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This article presents abstracts of papers presented at the Thirteenth Annual Meeting of the British Division of the International Association for Dental Research (IADR) held in Leeds, England from April 8-9 1965, including "Observations on the Spread of the Carious Lesion in Enamel with Special Reference to the 'Dark Zone,'" "The Early Carious Lesions in Dentin," and "Immunofluorescent Studies on the Autoimmune Etiology of Pemphigus Vulgaris."

Discusses the establishment of the annual Congress of the History of Religions. Part played by religion in social evolution; Preview of the 1908 congress, which will be held in Oxford, England; Participation of the representatives of British and foreign universities and academies; Topics of papers to be presented; Contact information.

Information about the paper on the conceptions of social justice that was discussed during the 1974 annual conference of the Political Studies Association in Lancaster, England is presented. The paper also offers several principles which should be chosen to govern the distribution of wealth, prestige and other benefits among the members of the society. It emphasizes that arguments over these principles can never be resolved unless a conception of justice is found.

The article presents a speech by the president of the Sociological Society Edward Brabrook, during its annual meeting in London, England. The president addressed few words on the occasion of the annual meeting of the society. He paid tribute to physician J.H. Bridges, one of the most efficient member of the society. The production of three volumes of sociological papers, and of the first volume of quarterly "Sociological Review" were further discussed. In the first volume, published in 1904, V.V. Branford, honorary secretary and founder of the society traced the origin and the use of the word sociology. The twofold method by which the study is to be pursued was broadly defined. In the second volume its relation to the philosophy of history and its relation to ethics were stated, while the third volume fitly closes with the paradox of H.G. Wells, that sociology is not a science. The other sections discussed in the speech were progress report of the "Sociological Review," various meetings of the society in the past, finance, eugenics, civics, education and social economy.

The article focuses on a survey of housing conditions in the urban areas of England and Wales. The survey aimed to assess the general need for urban rehabilitation, to define the areas of worst incidence and to relate the problem to the varying resources of the local authorities concerned. Unfortunately, no comprehensive evidence on the condition of industrial and commercial property exists so that the paper must perforce concentrate on housing alone. However, housing does comprise in area nearly half the urban land use and accounts for a high proportion of the fixed capital investment in the country, 42 per cent in 1953 compared with 31 per cent for other buildings and works. Besides this it has the most immediate impact on human welfare. Since 1801, the stock of housing accommodation has approximately doubled every fifty years. It has been estimated that of the 12.4 million dwellings existing at the time of the 1951 census, nearly 4.7 million, or 38 per cent, were over 60 years old. Of these about 3.25 million were at least 75 years old.

This paper was originally planned as an abstract of the introduction to a book on the coordination of the social sciences. It was written out in its present form as a contribution to the discussions at the conference on the same topic, held at Oxford, England, in October 1922. Unfortunately it arrived just too late for use at the conference; but it was kept in hand. The task of preparing the paper for the printer has not been altogether easy; for the author is now in India, and it has been impossible to consult him on a number of points, some of them important. The author has not hesitated to make slight changes in choice and order of words, and arrangement of matter, where he seemed to see clearly that improvement was possible. In some other respects slight changes have been necessary to meet printing difficulties. The author trusts, however, that the ideas, which the author is earnest to place before his readers, have in no way been obscured by these changes. It is impossible to foretell how far a contribution on such original lines will have authority with the sociologists of to-day.

The London Society arranges visits to places of interest in London and Lectures on London problems. It is at the present time publishing a valuable series of papers on "The Transport and Open Space Problem in City Development," while its November issue also Contains an article on the Roman Wall of London, thus well illustrating the combination of forelook and backlook for which the Civic Society stands. To illustrate directions in which useful work might be done by a society such as the one now mentioned allusion may be made to certain subjects brought before it recently. On the one hand, the danger was shown of a fine tree being destroyed by reason of building operations and of an interesting 15th century Manor House perishing through lack of repair and, on the other, attention was drawn in to the nuisances arising from the emission of excessive smoke from steam lorries and the scattering of paper about the streets. "The aim of the Birmingham Society will be always to keep in mind this ideal of a regenerate city. Its members will realise that sweeping schemes of reconstruction cannot suddenly be executed, but they will remember too, that such reconstruction, however slowly it may be achieved, is the only hope of making the city they live in a monument to anything but their carelessness and greed.

