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This paper analyzes changes in the distribution of Soviet pulp, paper, and paperboard production between the years 1940 and 1965. Regional variation exists both in physical volume of production and in type of plant. Production of pulp and paper occurs primarily in integrated plants. whereas most paperboard is manufactured in non-integrated mills. but integrated manufacture of all three products has increased between 1940 and 1965. Regional location of production in the Soviet pulp and paper industry has been heavily influenced by historical events, by the Proportion of weight lost during processing of roundwood, by creation of new mills and expansion of older establishments, and by the operational characteristics of Soviet central planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study concerning the "parts" of cut-paper art products in an attempt to know the influence of teacher motivation and non-motivation on its overall aesthetic quality in art education. In relation, the definition of terms, population, and the experiment's procedure are presented. The study shows that the amount of overall aesthetic quality judged in the "parts" had much influence on the overall aesthetic quality in the final art product. It suggests that all complex relationships should be carefully defined and explored to understand the relation among the creator, the creative process, and the final art product.

Explores the changing locational patterns of the pulp and paper industry in Soviet Union. Evaluation of the changes locational pattern of the industry; Range of per capita consumption of the industry; Terms of capital investments.

Elaborates on the factors affecting the process of publishing a research paper. Quality and importance of the data, analysis, implications and writing; Marketing; Costs of publishing.

The article presents titles and abstracts of papers submitted at a meeting held in Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1938. The paper "The Sequent Occupance of a Boston Suburban Community," presented by Edward A. Ackerman focuses on areas surrounding the Boston metropolitan district. The proximity of a large city market, plots of level land and fertile soil determine the existence of these suburban fanning communities. The article "The Recession of Victoria Falls," by Wallace W. Atwood. The world famous falls on the Zainbesi have had a strange and remarkable history in recession. The gorge is serpentine with many curious off-shoots, and located on the floor of a broad and much older flat-bottomed valley. Today the water tumbles over a ledge, fully a mile in length, and into a very narrow chasm 350 ft. deep.

This article focuses on the titles and abstracts related to land use and geography. Esther S. Anderson published the paper "Population Changes in Nebraska Since 1880." Wallace W. Atwood published the paper "The Development of Productive Scholarship Among American Geographers." Oliver E. Baker published "The Importance and Permanence of the Physical Factors in Determining the Utilization of Land for Agricultural and Forest Production." Zonia Baber published "The Distribution of Sunlight and Moonlight on the Earth." Charles F. Brooks published "Cold Surf with Off-Shore Winds."

The article presents abstracts of geographical research papers. In the research paper "A Geographical Study of Nova Scotia," researcher R.H. Whitebeek discusses the geographic conditions of Nova Scotia. Lying nearer Europe and possessing many excellent harbors and peopled by immigrants from the best European stocks, the province of Nova Scotia in Canada has now, after 300 years, fewer people than the city of Boston, Massachusetts. Its total manufacturing output is less than that of single companies in New England, and the province has shared but slightly in Canada's economic growth.

The article presents discussion of a paper by statistician I.J. Good. The author supposes that most statisticians approaching the problem of testing goodness of fit would have been very much less ambitious than Good has been. Most of the people, if spend some time looking at the first planet, Mercury and the last two, Neptune and Pluto, do not agree with Bode's law, whereas all the intermediate planets from Venus to Uranus seem to fit the law remarkably well. Those statisticians who were sufficiently knowledgeable would presumably meditate on the matters that Good has meditated on; but, having done this, most people would make a merely informal judgment and completely shirk the challenge that Good has met, to evaluate the weight of evidence. Good remarks that if one is going to test goodness of fit of a theory to some data, using either a Neyman-Pearson approach or a Bayesian approach, one have to frame explicit hypotheses. Over a good many years the author has, from time to time tried to think about the general problem of testing goodness of fit, and remain skeptical about whether goodness of fit can be adequately discussed either in Neyrnan-Pearson or in Bayesian terms because of this necessity to have, not only an explicit null hypothesis, but also a fully defined explicit alternative hypothesis or set of alternative hypotheses.

The article focuses on four papers by the geographer, Ralph H. Brown. The writings of Brown in historical geography of the U.S. are among the notable contributions to American geography. His many articles, as well as his two major works, "Mirror for Americans," and "Historical Geography of the United States," demonstrate his concept of historical geography with eminent clarity and with scholarly regard for the origins of that concept. He observed existing geographic facts and he searched historical records.

