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This section presents commentaries on the articles The Decline and Fall of Social Class, by Robert A. Nisbet and Recovery of Class Theory, by Rudolf Heberle. According to Bernard Barber of Barnard College, the authors of both articles are agreed that social stratification theory is in need of improvement. He is of the same mind. He agrees strongly with many of their strictures on current theories of social stratification. But he cannot quite accept the solutions they offer for the difficulties. Nisbet seems to recommend the abandonment of the notion of social class for modern society in the U.S., that is what the title of his article suggests. Yet after an excellent critique of current stratification theories, Nisbet cannot go the whole way in abandoning what they are struggling to understand. However, Otis Dudley Duncan from the University of Chicago said that the two articles under discussion do their bit toward the removal of ethnocentric bias in the analysis of stratification, both are explicitly written in a comparative framework. However, one could wish that both authors had been a little more obsessed with method. He is convinced that the issue as between the two papers cannot be resolved on the conceptual level, but requires the explicit acceptance of a common set of methodological criteria for identifying classes and for establishing the determinants, concomitants and consequences of class stratification.

Throughout this paper a certain view of theology is assumed, and it seems desirable therefore to begin by an endeavor to state it clearly in a way, which it is hoped, will meet with very general agreement. It does not claim to be a complete view, but it endeavors to bring forward that aspect of theology, which makes a closer union between theologians and sociologists possible and indeed urgent. And in the first place it should be mentioned that by theology is meant Christian doctrine, any other religious philosophy being differently named. Theology, then, is taken to be! in the first place an interpretation of life by its highest and fullest perfection, unified as God. Theology postulates Christ as the perpetual image of God manifested in the world, but realized in fullness in "The Son of Man." In this way people have a working conception of the nature of God. This divine humanity summed up in Christ, is further exemplified by certain persons called the saints, more or less approximating to the ideal type. All Christians are "called to be saints."

The article discusses the historical differences which have characterized the pulp and paper industry and the stevedoring industry on the Pacific Coast from 1934 to 1948. The International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers and the International Brotherhood of Paper Makers represented workers in the pulp and paper industry. The two unions negotiate jointly with the Pacific Coast Association of Pulp and Paper Manufacturers in a meeting which usually is held annually. The differences in the nature of the two industries and what they have contributed to the record of peace in the one instance and of conflict and warfare in the other are considered in the article.

The article presents a study which examined the use of paper partition chromatography to determine the free amino acid content of saliva. Amino acids proven to be present in saliva include cystine, leucine, proline, and histidine. Results indicate that thirteen free amino acids can be identified in saliva using paper partition chromatography.

The article comments on sociologist Jerome Rabow's article "Displacement of Goals in Applied Social Science." The "Woodlake" program to which professor Rabow refers is a pseudonym for a community program which, for the first three years of its existence, was run under my direction as the Silverlake Experiment. Professor Rabow's failure to mention both the research and publications that have been made on the Experiment may be due to his efforts to preserve the anonymity of the study and thus spare it any embarrassment. However, since the identity of programs tends to come out anyway, it may have been preferable to have dealt candidly with these matters. There are a number of substantive issues that merit consideration, the first of which was Professor Rabow's concern that Silverlake was an unfaithful replication of Provo. In noting this fact he was quite correct, but for far different reasons than he suggests.

The article focuses on irreducability of social change. The essence of the modern theory of biological evolution lies, as Stebbins J. Gould makes clear, not in vistas of stages, unilinear or multilinear, proceeding from primitive and simple to modem and complex types. The real essence of evolution lies in what the theory has to say about the mechanism of change: specifically, about the processes of genetic variation and natural selection. Common ignorance of the real nature of both processes on the part of social scientists is the basis of their frequent supposition that they are in fact dealing with "variations" and "selection" in their studies of kinship, class, tribe, or nation. modern icience But this is their business. The danger in any case does not come from the occasional Stebbins. There are three central ways in which the differences between biological evolutionary change and social change are manifest: the type of data the two disciplines work with; the altogether different role of time in each; and the relation between process and event.

The article describe the shop steward-training program of the International Brotherhood of Pulp, Sulphite and Paper Mill Workers which is operated jointly with the International Brotherhood of Paper Makers. Due to the emergence of trade unionism throughout the U.S. industry, new needs and new jobs were created for international unions. The objective of the training of union stewards in the pulp and paper industry is to stimulate activity among the men and women who represent the local union. The activity will depends upon the local union and the location of the community.

The authors' purpose for initiating an investigation of salivary electropherograms was to establish a routine procedure under standardized operational conditions. Patterns of parotid saliva from people under controlled stimulation may then be compared and evaluated. It is also the goal of this paper to standardize the operational factors of paper electrophoresis with a diagnostic laboratory instrument.

The article describes a technique for examining the components of parotid saliva with paper electrophoresis and assesses its effectiveness. The conclusion is that paper electrophoresis, which is used in serum analysis and can separate eleven components in parotid saliva, is not a satisfactory method for salivary analysis.

The article presents the author's views on the ideals of Eastern women. There are a considerable number of Western men in whom there is a survival of the Eastern view about women, although they take very good care not to carry the Oriental notion of impersonality and sacrifice into their conception of what is seemly in men. This ideal is not imposed upon women by men, but is the national and eternal ideal of both sexes, It is less obviously ridiculous for an Oriental to assert that women like seclusion, ignorance, and subjection, because when any living creature is accustomed from birth to certain conditions, that creature suffers when transplanted to other conditions. The author firmly believes that he has seen so many women gain joy and hope by the opening of doors: seen dull eyes brighten and sad lips smile to hear words spoken which at last express their inmost and hitherto unfriended thoughts and aspirations and sorrows, The depression of life and energy, of will and genius, that comes from slavery is spiritual murder, and the kind of slavery which is involved in the subjection of one sex to the other is the most penetrating conceivable; for it permeates flesh and spirit. It is life-long, it corrupts the ethical standard of both slave and slave-owner, so that no one yet knows what women can do nor to what heights men can rise.

The article discusses chemical studies related to periodontal disease. Protein putrefaction, associated with periodontal disease, involves amino acids which are researched through the use of paper chromatography. Saliva was collected from patients with periodontal disease and incubated. It was found that many common amino acids were present in all of the saliva but also an unknown that could be aminovaleric acid.

The article presents a study which examined the mechanism of pain found in the dentin and the role of odontoblasts in the pain response. Absorbent paper was applied to exposed dentin to prove that exposed outer apertures of dentinal tubules register pain when in contact with absorbent materials. The mechanical stimulation of pain fibers at the pulpo-dentinal border is discussed.