The article focuses on the paper on present tendencies in class differentiation by lecturer F.G. D'aeth presented at the meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England. The object of D'aeth's paper was to show that the basis determining class had changed during the past 150 years from that of social position of the family to that of ability of the individual, and that the present class constitution was tending more accurately to represent a grading of ability. Class determination by family and birth which existed 150 years ago had been broken down by three forces: the economic development of society, the education movement, and the formation of the large town. Passage from one class to another was rendered much easier, not only on account of the removal of social barriers but also, partly by the enormous increase, in the number of new posts--thus affording opportunity to hitherto undeveloped forms of ability, and partly by the much greater capacity for expansion within a single occupation--thus affording scope for degree of ability. In view of the importance of ability and its influence in determining the construction of society, it was desirable to study its forms, its distribution in a people, and the laws of its production and transmission.

The purpose of this paper is two-fold. First, to outline some of the reasons for the relative neglect of sociologists to study or give emphasis in their analyses to transport systems and, in particular, to social interaction in the social conduit of the street. The second aim is to present some of the sociological factors relating to the behavior of different types of road users in the Greater Manchester area. The frame of reference adopted from which the data have been primarily assembled has been that of the city's traffic wardens. More specifically, the analysis will polarise around an examination of the territorial-defence theory of aggression, which has been operationalised quite recently, as an explanation for the violent behavior of motorists on the road and the resulting high incidence of fatalities and serious injuries. The tremendous impact the motor car has had on society and everyday life is self-evident. It has produced its own code of law; its own language; it creates ephemeral, new hierarchies of prestige on the road; and, not least, it has its own collective and privatized, symbolic meanings.

The article focuses on the fact that the sociologists had to face the task of evolving a more adequate theoretical, methodological and conceptual apparatus for the study of problems connected with industrialization processes and their consequences, among them the problem of 'convergence'. Several research studies into this problem have contributed towards refocusing the attention of sociologists on to problems of social dynamics and on to the uses of the comparative method. In England, the problem has been dealt with most explicitly and systematically in a paper by J.H. Goldthorpe. Before turning to a detailed consideration of Goldthorpe's approach it is necessary to discuss several conceptual and methodological issues on the basis of which the authors of this article have been led to disagree with his position. Rather than being seen simply as a survival, a traditional habit with little meaningful relevance to on-going relation- ships, or as a pragmatic device for protecting the body and personal clothing in the work-situation, uniform can be seen to contribute positively to the organisation of relationships within and between groups in a society.

The article presents information related to the drug house representatives. In the winter of 1962-1963, 69 drug house representatives from sixty firms operating in the Liverpool area were interviewed by the Research Team of the University of Liverpool Research Project on Prescribing. The enquiry was conducted as part of a more detailed investigation of the factors prompting general practitioners to prefer the drugs of one firm to those of another. It is the goal of this paper to consider what kinds of people take up the work of a representative. An analysis of data, derived in the main from interviews with 53 individuals only, must of necessity be tentative. Nevertheless, it would appear that in a situation such as this, where as yet no satisfactory system of norms has been evolved to guide representatives in their conduct with doctors, what determines whether they will take a professional rather than a commercial approach is the personal background experience of the men themselves.

This paper is an attempt to understand the causes of the appearance of new features in the strike pattern in the Yorkshire coalfield before and during May 1955. The unofficial strike of mineworkers in Yorkshire, England in May 1955, was remarkable in certain aspects. It surpassed the post-war mining strikes in scale, which made it the largest strike in the whole industry since the General Strike of 1926. It achieved certain victories and concessions were granted before the end of the strike. On the basis of a community study, it is possible to explain some of the characteristics of industrial relations, but it was clear that there were inherent limitations in the static approach of the community study method in a society like our own. In the Yorkshire coalfield, the area covered by the North Eastern Division of the National Coal Board (NSCSB) and by the Yorkshire District of the National Union of Mineworkers (N.U.M.), there are two main concentrations of large collieries. These are in South Yorkshire, principally concentrated round Doncaster and Barnsley, and in West Yorkshire in the area around Wakefield, Pontefract, and Castleford. Many of these contradictory features of the relation between the miners of Ashton and their representatives in the N.U.M. can be explained by reference to one basic conflict. The daily experience at work of the ordinary miner is in all essentials similar to what it was before nationalisation.