This paper summarizes the physical and human geography of the southwestern part of Greenland, stretching from Upernavik at the southern end of Melville Bay in approximately 73° N latitude, southward to Cape Farewell in approximately 60° N latitude. It is along this southwestern coast of Greenland that modernization has token place, and it is here that development is proceeding rapidly. Since about six-sevenths of Greenland is buried under ice, only a narrow strip of land is exposed along the coastline, never exceeding one hundred miles. Most of the 22,000 people live along this coastal fringe. Of mixed Eskimo and European origin, these "Greenlanders" have increased rapidly in numbers in the last half-century, and are now straining the restricted natural resources of the country. Denmark, which has governed the country for almost two centuries, has traditionally maintained a strict policy of isolating Greenland from outside contacts. This has protected the natives and given them a high standard of education, reasonably good health, and a carefully planned economy insulating them from the vagaries of world prices. Today this traditional policy is being questioned. Intensive efforts are now being made to modernize West Greenland through building efficient harbors, power stations, fish processing plants, by raising still higher educational standards, and by speeding up Greenland's self-government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents abstracts of papers presented at the Association of American Geographers' 1942 meeting in New York City. "Rural-Urban Population Ratios," by Alford Archer; "Land Classification in the Matanuska Valley," by Meredith F. Burrill; "Siberian Resources for Soviet Warfare," by George B. Cressey; "Geographical distribution of human productivity," by Ellsworth Huntington. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in the U.S. in 1935. Variability series of crop and livestock maps of Nebraska; Technique for constructing a population and urban land use map; Effects of sea temperature on anomalies in seasonal temperature and rainfall departures.

Presents the title and abstracts of papers presented during the 1934 annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers held in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Increasing significance of geographic conditions in the growth of nation-states; Erosional history of the wind river range, Wyoming; Long-lot farm and economic in public services.

Presents a list of abstracts and papers in geography as of March 1929. "The Physical Factors Affecting the Agricultural Utilization of the Southern Rocky Mountains," by Rollin S. Atwood; "Some Open Problems in the Physiograph of North America," by Wallace W. Atwood; "Significant Geographic Aspects of the Exploratory Period in the History of Central America," by Nels A. Bengston.

Studies the abstracts of several research papers on geography in the U.S. in 1925. Beet sugar industry of Nebraska as a response to geographic environment; Physiographic stages in the evolution of the San Juan Mountain region in Colorado; Urban development in the Kentucky mountains.

The article presents titles and abstracts of papers related to geography. A presidential address entitled "The Influence of Geographic Conditions Upon Current Mediterranean Stock Raising," will be presented by Ellen Church Semple. The abstract entitled "Significant Changes in the Utilization of Agricultural Land," as shown by the 1920 Census mentions that the statistics available from the 1920 census show significant changes in the utilization of land during the decade. There was an increase in farm land of 84 million acres in the western half of the U.S.

The article focuses on titles and abstracts of papers related to geography. The abstract entitled "The Geographic Study of Population Groups," by M. Aurosseau discusses different kinds of population groups and the trend of their evolution into the groups of the present day. The abstract entitled "Changing Occupations in the United States," by Robert M. Brown focuses on the California Raisin Industry. As the raisin industry in California developed to its present size and prosperity numerous adjustments to the natural environment were made.

The article presents titles and abstracts of papers published in the January 1920 issue of the journal "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." The 'Southern Indiana,' includes the unglaciated portion of the state, the areas of Pre-wisconsin drift on each side of the unglaciated tract, and the margin of the area of Wisconsin drift border has been largely determined by geologic structure. In the title 'The Geographic Factors in the Distribution of Animals, with particular reference to the distribution of the land Reptiles of the Davis Mountains Region, Texas,' the distribution of the land reptiles of the Davis Mountains Region, Texas, shows that the zonal distribution is less than would be expected on the life-zone theory and that there is evidence that other geographic factors than climate are to be recognized.

Presents a list of titles and abstracts of papers regarding geography presented to the Association of American Geographers from 1904 to 1910.

The article provides notes to the contributors of papers to the journal "Population Studies". All typing, including footnotes, references, extracts and quotations to be double-spaced and on one side of the paper, which should preferably be A4 in size. Footnotes should be numbered consecutively throughout the paper and should preferably be typed at the bottom of the page to which they relate, or alternatively following the last page of the article, with triple spacing between each note. Three copies of all typing complete with figures, tables and references should be prepared. The top copy and one carbon should be submitted for editorial purposes and should be sent to Population Studies, Population Investigation Committee, London School of Economics, Houghton Street, Aldwych, London WC2A 2AE. One carbon copy should be retained by the author. Brief corrections should be inserted above the line involved and not in the margins. Any diversions in wording, spelling or punctuation from the original should be explicitly indicated or explained.

