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This article examines the relationship between Benito Mussolini's Fascist movement and Italian business before the March on Rome in 1922. The General Confederation of Italian Industry was launched in April 1919 and became the most influential organization of business groups in the country. Its founder Ettore Conti, a magnate of the electrical industry, explained that the Confederation was designed to act as a showcase in which industry would display its best men with an eye on their future participation in government. It was said that the Confederation lived by the gospel of economic liberalism, while fascism lived largely by its wits.

This article presents updates on industrial relations as of April 1959. The Institute of Industrial Relations has followed certain well-defined principles in its research program. The Fund for the Republic Inc. will finance studies by labor laws researcher Benjamin Aaron which includes an investigation of the impact of the federal loyalty-security program on the legal status, internal affairs and collective bargaining policies of unions. Irving Bernstein and Paul Bullock plans to publish their study "The Age of Labor: The American Worker From the Twenties to World War II.

The author is head of the Department of Slavic Studies, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, where he was previously also a professor of Portuguese. By contrast, he wrote his doctoral dissertation on Spanish literature and is a pianist who recently concertized extensively in Portugal, Spain, and Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Libraries do not receive much stress in correction textbooks, and librarians are not ordinarily scheduled as speakers at correctional conferences or published in correctional journals. For these reasons and because good library services are not generally available in state prison libraries across the nation, administrators may not be aware of the advantages a good library and librarian can offer.A survey of the fifty state institutional library consultants concerning adult correctional institution libraries resulted in forty-two replies representing 223 major libraries and 202 camp libraries.As of the winter of 1970, librarians holding masters' degrees or bachelors' degrees plus school certification served full- or part-time in fifty-eight libraries in twenty-nine states. There were 955,154 volumes in the libraries in the reporting states; however, many of the books were described as old, outdated, or unsuitable. To meet minimum standards, there should have been 1,422,580 books of quality.The lack of qualified librarians together with inadequate budgets has resulted in uncatalogued, unclassified collections, insufficient discarding, poor staff libraries, a shortage of related staff services, and a lack of reference service, reading guidance, book discussions, writers' groups, and other library-sponsored activities. Information was also gathered on public library assistance to institutions, bookmobiles, inmate access to shelves, and separate rooms for reading, listening, and viewing. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article focuses on the survey regarding the values and functions of the library. The National Opinion Research Center studied the functioning of the public library as a personal service organization and as a civic institution. The survey was conducted in seventeen cities, and 2114 persons over twenty-one of age. Two out of every five adults reported reading as a favorite diversion but only 25 percent made use of libraries. Those interviewed knew little about the services which public libraries rendered other than those of lending books. The American Library Association evolved standards for school libraries as to staff, resources, quarters, and administrative plans, in relation to the program of the school. Also, the educational film is now recognized as an important tool for public libraries in the recording and transmitting of knowledge and ideas.

This article presents an analysis of the library in education. The significance of the school library depends upon three factors of primary importance: its role as a contributing source to the curriculum; its position as a learning center in the school, a place where ideas are generated and knowledge is unified and integrated and its function as a dynamic force in promoting the intellectual growth of the individual. The library must be evaluated in these terms. The need for further study in the following areas: government and administrative authority; internal management and the use of library.

The article reports on the assertion of the Southern Regional Education Board that a survey should be made to obtain information about programs for the gifted children in the U.S. which would give an indication of the needs for and content of teacher education. A wide range of administrative and curricular practices was being utilized by local schools and school systems in the education of the gifted. Most of the college training for teachers and administrators in the education of the gifted had been accomplished through short summer workshops.