The article focuses on family life in London, England suburb. The material presented in this paper was collected in the course of a study of an urban general practice made by the Social Medicine Research Unit of the Medical Research Council during 1950-52. It relates to the way of life, and the family and social relationships, of a group of families within that practice, and it is the kind of material that often lies unused in research flies. It also provided a basis for assessing the characteristics of the group; characteristics which cannot be left out of account if any attempt is to be made to understand the factors which influence the behavior of patients in health and illness. The young wife of a man who had recently set up in business on his own volunteered the information that she and her husband could talk about everything and anything together, she thought that modern girls were not afraid of their husbands, as the older generation hat been, and so they could be companions for each other and do things together.

The article presents information on several research papers about immigration in specific geographic areas that appeared in various publications. The paper "Ethnology and the Peace of South Asia," by W. Connor studies the relevance of ethnology for international politics. The article "A Multivariate Analysis of the Internal Migratory Characteristics of the Towns of Hungary," by P. Compton deals with a statistical explanation using regression analysis of migration characteristics. The article "The Distribution and Concentration of Immigrants in London," by J. Doherty analyses the immigrant groups in London, England.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the growth of Reading, England, more especially its industrial activities, with a view to determine the relative importance of three factors in its development: viz. (1) geographical factors: (2) historical factors: (3) personal initiative. Amongst geographical factors that go to the building up of an industry may be mentioned: (a) a commanding position affecting communication facilities, access to supplies of raw material, and to suitable markets: (b) a background of agricultural wealth, not only for food supply to the workers, but also for imparting economic stability to the area as a whole: (c) an adequate supply of labor at the right price and of the required intelligence: (d) the ability to obtain locally cheap power in any required quantity: (e) the presence within easy reach of abundant supplies of raw material. Reading was not predetermined by nature to be a busy industrial center. Her position, in respect of communications, was too far inside the country, and too much at the mercy of caprice, and financiers.

The article presents a news brief related to research at the University of Warwick SSRC Industrial Relations Research Unit in England, as of July 1, 1972. Topics of ongoing research projects include industrial relations in factories, organizational behavior in labor unions, economic aspects of labor markets, and labor law and legislation in Great Britain.

Highlights the 3rd annual meeting of the American College of Angiology and the Harvey Tercenary Congress in London, England. Discussion on the various aspects of vascular disease; Analysis on the advances in areas of angiology; Programs and activities of the Tercenary Congress.

The article provides information on the Department of Social Administration of the London School of Economics and Political Science in England. The research program center attempts to understand social needs as well as understand the services developed to meet those needs. The center regards research as an essential and integral part of their university work and sees research and teaching duties in competition superficially. They allow research as an option for part of the practical work in their diploma course and each year, some of their students have students have chosen to participate in the research of the department.

This paper examines the proposition advanced by some commentators that divorce petitioning in England and Wales fluctuates in accordance with the changing real value of legal aid. Direct evidence, from divorce figures and details of legal aid provision, is examined and shown not to fit the hypothesis. Indirect evidence drawn from Magistrates' Court proceedings and income provision by the National Assistance Board also fails to support the proposition. It is concluded that the proposition is false, and that increased divorce petitioning reflects more fundamental social changes than amendments to legal aid provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first section of the paper criticizes the concept of inconsistency between status ranks as an explanation of variations in attitudes and behaviour between different groups. The second section argues that the concept of relative deprivation may, if appropriately qualified, prove more useful and suggests a possible application of it to the topic of attitudes towards immigrants. The third section presents some findings from a sample survey carried out in England and Wales in 1962 which furnish a limited test of two proposed hypotheses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this articleis to describe and analyze the characteristics of decision makers in an American and an English city. it has been repeatedly asserted that business men exert predominant influence in community decision making. This is the central hypothesis under test. Two cities with similar economic, demographic, and educational characteristics were selected for research, namely Pacific City in the Pacific Northwest, U.S., and English City in Southwestern England. Business men do exert a predominant influence in community decision making in Pacific City and Southern City. However, in English City the hypothesis is rejected. The key influentials come from a broad representation of the institutional sectors of community life. Two major factors seem to explain much of this difference. The first is the difference in occupational prestige values between the U. S. and England. In contrast to the U. S. the social status of industry in England, and so of its captains is low by comparison with the law, medicine, and the universities.

