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Lipid is necessary for calcification of a calculus matrix. Matrix was prepared by decalcification of dental calculus. The matrix calcified when it was exposed to a metastable calcium phosphate solution. After extraction with chloroform-methanol, the matrix lost the capacity to calcify. The lipid extract was calcifiable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Weanling rats were maintained on a cariogenic diet for three or six weeks. Two control groups were given this diet ad libitum; the food intake of two other groups was restricted. The restricted groups gained less weight and developed less dental caries. Phospholipids and free fatty acids were the main lipid fractions in molars and incisors. Food restriction altered the amounts of these two fractions in the teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caries incidence was generally lower in rats fed a cariogenic diet that contained four different oils and fats at a 9% level than in those fed a diet with a 3% level of the same oil or fat. The amount of linoleic acid in pooled samples of dentin and enamel extracted from the molars and incisors was related to the amount of linoleic acid in the diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipid was extracted from the calcifiable microorganism, Bacterionema matruchotii. The total lipid and its crude phospholipid and nonphospholipid fractions were examined for calcium hydroxyapatite nucleation in a metastable calcium phosphte solution. Apatite occurred with the total lipid and with the crude phospholopid. No crystallinity was detected with the nonphospholopid fraction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids and fatty acids were extracted from the teeth of 16 animal species and were characterized by thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The types of lipids and fatty acids in the various teeth were similar, but the amounts were different. The major lipids were glycerides, cholesterol, cholesterol esters, and phospholipids; the major fatty acids were palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids. Trace amounts of many other lipids and fatty acids were present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lipids and fatty acids were extracted from eight specimens of fossil teeth that were reliably estimated to be 100,000 to 230,000,000 years old. The kinds and relative amounts of individual fatty acids present in the extract were estimated by gas-liquid chromatography. These ancient teeth were found to be similar to modern animal teeth in lipid and fatty acid content. It is noteworthy that unsaturated fatty acids (ie, oleic and linoleic acids) survived storage in teeth for millions of years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses Investigations into the lipids contained in human dentin as determined through thin-layer and gas-liquid chromatography. The fractionation of lipids including hydrocarbons, triglycerides, free fatty acids, sterols, and phospholipids is described. The correction of errors for lipid hydrolysis in the process of analysis is also noted.

Several abstracts presented at the 13th annual meeting of the Japanese division of the International Association for Dental Research are presented, including "Lipid Constituents of Developing Enamel," by S. Araya, S. Sasaki, and I. Keneko, "Electron Probe Microanalysis of Horse Dentin," by S. Takuma, S. Katagiri, and S. Ozasa, and "A Study on Sensitivity of the Human Tooth," by T. Nishiyama, M. Funakoshi, and Y. Kawamura.

The article presents a study which examines the histologic and histochemical effects of lipids in human odontoblasts. Histochemical procedures and histological techniques used are reviewed. Phase microscopy was used to examine removed teeth prepared in formalin. The author notes that the study was conducted to help with the identification of lipids in dentin.

This article discusses research into the chemical composition of lipids identified in dentin. The dentin was decalcified with the use of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). The lipids in dentin were removed and fractionated so as to identify the relative levels of cholesterols, glycerides, and phospholipids.

This article reports on salivary lipid concentrations in parotid glands. The article discusses how serum lipid determinations related to saliva help diagnose systemic disease. Information is provided on the collection and evaporation of saliva for research and the use of paper chromatography to measure and analyze lipids.

The article discusses lipid components of sound and carious dentin. According to past studies, lipids constitute an integral part of dentin. The author presents the application of several scientific techniques to determine a qualitative analysis of the lipid materials that are present in all types of dentin.

The article investigates the biochemical composition of human salivary mucin. An experiment is described and results are discussed. Findings revealed that human salivary mucin, precipitated and prepared under the methods described, contains negligible amounts of cholesterol. The authors comment on their results with respect to those reported in an earlier work by M.E. Kazakova.