The article presents the views of art teachers on the article "Participant Observation As a Research Methodology," by Paul Pohland, which has been published within the issue. Professor of education and creative arts, Hilda P. Lewis, points out the limitations of Pohland's participant observation method in art education. Pohland comments on Lewis' remarks that flexibility and reliability are not compatible. Another response is by professor of art education, June K. Mcfee.

Tins paper is intended as an effort at taking-stock of the reference group concept after nearly three decades of use, the latter two of which have been marked by its more than ample employment. Its popularity indeed has so frequently led to its serving as an all-purpose post hoc explanation of behavior that it has led to the wry definition, "Your reference group is a group that you behave like and you behave like them because they're your reference group" (Cohen, 1962: 104). The inconsistencies, lack of clarity, but also areas of agreement which have marked the varied formulations of the concept, will be apparent from the following review and commentary. The Final discussion indicates some of the matters still to be considered in the use of thin important but perhaps overworked concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the resolution, submitted by the North American Assembly of State Arts Agencies, regarding arts and education in the U.S. The resolution aims to create a better learning environment for students and to support the teachers working toward better educational quality in American schools. The North American Assembly believes that arts are fundamental in American public education to encourage an open society and that they give way to the acceptance of cultural democracy. In addition, the committee considers an open teaching method in schools as a way to nurture students' capacities.

The article presents the author's comments on the summary of development psychologist Jean Piaget's findings by psychologist Kenneth M. Lansing. He believes that one particular aspect of the child's perceptual-conceptual learning experience must be recognized. He points out that Piaget almost totally neglects the learning of a child when he uses all of his sensory modalities, and not just visual perception and language in his concept building.

The article presents a historical survey of printmaking. The relief process is one of the oldest means of repeating design with the use of something like a rubber stamp or a typewriter key. After 100 A.D., the invention of paper by the Chinese paved the way for the use of the first smooth, cheap and tough surface for printing. Meanwhile, the Dutch created blockbooks by chipping religious texts and images on a plank of wood, inking it and printing by rubbing the back of the paper. In Europe the use of woodcuts invigorated translations from Latin and vernacular writings intended for the general reader.

This article examines Erik Jörgen Hansen's paper concerning Danish educational equalization. He starts by discussing a certain specified goal, social equality in the field of education. He then deals with a number of obstacles which according to him prevent the realization of the desired goal in existing school systems. Finally he proposes certain measures to clear away the obstacles or minimize their importance. The goals discussed by Hansen is social equality in the field of education. What this means to him he discusses at some length and comes out with a number of definitions. One of these, consistent equality, he then tries to operationalize. This means in its general version that equality is reached when the educational system is so constructed, that it for all leads to a result that does not make it possible to find any useful criterion according to which individuals can be singled out in relation to the education obtained. In a more limited way this goal can be said to have been reached if the individuals in various categories, examples are social groups, geographical area, sex and others, on the average, regardless of category, reach a completely identical educational result.

The article focuses on various publications of research institutes and educational societies in Durham and Newcastle in England. The publication of educational writing at all levels is regarded by the Durham Institute of Education as an important aspect of its work. Three periodicals are edited by members of the Institute staff. Research Review, an annual publication started in 1950, is the only one that aspires to be a national journal. It is intended to supplement the inadequate number devoted to educational research. From the Education Society of King's College, Newcastle, came the "Education Papers," an annual miscellany of mature reflection on educational topics, statements on method of teaching subjects or age groups by the Institute staff and descriptive articles by local teachers giving a picture of some facet of their work. The standard of most of these contributions is high enough to make them generally relevant although their setting is mainly regional. The Journal of the Institute of Education is a domestic affair. Appearing five times a year, it clearly provides a point of exchange for all concerned with local education. Here Institute staff teachers, examiners, administrators and youth workers exchange views in the vernacular as it were.

The article presents various titles of research papers related to geography by the Association of American Geographers. Some of papers included are "The General Magnetic Survey of the Earth," by L.A. Bauer, "Land Sculpturing in Arid Lands with Observations from Northeastern Africa," by W.H. Hobbs, "The Platforms of Barrier Coral Reefs," by T. Wayland Vaughan, "Botanical Phenomena and the Problem of Coastal Subsidence," by D.W. Johnson, "Characteristics of the Mississippi Delta in the Light of Comparative Studies of Some Old-World Deltas," by E.W. Shaw.

This article responds to author's commentaries on the article "The Study of Organizational Effectiveness," by J. L. Price. The basis of simplistic approach rests with three assumptions supposedly made by the paper. First, the paper, according to the authors, assumes uniformity in the meanings that respondents attach to words designating core organizational activities. The paper assumes that respondents possess knowledge and competency with respect to the evaluation of nursing care within their limited spheres of involvement in the hospitals. Although, it may be desirable to have a general measure of organizational effectiveness for the reason suggested in the paper, this may not be possible. Some scholars believe that organizational effectiveness is so specific that a general measure cannot be developed.