Considerable interest in social class is shown by recent research in the social sciences in England. This is not a new interest. England has a long history of social surveys, many of which were primarily concerned with the condition of the working class. In this article, a few selected contemporary studies which are among the most important researches now being carried on in England are presented. The Nufield Foundation, in 1946, granted funds to the London School of Economics, to carry on a series of studies in "social selection and differentiation." The object of these researches was to discover the nature of the class structure of the population of England and Wales and to study the movement of individuals within the class structure. Several preliminary studies have been completed. If changes in social class were to be studied in terms of changes in occupation, it was necessary first to make a study of the social standing of the various occupations. This initial work was done by researchers John Hall and Caradog Jones. Thirty occupations were chosen which were representative of the occupational distribution of the population at the last census. The memberships of various professional and labor organizations were used as rankers.

The article focuses on the lecture "The Future of London Government," delivered by Gilbert Slater on London government's future, during a meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England. The author describes London not as a city but a province with no civic rights. The London County council possesses no general municipal rights, while the corporation of the city, which did possess such rights, governed only one square mile of the whole metropolitan areas, and the powers of the metropolitan borough councils were more restricted than those of an ordinary urban district council. A city council for Greater London was indicated along with the necessity for a considerable degree of local self-government for existing boroughs and districts. True municipal councils for London boroughs were the second desideratum for the reform of London government. The author further proposes that Local Government Board should be abolished, and Ministries of Labour and Public Health constituted. Parliamentary procedure also needed to be raised to the municipal level of efficiency.

This article reports on research programs conducted by the National Institute of Industrial Psychology, London, England. The Institute is a nonprofit organization that was founded in 1921 with the goal of developing the field of occupational psychology in Great Britain. It has received recognition as a research association from the Department of Trade and Industry. The membership of organizations and individuals focus on research, teaching, and advisory work. The research institute's goal is to bridge the gap between theory and practice, so it offers training courses, as well as a journal, research reports and bulletins. The Institute currently has twenty-three research projects in progress which relate to industrial relations, including vocational guidance and career development, personnel selection and appraisal, and industrial safety.

This article examines the job-finding methods used by unemployed and layed-off workers in Great Britain during the late 1960s. Formal and informal job search methods are described, and their efficacy in locating work is compared. The article discusses the impact of economic conditions and labor market demand on individual job hunting. A worker's age is described as an influence on the outcome of job searches among the unemployed. A profile of employment opportunities after unemployment is provided.

The article discusses the history and development of management-labor committees. In England, The Whitley Councils were founded for negotiation of wages, hours and working conditions. Following the World war I in Germany, work councils were organized by the Weimar Republic to address the demand and grievances of workers. In 1945, labor-management committees in France were established aimed to promote cooperation between workers and management. Meanwhile, work committees were created in Austria in 1947. In Mexico, the Labor Industry Pact was approved in April 7, 1945 by the Mexican Confederation of Industrial Chambers.

The article focuses on the lecture delivered on racism by G. Chatterton Hill at the meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England.

The article focuses on the lecture "The Obstacles to Eugenics" delivered by C.W. Saloeby during the meeting of the Sociological Society in London, England.

This article offers update on a research program of the London Graduate School of Business Studies Organizational Behavior Research Group as of January 1973. The research work is being conducted by an interdisciplinary team of social scientists that include Derek Pugh, John Child, Roger Mansfield, and Leslie Metcalfe. The research includes comparative studies of organizational phenomena at three analytic levels. These include organizational structure and functions in the environmental context, group composition and interaction, and individual personality and behavior.

The article reports on the London Graduate School of Business Studies' Organizational Behaviour Research Group. The Group developed out of the Industrial Administration Research Unit of the College of Advanced Technology in Birmingham. The research programs focus on the comparative structure and function of organizations. Three interdependent concepts of organizational behavior are organizational structure and functioning in relation to the environment, group composition and interaction, and individual personality and behavior.

