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The present study clearly indicates the presence of iron deficiency anemia in Turkish children with long standing pica for soil and clay. Most of the patients described had marked growth retardation and a lag in bone age. As explanation, the cations in soil and clay seem to enter into an ion exchange retention reaction with dietary iron, zinc and perhaps other trace metals, resulting in the typical complex of deficiency symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the developments which most clearly may be classified as social and cultural change, taking note of the relative play of volition and the more or less inevitable succession of events. First the author defines the Turkish idea of revolution, then delineate the principal social changes of the past fifteen years, and finally, indicate the success and lag observable in estimating progress by Turkish standards. If one review the history of Turkey for the past twenty years, he will be struck by the impression that the course of events has corresponded to the pattern of social movements. Early in the sixth year, the phonetic adaptation of the Latin alphabet was substituted for the Arabic letters which had been employed for centuries. The next major step, one more closely associated with the nationalistic self-conscious, was the program to returkify the vernacular. The state has not forced women to leave the confines of ignorance, a circumscribed home life, and the anonymity of the veil, but it has insisted that they be given opportunity to make their own escape.