Search

The article presents a speech by the president of the Sociological Society Edward Brabrook, during its annual meeting in London, England. The president addressed few words on the occasion of the annual meeting of the society. He paid tribute to physician J.H. Bridges, one of the most efficient member of the society. The production of three volumes of sociological papers, and of the first volume of quarterly "Sociological Review" were further discussed. In the first volume, published in 1904, V.V. Branford, honorary secretary and founder of the society traced the origin and the use of the word sociology. The twofold method by which the study is to be pursued was broadly defined. In the second volume its relation to the philosophy of history and its relation to ethics were stated, while the third volume fitly closes with the paradox of H.G. Wells, that sociology is not a science. The other sections discussed in the speech were progress report of the "Sociological Review," various meetings of the society in the past, finance, eugenics, civics, education and social economy.

The London Society arranges visits to places of interest in London and Lectures on London problems. It is at the present time publishing a valuable series of papers on "The Transport and Open Space Problem in City Development," while its November issue also Contains an article on the Roman Wall of London, thus well illustrating the combination of forelook and backlook for which the Civic Society stands. To illustrate directions in which useful work might be done by a society such as the one now mentioned allusion may be made to certain subjects brought before it recently. On the one hand, the danger was shown of a fine tree being destroyed by reason of building operations and of an interesting 15th century Manor House perishing through lack of repair and, on the other, attention was drawn in to the nuisances arising from the emission of excessive smoke from steam lorries and the scattering of paper about the streets. "The aim of the Birmingham Society will be always to keep in mind this ideal of a regenerate city. Its members will realise that sweeping schemes of reconstruction cannot suddenly be executed, but they will remember too, that such reconstruction, however slowly it may be achieved, is the only hope of making the city they live in a monument to anything but their carelessness and greed.

The article focuses on the paper on present tendencies in class differentiation by lecturer F.G. D'aeth presented at the meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England. The object of D'aeth's paper was to show that the basis determining class had changed during the past 150 years from that of social position of the family to that of ability of the individual, and that the present class constitution was tending more accurately to represent a grading of ability. Class determination by family and birth which existed 150 years ago had been broken down by three forces: the economic development of society, the education movement, and the formation of the large town. Passage from one class to another was rendered much easier, not only on account of the removal of social barriers but also, partly by the enormous increase, in the number of new posts--thus affording opportunity to hitherto undeveloped forms of ability, and partly by the much greater capacity for expansion within a single occupation--thus affording scope for degree of ability. In view of the importance of ability and its influence in determining the construction of society, it was desirable to study its forms, its distribution in a people, and the laws of its production and transmission.

The article focuses on family life in London, England suburb. The material presented in this paper was collected in the course of a study of an urban general practice made by the Social Medicine Research Unit of the Medical Research Council during 1950-52. It relates to the way of life, and the family and social relationships, of a group of families within that practice, and it is the kind of material that often lies unused in research flies. It also provided a basis for assessing the characteristics of the group; characteristics which cannot be left out of account if any attempt is to be made to understand the factors which influence the behavior of patients in health and illness. The young wife of a man who had recently set up in business on his own volunteered the information that she and her husband could talk about everything and anything together, she thought that modern girls were not afraid of their husbands, as the older generation hat been, and so they could be companions for each other and do things together.

The article presents information on several research papers about immigration in specific geographic areas that appeared in various publications. The paper "Ethnology and the Peace of South Asia," by W. Connor studies the relevance of ethnology for international politics. The article "A Multivariate Analysis of the Internal Migratory Characteristics of the Towns of Hungary," by P. Compton deals with a statistical explanation using regression analysis of migration characteristics. The article "The Distribution and Concentration of Immigrants in London," by J. Doherty analyses the immigrant groups in London, England.

Highlights the 3rd annual meeting of the American College of Angiology and the Harvey Tercenary Congress in London, England. Discussion on the various aspects of vascular disease; Analysis on the advances in areas of angiology; Programs and activities of the Tercenary Congress.

The article provides information on the Department of Social Administration of the London School of Economics and Political Science in England. The research program center attempts to understand social needs as well as understand the services developed to meet those needs. The center regards research as an essential and integral part of their university work and sees research and teaching duties in competition superficially. They allow research as an option for part of the practical work in their diploma course and each year, some of their students have students have chosen to participate in the research of the department.

The article focuses on the lecture "The Future of London Government," delivered by Gilbert Slater on London government's future, during a meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England. The author describes London not as a city but a province with no civic rights. The London County council possesses no general municipal rights, while the corporation of the city, which did possess such rights, governed only one square mile of the whole metropolitan areas, and the powers of the metropolitan borough councils were more restricted than those of an ordinary urban district council. A city council for Greater London was indicated along with the necessity for a considerable degree of local self-government for existing boroughs and districts. True municipal councils for London boroughs were the second desideratum for the reform of London government. The author further proposes that Local Government Board should be abolished, and Ministries of Labour and Public Health constituted. Parliamentary procedure also needed to be raised to the municipal level of efficiency.