This article reports on a conference on the link between the armed forces and society that was held in London, England on September 14-16, 1967, by the sub-committee on Militarism and the Professional Military Man of the International Sociological Association. The scope of the conference included sociological analysis of the military professional and military institutions, the sociology of war and revolution as well as United Nations peace keeping and arms control. There was also a discussion of the professional problems involved in doing research on military institutions and the sociology of war, as well as the actual and potential role of the sociological research in contributing to world peace.

This article presents the preliminary report of the Central Body concerning employment in London, England as of June 1907. The chief of the Labor Colonies are Hollesley and Fambridge. The work at Fambridge consisted of reclaiming the flooded land and repairing the sea-wall, and it lasted from February 1906 to July 1907. The average number of men employed was 150. Hollesley Bay is primarily an agricultural training college, but the men are also trained in building construction and estate repairs. The usual term are 16 weeks, but a few selected men who have shown a special aptitude for country life were kept longer and given a training that would fit them to become small holders, it being then understood by the committee that a suitable scheme for the provision of small holdings for the selected men could be put into operation. Owing to an adverse decision of the Local Government Board, this was found to be impossible. Attempts to secure situations in the country were unsuccessful and some of the men who had become thoroughly discouraged at having the hopes which had been raised in their minds with respect to settlement on the land defeated, returned to town.

The article presents information on the book "Regionalism," vol. 2, "Its Nature and Purpose 1905-1965," and vol. 3, "The New Regional Machinery," by Brian C. Smith. These are brief but useful and lucid guides to the development of regionalism in England, illustrated with good simple maps and accompanied by useful tables and bibliographies.

The article presents information on a week-end conference on the problems arising from"The Teaching of Personality Development to Students of Education and Social Work," that is scheduled to be held during March 28-30, 1958 at the University of North Staffordshire, Staffordshire, England.

The article provides some insights into the publishing of the journal The Sociological Review by the Institute of Sociology for nearly fifty years. However, the Institute's resources are insufficient to carry the burden of publishing the Review and its connection with The Sociological Review, ceased with the completion of the issues for 1951 and 1952. From 1953, The Sociological Review was published by the University College of North Staffordshire, England wherein, the provisional Editorial Board was composed of the Professors in the Social Sciences and allied subjects at the University College of North Staffordshire. The article acknowledges the contributions made by past editors of The Sociological Review, and their services to social science in England.

The article presents information on events and meetings held related to the field of sociology. The first joint meeting was held in conjunction with the S.E. Union of Scientific Societies, and the Regional Association on April 22, 1921, at the rooms of the Linnean Society, Burlington House, London. Joint meetings with the Regional Association were also held on May 12, 1921 and June 2, 1921. Discussion on "Co-operation in Social Studies" and "Municipal Survey of Sheffield" was done. Also, a meeting on the study of "La Science Sociale" was held on June 29, 1921 where discussion on "Comment la Route crée le Type social" was done. Also, lectures on Civics an Sociology was given during May and early part of June and discussion on "Education in Its Wider Aspects and on its Various Levels," was done on July 12, 14, 19 and 21 respectively. Furthermore, a meeting on June 14, 1921 in the rooms of the Royal Society was held where there was a discussion on "The Non-Co-operation Movement in India."

The article on the London Conference on the Scientific Study of Mental Deficiency which will be held on July 24-29, 1960. The event is sponsored by the American Association on Mental Deficiency, Royal Medico-Psychological Association, Royal Society of Medicine, and British Psychological Society, in cooperation with the National Association for Mental Health. The conference was organized in observance of World Mental Health Year and will be held at the British Medical Association's headquarters at Tavistock Square in London, England. It is all open to professional workers in all branches of mental deficiency.

The article discusses the health of children through an analysis of the 1971 General Household Survey in Great Britain. Emphasis is given to topics such as the consulting of a general practitioner for conditions such as bronchitis and upper respiratory infections, the association between age of sick children and degree of consultation, and home visits for working class families.

