; the economic significance of the rates on loans from banks and from money lenders depends to a large extent on their effects on the spectrum as a whole. The very much higher rates on personal loans might be accounted for by risk and cost of administration. The small difference between the rate of return on the stockholding of rice and the measured rate of return on the ownership of land, could be attributed either to the riskiness of stockholding or to the expectation of a gradual rise in the rent of land due to domestic inflation, population pressure or a rise in the world price of rice. The evidence presented here does not advance in any respect the debate over the risks and monopoly explanation of moneylenders' rates, unless perhaps the existence of low rates of return on productive investment supports one side or the other.

By means of a number of general models the relationships are analysed which are of importance when applying shiftwork systems : for the organization which applies them, its employees, the owners and the community. A quantitative model gives an insight into the shiftwork system which can be regarded as an optimum from an economic angle (depending on the pay level, shift allowances and invested capital). Divergences from the optimum may decrease the rate of return considerably. The outcomes of an analysis of alternatives in a series of companies are discussed. The approach on the side of companies frequently proves not to be satisfactory. It appears that better information is desirable, with regard to both the economic and the social aspects of shiftwork. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]