Serum lipids of overnight fasting and of three-hour postprandial blood were compared for 635 Anglo- and 459 Spanish-American men, ages 20 through 79 years. More than one-third of the test population were institutionalized in a state hospital for mental or geriatric patients. In the male Spanish-American population in an environment typical for the ethnic group, serum fatty acids, triglycerides and cholesterol peak early in life, ten to thirty years before the corresponding peaks in Anglo-American men. Peak concentrations are not significantly different in normal Spanish- and Anglo-Americans, but concentrations are greater in Anglos during the fifties and sixties when their incidence of cardiovascular disease is highest. Postprandial means for fatty acids and triglycerides in normal men tend to parallel fasting curves at levels 20 to 40% higher for fatty acids and 60 to 100% higher for triglycerides. In institutionalized mental and geriatric patients, maximum serum lipid values in Spanish- and Anglo-American men occur in the same or contiguous decades, not showing the normal contrasts with age or ethnic division. Except for phospholipids, all lipid concentrations are lower in institutionalized than normal men for all decades other than in the twenties. The low serum lipid concentrations in Spanish men during the later decades of life, as well as the low incidence of cardiovascular deaths in Spanish males, appear to relate the lower cardiovascular death rate in New Mexico in part to the ethnic profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the finding that the formation of lipid peroxides is one sequela to exposure to oxygen at high pressure. Reduction in the subintimal lipid deposits and atheromatous plaques in the arteries of individuals being infused intra-arterially with hydrogen peroxide; Procedures used in the extension of the findings including in vitro studies of human aortas incubated with hydrogen peroxide.

1. Physical conditioning would appear to be no protector against atherosclerosis, especially where adverse, genetic, or metabolic factors are present. 2. Aging athletes discovered to have arrhythmias should be examined electrocardiographically at high work loads to differentiate vagal from organic causes of the arrhythmias. 3. Lifetime conditioned athletes have markedly increased heart voltage as manifested by high R-waves in their electrocardiographic complexes. 4. T-wave and J-wave increases with exercises appear to be normal physiological phenomena. 5. On unrestricted diets, this special group under study generally revealed elevated triglycerides at all age levels, and elevated cholesterol and triglyceride values above 60 years of age, suggesting different dietary habits than the general population. 6. Some of these athletes perform very well at high work loads in spite of the presence of advanced ischemic heart disease, often even better at higher work loads than lower loads, suggesting a reserve of collateral circulation acting at maximum effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The literature relating to the lipid biosynthetic mechanisms found in the arterial wall, the composition of the lipids and control mechanisms that determine rates of biosynthesis and lipid movement into and out of the blood vessel wall is reviewed. The data derived from this review are related to pathologic findings in man, subhuman primates and other animals. The conclusion is drawn that the primary factor leading to the atherosclerotic process is unknown, but is resident in the wall of the artery. It is further concluded that hypercholesterolemia and factors inducing it are of signiflcance in determining the rate and degree of atherosclerotic change but could not alone precipitate the onset of the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rational approach to the therapy in atherosclerosis has been explained. It is based on analysis of serum lipids and lipoprotein electrophoretic patterns. One can then base therapy on the knowledge that a patient has (1) mixed elevations of lipids due to triglyceride and cholesterol (treated with low carbohydrate, low fat diet supplemented with vegetable oils as well as the various anticholesterol drugs), (2) hyperglyceridemia (treated with carbohydrate restriction and saturated fat reduction with supplementation of vegetable oils and intermittent parenteral heparin injections), (3) normal lipids but abnormal lipoprotein electrophoretic pattern (treated with heparin or estrogens), (4) hypereholesterolemia (treated with low fat diets supplemented with vegetable oils, along with various anticholesterol medications) or (5) elevated lipids with a normal electrophoretic pattern (treated like (1)). Certainly this type of approach is based on more scientific fact than is the indiscriminate use of diet and medication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the correlation of blood lipid levels in the incidence and degree of coronary sclerosis. Cause of coronary sclerosis; Symptoms; Relevance of the capacity of serum cholesterol in influencing the intake of saturated and unsaturated of the body in the correlation of blood lipids in coronary sclerosis.