Duncan's model of status attainment in the U.S. used as a point of comparison for analyzing the process of educational attainment, using several American and English data sets. The overall amount of father-to-son mobility is very similar in the two countries, and so are the relative contributions of social origin and ability to the son's attainment. Although the two educational systems differ greatly, their division of pupils into academic and non-academic segments reflects almost identically the effects of social origin and ability. These findings are interpreted in relation to Lipset's analysis of the two countries' value systems and Turner's contrast between "sponsored" and "contest" mobility patterns. To a great degree, the two countries appear to use quite different mechanisms to bring about the same outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Whilst engaged in research into Pentecostalism in the North of England, and later in London, one became convinced of the need for detailed ethnographic studies of particular Pentecostal sects and their organized events. Although normative values were held in common by many of the congregation, as evidenced by their familiarity with the hymns and choruses, verbal appreciation of the jokes and enjoyment of the sermons, there were elements of uncertainty as to how to behave. This uncertainty was matched with a total acceptance that one looked to the platform for instructions. This was especially noticeable in relation to clapping during choruses. The congregation would never clap enthusiastically unless the platform did so first, and even then there seemed to be no consensus on how hard and loud clapping should be. The community sense-of being with people of similar expectations and shared normative values--was taken for granted by the believers and it was not necessary to know of the biographical background of a person to be sure of his ideological commitment because Pentecostals have various 'recognition signals' whereby they know each other and thus can structure their interaction assured of their common ground.

The article presents information on universities in England. It is the suggestion of the article that the most recent non-technological new universities have certain unity in their academic and physical design, stemming from an ideology of higher education, which represents a modern re-interpretation and resurgence of the historical English idea. They constitute a restatement of English higher education's connection with the medieval university, but are in fact closest in spirit, structure and function to the 18th and 19th century Oxbridge development from that original. The article also focuses on two major branches of evolution in university education stemming from this period, which constitute different modes of adaptation to the modern environment, and its demands in England. Sociological divisions, typologies, or classificatory schemes depend for their success on a more explicit, complete definition and isolation of the variables considered relevant and being manipulated in the analysis, than either of the aforementioned.

The article focuses on a number of research studies which suggested that technologists in England enjoy an ambiguous social status, that university students of technology feel themselves socially and even intellectually inferior to arts students, and expect to occupy less important and powerful positions in the nation's life. It also reports an attempt to measure and compare the aspirations of science, technology and arts students entering a new technological university, and to relate the levels to previous educational attainment and social class background. Technologists appear to be recruited more often than arts men from lower social levels, they tend to have had less distinguished academic records at school and when established in their careers, they are uncertain of their social and professional status. The student of technology in the former colleges of advanced technology is more often of working class origin than the university technologist, and is particularly modest in his social and occupational aspirations. Previous studies in this area have been impressionistic, without any serious attempt to measure levels of aspiration among different groups of students.

This article focuses on a research related to industrial sociology conducted at the Department of Social Science, University of Liverpool in England. Two main considerations have influenced the Department's choice of problems for research. Firstly, the conviction that research should both develop basic knowledge of industrial institutions and behaviour and make possible a more immediate contribution to the development of industrial and social policy. Concentrating research on the organisation, and where necessary on relations between organisations, is perhaps more open to criticism, even where, as in the Liverpool case, there is an explicit attempt to take into account the main characteristics of the wider society, and to relate findings to those of macrocosmic and microcosmic researches. One outstanding feature of the Liverpool analyses of industrial situations is that they are explicitly and unashamedly sociological. The Liverpool reports have been presented in a very competent and professional manner. Throughout there is careful attention to detail and considerable sophistication in the handling of quantitative data.

The article focuses on the fact that the steel industry in the northeastern part of England has a widespread reputation for maturity in the conduct of its industrial relations. The employers are constituent members of the Iron and Steel Trades Employers' Association. The industry is, of course, highly unionized. The author of this article will briefly outline the main bargaining units with which the employers have to negotiate. The basic distinction to be drawn is between production and maintenance workers. During the 1958-1963 period, it was the pincer effect of technical change and recession on the work situation that gave rise to the distinctive character of plant bargaining in the industry.