This article reports on research programs conducted by the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, London, England. The Institute is a nonprofit organization that was founded in 1921 with the goal of developing the field of occupational psychology in Great Britain. It has received recognition as a research association from the Department of Trade and Industry. The membership of organizations and individuals focus on research, teaching, and advisory work. The research institute's goal is to bridge the gap between theory and practice, so it offers training courses, as well as a journal, research reports and bulletins. The Institute currently has twenty-three research projects in progress which relate to industrial relations, including vocational guidance and career development, personnel selection and appraisal, and industrial safety.

The article focuses on the lecture delivered on racism by G. Chatterton Hill at the meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England.

The article focuses on the lecture "The Obstacles to Eugenics" delivered by C.W. Saloeby during the meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England.

This article offers update on a research program of the London Graduate School of Business Studies Organizational Behavior Research Group as of January 1973. The research work is being conducted by an interdisciplinary team of social scientists that include Derek Pugh, John Child, Roger Mansfield, and Leslie Metcalfe. The research includes comparative studies of organizational phenomena at three analytic levels. These include organizational structure and functions in the environmental context, group composition and interaction, and individual personality and behavior.

The article reports on the London Graduate School of Business Studies' Organizational Behaviour Research Group. The Group developed out of the Industrial Administration Research Unit of the College of Advanced Technology in Birmingham. The research programs focus on the comparative structure and function of organizations. Three interdependent concepts of organizational behavior are organizational structure and functioning in relation to the environment, group composition and interaction, and individual personality and behavior.

This article reports on a conference on the link between the armed forces and society that was held in London, England on September 14-16, 1967, by the sub-committee on Militarism and the Professional Military Man of the International Sociological Association. The scope of the conference included sociological analysis of the military professional and military institutions, the sociology of war and revolution as well as United Nations peace keeping and arms control. There was also a discussion of the professional problems involved in doing research on military institutions and the sociology of war, as well as the actual and potential role of the sociological research in contributing to world peace.

This article presents the preliminary report of the Central Body concerning employment in London, England as of June 1907. The chief of the Labor Colonies are Hollesley and Fambridge. The work at Fambridge consisted of reclaiming the flooded land and repairing the sea-wall, and it lasted from February 1906 to July 1907. The average number of men employed was 150. Hollesley Bay is primarily an agricultural training college, but the men are also trained in building construction and estate repairs. The usual term are 16 weeks, but a few selected men who have shown a special aptitude for country life were kept longer and given a training that would fit them to become small holders, it being then understood by the committee that a suitable scheme for the provision of small holdings for the selected men could be put into operation. Owing to an adverse decision of the Local Government Board, this was found to be impossible. Attempts to secure situations in the country were unsuccessful and some of the men who had become thoroughly discouraged at having the hopes which had been raised in their minds with respect to settlement on the land defeated, returned to town.

The article presents information on events and meetings held related to the field of sociology. The first joint meeting was held in conjunction with the S.E. Union of Scientific Societies, and the Regional Association on April 22, 1921, at the rooms of the Linnean Society, Burlington House, London. Joint meetings with the Regional Association were also held on May 12, 1921 and June 2, 1921. Discussion on "Co-operation in Social Studies" and "Municipal Survey of Sheffield" was done. Also, a meeting on the study of "La Science Sociale" was held on June 29, 1921 where discussion on "Comment la Route crée le Type social" was done. Also, lectures on Civics an Sociology was given during May and early part of June and discussion on "Education in Its Wider Aspects and on its Various Levels," was done on July 12, 14, 19 and 21 respectively. Furthermore, a meeting on June 14, 1921 in the rooms of the Royal Society was held where there was a discussion on "The Non-Co-operation Movement in India."

The article on the London Conference on the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency which will be held on July 24-29, 1960. The event is sponsored by the American Association on Mental Deficiency, Royal Medico-Psychological Association, Royal Society of Medicine, and British Psychological Society, in cooperation with the National Association for Mental Health. The conference was organized in observance of World Mental Health Year and will be held at the British Medical Association's headquarters at Tavistock Square in London, England. It is all open to professional workers in all branches of mental deficiency.