The article presents comments of the author on the article, "Regional Differences in the World Atmospheric Circulation," by John R. Borchert, published recently in a issue of "Annals of the Association of American Geographers." Nonetheless there is considerable question concerning the significance of the five maps that are the core of Borcherts presentation. These remarks are directed to a brief consideration of the significance and interpretation of his maps. It is only proper to think that in the body and foothotes of his paper professor Borchert indicated some of the limitations of his study, that the scale of the maps did not permit the delineation of zones and regions in detail.

The article reports on the development and use of behavioral objectives for improving the field experiences in student teaching presented by the Directors of Student Teaching at the State of Illinois Colleges and Universities, both private and public institutions. A form of position paper regarding this importance issue was made to present the opinions of the directors. The behavioral objective is to examine narrowly the work of the beginning teacher and focus attention on defined skills and behaviors to be achieved. The development and use of behavioral objectives are one approach on the problem of making pertinent efforts on improving the teaching education.

Focuses on the historical significance of the "Sunday Advertiser" in London, England. Entrance of the newspaper into the weekend market of journalism; The role of Elizabeth Johnson in the pioneering of English Sunday papers; The activities of the Friendly Society of Licensed Victuallers in opening a school and funding it with a newspaper; Discussion of content and circulation of the "Sunday Advertiser" in the early 19th century; Management of operating costs and profits; The committee system of management; Sale of the newspaper to William J. Clement.

The article focuses on developments relevant to education in Great Britain as of October 1973. Nigel Grant, reader in education at the University of Edinburgh, joined the Editorial Board of "Comparative Education" magazine. The eight session of the Standing Conference of European Ministers of Education was held in June 1973, which focused on "The Educational Needs of the 16-19 Age Group." UNESCO released its latest publication "Present Problems in the Democratization of Secondary and Higher Education." The Schools Council and the Standing Conference on University Entrance published the Working Paper 46, entitled "16-19: Growth and Response, 2. Examination Structure" and Working Paper 47, "Preparation for Degree Courses."

Public services in contrast to private businesses have been slow to accept more efficient technological change. Libraries, which handle voluminous amounts of information, fit in this category. Micro‐photography was first seriously introduced in the library field during World War II and has great potential for improving the capability of disseminating information. At the National Film Association convention held in Boston last year over 100 firms exhibited new equipment and supplies to improve information dissemination. Microfiche, a 4 x 6 inch card or piece of film, holds greatest promise of general acceptance. It will be possible to house whole libraries in a series of files. Each library will hold a master copy of each book or document, and copies can be made at nominal charges. The borrower will own the information rather than check it out. Savings in paper and space will be substantial. Visually handicapped students can be served much more readily as the photographed material can be reproduced or projected to any size. The current operation of the Educational Research and Information Center (ERIC) is a good example of how such a system will work for the researcher. Congress is now considering new copyright legislation concerning the copying of material and may well provide for a user fee to the publisher or author for material microfiched. Presently, microfiche seems to be the answer to solving the problem of handling the enormous quantities of information in our culture.

The article presents the author's comments on an article "Optimum Sample Size for a Problem in Choosing the Population With the Largest Mean," by statistician Paul N. Somerville, published in the June 1970 issue of "Journal of the American Statistical Association." In the article Somerville described a procedure for selecting the population with the largest mean from normal populations with unknown means and a common known variance. The author claims that his procedure gives a unique minimax solution and that the minimax is a reasonable solution to the problem. According to the author, Somerville has not made it clear that his procedure gives only the local minimax solution. This makes practical applications of his procedure severely limited for it is difficult to think of a situation in which an experimenter would like to determine a local minimax value.

The article presents an appendix note on a statistical question raised in the preceding paper.

The article discusses author's comment on the article "Some Comments on W.H. James's Article," by M. Henry in the November 1964 issue of the journal "Population Studies." M. Henry suggests modifications to the author's estimates to make them directly comparable with previous estimates. He concludes that there remains a disparity and to account for this he offers theoretical criticism of the methods used by the author in the study and objects to the values assigned to the mean duration of post-partum sterility. In modifying the author's estimates he considers the effect of spontaneous abortion. Author's study suggested that the probability of a woman's aborting might not increase much as she grows older. It seems possible that the apparent increase, or the greater part of it, could be explained as due to a statistical artifact. In any case it seems that M. Henry is providing an inappropriate factor to make the author's fecundability estimates comparable with earlier estimates based on conception waits.