The article presents information related to kinship and occupational succession in mid-nineteenth century England. The author discusses whether there were "definable descent groups" in mid-nineteenth century England. Marriage was one mechanism used among certain families of the upper middle-classes in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to maintain and reinforce kin and affinal connections with other patrinominal families. The occupational patrinominal kin nucleus was another. The research data reveals that while the maternal kin played an important role in the life of any individual as they do in most societies, the important structural principle was patrinominal and it was with the patrinominal family that the individual identified himself. Women after marriage still retained dose ties with their patrinominal family owing to the system of marriage settlements, trusts and jointures. Ties with the female patrinominal families were preserved by means of family names, but these again, after the first generation from the original alliance, were usually transmitted through the paternal line and trusts created on behalf of daughters generally expired with their issue. Some families in both professions and commerce tended to form occupational patrinominal kin nuclei some of which appear to have been exclusive in the sense that non-patrinominal kin and non-kin were excluded.

The article investigates various aspects of university selection and performance. Many characteristics of students were studied by using psychological tests, but information was also sought about family background, previous history, interests, objectives and so on. Most of the data were obtained from students in the University of Sheffield, England. Moreover, it was found that some 11 percent of students approached in their final year at school claimed to have experienced study difficulties. Since study difficulties are associated with membership of the less favoured social classes the first possibility is that study difficulties are indicative of working-class membership, and that it is this that is really associated with the tendency to achieve poor results in the university. However, in contrast with the findings on study difficulties themselves, data from Sheffield provided no evidence at all of differences in attainment that might be associated with social class membership as such. Of the males who started their medical education immediately after leaving school, about 88 percent of those who gained any qualification at all, achieved a full degree, rather than just a licentiate. For those who did national service before entering, the proportion was only 73 percent.

The article focuses on activities conducted by researchers at the Department of Social Science in the University of Nottingham, England as of 1963. Its research activities have been dictated mainly by the availability of outside research funds. Its essential aim has been to develop a consciousness of the need for and the value of empirical research and the contribution, which it makes not only to solving problems but also to the improvement of undergraduate teaching. The main projects, financed by outside bodies, in which researchers have been engaged during the past few years, are firstly, a study of housing. The second major project in which researchers have been engaged for the past four years is in the field of criminology. The third major project is into the problem of recruitment to the nursing profession. The department welcomes the opportunity to carry out specific research projects on behalf of other bodies partly because its research experience is enlarged and its contacts with sources of data considerably widened. The department also performs a public duty and can be useful to the community.

The article focuses on the trends seen in population and housing in England and Wales, from 1801 to 1961. During the 19th century the population of England and Wales grew rapidly. Up to the mid-century, the number of families increased more rapidly. In the later 19th century, when the rates of population growth slackened, the increase in family units was roughly parallel with that in population and remained so down to the First World War. In aggregate the rate of building in Victorian and Edwardian England was above that of either population or family growth. The article will show why despite a century of rapid building, there was still a housing shortage in England and Wales to which, in many areas, must be added the increasing burden of slums. Regionally, acute problems arising from the need to replace out-of-date property existed while, at the same time, the demand for dwellings were growing far ahead of population. It posed severe problems not only in areas of rapid increase of population but even in areas of stagnation or decline.

The article attempts to study the assimilation of strangers into an established group, under controlled field conditions and also illustrates the uses and limitations of social survey techniques in studying changes in a fairly small group. It describes briefly the research design of the Berinsfield Social Survey in England, and then discusses the results. The researchers planned to compare social changes in an experimental and a control group, when rehousing took place. Assimilation has been defined and studied in three ways. The first section defines assimilation as the extent to which the strangers' presence is resented by the locals, and vice versa. In the second and third sections, assimilation is considered to be the extent to which differences between locals' and strangers' responses were disappearing. In the fourth section, brief use is made of sociometry and assimilation is defined as the extent to which locals and strangers are distinguishable groups in the sociograms of friendship choices.

The article elucidates the population trends in England since 1851 in general and in the three parishes in the East Riding of Yorkshire, England. The three parishes are Wheldrake, Kilham and Humbleton. They were chosen to represent the range of village and farm sizes present in the county. The broad pattern of population change in the rural parts of England during the past century is well known. However, the details have been less fully analyzed and people rarely know the exact process by which change has been brought about in individual parishes and why trends should vary from parish to parish. For instance, people don't know the degree of closeness in the relationship between the decline in population numbers and the decreased labor requirements on the land; the effect of variations in type of farming on the extent of decline; and, the significance of the relationship between the size of villages and population loss. This relationship between change in number of agricultural workers and change in total population numbers has been simplified by the limitation of the study to these three parishes.