Chemical determination of total catecholamines and bioassay of epinephrine and norepinephrine, respectively, in the aorta, renal arteries and vena cava inferior of the dog revealed the presence of relatively high concentrations of these compounds in vascular tissue. The catecholamine content of the vena cava inferior above the entry of the adrenal veins was about twice as high as that of the distal portion which is not contaminated by blood from the adrenal medulla. Intravenous infusion of epinephrine within the physiologic range caused irregular augmentations of the total vascular catecholamine content. Intraperitoneal injection of massive doses of both epinephrine and norepinephrine was followed by large increases of the catecholamine concentration in vascular tissue, both colorimetrically and by bioassay. When oxygenated Ringer solution or heparinized blood with added epinephrine was circulated through the lumen of isolated aortas in vitro, considerable amounts of epinephrine disappeared from the perfusatea, apparently due to absorption by the aortic tissue. However, only fractions of that epinephrine deficit could be recovered from the aortic wall. Tissue norepinephrine was simultaneously augmented (demethylated deposited epinephrine?.) It is concluded that vascular tissue (in analogy to that of the heart muscle) avidly absorbs epinephrine and norepinephrine from the circulating blood and metabolizes them rapidly whereby a certain amount of pharmacodynamically inactive catechol derivatives accumulate temporarily. Only after administration of massive doses of epineplirine and norepinephrine does their apparent breakdown lag behind the speed of absorption, and large quantities can be demonstrated in the tissue. The presumable significance of local catecholamine action and turnover in vascular tissue for the process of atherogenesis is briefly reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses concepts in diagnosis and therapy advantages of alternate day steroid regimen to treat nephrotic syndrome in childhood. The clinical features of proteinuria, hypoproteinemia, hyperlipemia and generalized edema in nephrosis are all secondary to the leakage of albumin through the glomerulus. In lipoid nephrosis of childhood, the lesions are confined to thickening of the basement membrane. Therapy in lipoid nephrosis may be divided into six areas, namely general supportive measures, steroid therapy, diuretics, antibiotics, antihypertensive medications and immunosuppressive agents. Experience with purine antagonists is limited and only a few well-documented studies have appeared.

Calvaria from new-born rats were incubated with 14C-acetate in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate or phosphate buffer of varying pH to study lipid synthesis. Lipid radioactivity was always greater in bones incubated in phosphate buffer. No optimum pH value was observed between pH 6.5 and 7.5. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the amount of cholesterol found in enamel and the total lipide content of both enamel and dentin. The authors explain how the dentin and the enamel were prepared as well as how they were able to isolate the cholesterol from the dentin. A table is also provided to summarize the measurements regarding enamel and dentin.

1. A standardized method is described for determining the lipemia-clearing activity of sublingually administered heparin in experimental animals. 2. Sublingual administration of heparin potassium produces an eightfold increase in plasma lipemia-clearing activity, essentially equivalent to that produced when the drug is given intravenously. 3. The activation of clearing factor upon sublingual administration occurred without alterations in clotting time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents abstracts of articles presented at a meeting of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) held at the School of Oral and Dental Surgery at Columbia University on June 4, 1951, including "The Lipids of Dental Tissues: A Preliminary Study," by Basil C. Soyenkoff, Bernard K. Friedman, and Margaret Newton, "The Role of the Cation in the Sodium Chloride Activation of Salivary Amylase," by Leon H. Schneyer, and "Acid Retention in Gold Castings: A Preliminary Report," by Chester J. Henschel.

The article discusses a study on the biochemistry of rat palates in rats with cleft palates and normal palates. Lipid composition of the palates was studied in fetal rats. It was found that cleft palates have a higher level of diglicerides and cholesteryl esters, while having a lower level of free fatty acids, phospholipids, and monoglycerides.

The article focuses on pathologic and chemical changes of blood vessels as a result of aging. It states that a large number of deaths from cardiovascular disease can be attributed to atherosclerosis of the coronary arteries. It comments on changes in calcium and magnesium content of arteries as they age, along with increases in collagen and total lipid content.

The purpose of this research was to provide further information concerning the presence of lipids in the keratohyalin granules of human oral mucosa. Gingival biopsy samples were taken from men and women ranging in age from four to 67 years old. The biopsy specimens were frozen as soon as they were extracted.