Whilst engaged in research into Pentecostalism in the North of England, and later in London, one became convinced of the need for detailed ethnographic studies of particular Pentecostal sects and their organized events. Although normative values were held in common by many of the congregation, as evidenced by their familiarity with the hymns and choruses, verbal appreciation of the jokes and enjoyment of the sermons, there were elements of uncertainty as to how to behave. This uncertainty was matched with a total acceptance that one looked to the platform for instructions. This was especially noticeable in relation to clapping during choruses. The congregation would never clap enthusiastically unless the platform did so first, and even then there seemed to be no consensus on how hard and loud clapping should be. The community sense-of being with people of similar expectations and shared normative values--was taken for granted by the believers and it was not necessary to know of the biographical background of a person to be sure of his ideological commitment because Pentecostals have various 'recognition signals' whereby they know each other and thus can structure their interaction assured of their common ground.

This article presents abstracts of research studies offered at the Seventeenth Annual Meeting of the British Division of the International Association for Dental Research held at University College in London, England from April 10-11, 1969, including "The Effect of the Cheek and Tongue on the Mesial Migration of Teeth," "Studies on a Skin-Calcifying System," and "Serum Antibodies in Dental Caries."

The article reviews the proceedings for the British Division of the International Association for Dental Research, held at the London Hospital Dental School in Whitechapel, London, England, on April 15-16, 1955. Discussions included the conditions which influence dental caries in children and the electrical resistance of teeth.

Studies the mechanism of vasodilation in the limbs during and after the arrest of circulation by a researcher from London, England. Reasons behind the reddening of the skin of the arm or leg after the removal of the tourniquet; Formulation of hypothesis to explain reactive hyperemia; Time it take for vasodilatation following circulatory arrest to take place.

The article presents the first hand experience of the author about his relation with fellow workers, their attitude to work and to authority and their philosophy of life while working in a factory in London, England. After Graduating at Oxford in August 1933, the author began working in a London factory as a laborer. The author was struck with the kindness of the fellow workers for him their distrust of authority, their sense of fellowship, and their cynicism. The author was put at first in a sort of labor center from which men were lent to any department which required labor. In this way he saw more shops and men, and a greater variety of work, than would have been possible. The author sometimes questioned men of about his own age whether they felt this difference in dignity of work. According to the author, it was hard to say whether they felt there was any dignity in work as such. The author was impressed by the hostility towards authority which is often felt by men in the lower grades of industry.

The article presents information on a study that discusses the ability and educational opportunity in relation to parental occupation. The study attempts to assess the intellectual differences between two contrasted social groups in the English school population, constituted respectively by children educated at the expense of the state (free pupils) and children educated at the expense of their parents (fee-paying pupils). The study aims at the classification of the subjects according to parental occupation and socio-economic status, and compares the educational opportunities enjoyed by the filial generation of different socio-economic groups. This throws some light upon the extent of the educational and thus, in part, of the economic mobility characteristic of various occupational levels in the London population. Differences in the educational status of the filial generation correspond with striking differences in parental occupation. In the group of children educated at the expense of the state 75.6% per cent are the offspring of manual workers, compared with 6.5 per cent in the group educated at the expense of their parents.

This article examines the influence of the child's domestic environment on the incidence of juvenile delinquency in London, England. A very considerable body of evidence exists which indicates that juvenile delinquency is closely associated with abnormal family conditions. The factor of step-parenthood among delinquent home is of particular interest, in view of the psychological consequences which have been ascribed to the influence of step-parents. Kuhn, in her study of step-mothers comes to the exclusion that they lack certain fundamental bonds with their step children, no matter how conscientious they may be. Partly in consequence of the conventional notion of the wicked step-mother, and partly on account of the intrinsic psychological difficulties of the situation, a state of emotional tension often exist between step-mother and step-child, which may explode anti-social conduct in the latter. As regards to illegitimacy, the matter is more obscure. Social workers can often spot an illegitimate child through slight nuances of a derogatory kind in the attitude of either parent towards the child. That attitudes of this sort on the part of the parents are capable of precipitating anti-social conduct in children is vouched for by psychiatric experience with children.

The article provides information on the author's attempt to delimit a civic nucleus for London, England, from a vast surrounding of industrial and residential areas. The map made by the author for the area contains London's main economic, political, social and cultural organs. It has business centers, government offices, parliament, courts of justice, universities, theatres and the specialized quarters of certain classes of representative like governing classes and artists. This map is categorized in three parts. Central London proper is grouped about a Town Center behind the river bend at Charing Cross, which since the Restoration era has been increasingly the center of gravity of London. Eastwards of this lies the original city, now completely relegated to the purposes of commerce and finance. Westwards is an extension or annexe of the central area beyond Westminster, between the river and Hyde Park. The author further details features of each part and explores the possible ways in which the area can further developed.

This article examines the role of bankers in social reconstruction in England. The Bank of England reached its immensity by absorbing and replacing one of the ancient city churches. The style adopted in the architecture of modern banks is an attitude of instinctive reverence on that part of the public towards an honoured institution. The high personages in the public life of the precise role of the banker is perhaps least clearly realized by the popular mind. In order to analyse that role, the inner shrine of the hieratic craft must be discovered. The contrast of magnificence in Lombard Street, as the foregoing compound of temple and palace in London, and meanness in Post Office Court is the same contrast throughout the banking system. The London Clearing House represents the Banks as united for public service, and the temple-palaces of Lombard Street in the region. The customary use of the banker as cashier in both business and private life has gone even further in the U.S. The cheque and clearing system has immensely amplified the role of the banker as social accountant. Functionally the colonial bank differs from the orthodox English type in that, like the German banks, it has gone into the business of financiering. As it worst, financiering means the promotion of speculative enterprise wherever there are greedy investors to be tempted. The success of the financier reside in his skill in effecting the transformation of his potential into actual currency. But for the banker-financier interest was what the public received in return on a secured investment.

This articles discusses several sociological factors that contributed to infant welfare problems. The efficiency of a nation may be taken as a function of quantity and quality of a society. Human beings are constituted psychologically that a certain amount of pressure to live is necessary in order to develop the greatest efficiency. Education is one of the fundamental difficulties in the problem of the large family. The size of families is a contributory cause of the inefficient growth of the child. Incomes of men played an important role in the prosperity throughout their lives. The natural optimism of individuals is usually sufficient to cause them to believe that the chance of a long period of prosperity when they are older. The families under consideration are the poorest in a part of the East End of London in England, where the majority of mothers who are sufficiently advanced to appreciate the opportunity of having their babies examined by a doctor each week. Herein showed the influence of the health of the mothers on a rapidly increasing family in the area. But the main cause in producing the ill-health of the mother is attributed to the effect of the rapidly recurring pregnancies. The fact that the fall in mortality occurs much earlier in the case of the small family than it does in the case of the large family seems to suggest that exhaustion of the mother is a powerful influence. On other aspect of infant welfare, bad housing conditions contributed to the infant mortality rate. Thus, with the large family, it certainly appears that some reason other than housing in influencing the chances of the life of the child.

The article examines the incidence of insanity in Great Britain. A special investigation made by the Royal Commission on the Feeble-minded in England and Wales disclosed the fact that 0.46 per cent, of the total population were mental defectives and were not at present registered; they are therefore almost as numerous as the registered insane. It has been calculated that if the same percentage holds good for the population of London, England with its 4,522,961 inhabitants there would be 20,805 unregistered mental defectives. It is quite possible that while registered insanity has increased markedly during the last twenty years, with the provision of increased accommodation, unregistered insanity has diminished; in fact, it is well known that the village idiots and the lower grade imbeciles--who were at large all over the country--have accumulated by detention in asylums and now help to swell the registered insane. Another important cause of the increase is that collective responsibility has replaced family responsibility; and the humane treatment and improved housing of the insane under the control of the people's representatives, with all the legal penalties attached to any cruelty, have removed the objections the public formerly had to put away an insane relative or friend.

This article provides information on the Children's Care Committees in London, England, in 1909. Since the Education (Provision of Meals) Act of 1906 came into force, these Committees have been appointed by the managers in schools believed to be necessitous and have consisted of one or more managers, and three head teachers and co-opted member experienced in social work. The Act aims at securing, for every child unable by reason of food to take full advantage of the education provided, a meal or meals at school. Comparatively few of the existing Committees so far have risen to their opportunities but enough have done so to show that the work may be where the school meals are so used as to be merely part of a wider treatment and the definite aim in every case is the restoration or creation of a healthy home. The great advantage of this way of administering the Act is that it forces upon the attention of social workers every neglected child school age and gives the opportunity for an attempt at bettering its condition.

This article traces the history and the status of apprenticeship associations in London, England as of July 1912. At present there are twenty apprenticeship and skilled employment committees in London, and all of then are affiliated with the Central Apprenticeship Association. The lack of pecuniary support and apparent want of public interest in the work of apprenticeship associations has not doubt been partly due to the establishment of the Board of Trade Labour Exchanges, to each of which is attached a Juvenile Advisory Committee dealing with boy and girl labor. The first reason for the existence of apprenticeship associations is emphasized rather than diminished by the work of the Juvenile Committees of the Labour Exchanges. It is established even more clearly than before that the system of apprenticeship is not a worn-out custom, but there exists in the more skilled trades in London today a strong feeling in their favor and a distinct demand for apprentices on the part of employers. Among the less skilled trades of the system of apprenticeship has without doubts ceased to exist, but among the more skilled employment, which are every year increasing in number, the demand for apprenticeship shows no sign of abating.