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Supervision of workers in a group has been tried in a variety of ways to achieve a variety of goals. This paper will describe an experiment with group supervision undertaken by the Jewish Family Service of New York several years ago, the focus here is on one of the goals of the experiment, namely, helping the caseworker achieve greater independence and thereby accelerating his professional development. The experiment was an attempt by the agency to do something positive about the complaints of recent years that workers are frequently caught up in a stage of interminable dependency, that other professions move more quickly to independence and the use of consultation than do social workers, and that the close personalized relationship in individual supervision characteristic of social work contributes to infantilizing the worker. The paper will first present the distinctions among the various types of supervision carried on in groups; then, based on experience, some generalizations about the characteristics of this particular supervisory process; finally, four illustrations that will demonstrate various phenomena and how they were handled in the group.

The article examines the transformation of commercial policy in Western economic institutions under the impact of economic nationalism in Southeast Asia. The paper's thesis is that commercial policy in postwar Southeast Asia is intelligible in terms of the economic content of nationalism, rather than in terms of efforts to accelerate economic growth. In the first section, international trade theory is discussed, including ideas about economic policy and processes of economic growth. The author then discusses the assessment of the developmental content of an economic policy. Commercial policy in postwar Southeast Asia is detailed.

This article examines the appropriateness of the eighteenth-century press as a source reflecting the political attitudes of colonial Americans, based on the assumption that content analysis is a useful tool for studying such attitudes. Newspapers are still the most important tools in expressing and shaping public opinion. Although it may be impossible to measure the influence of the colonial newspaper directly, the conclusion that it was an important means of communication in colonial American does not seem unwarranted. Its continuous publication at regular weekly intervals enabled the printers to expose the colonists to a certain body of news and opinion, as well as to certain patterns of symbol usage, over a long period of time. The life span of many newspapers is indirect evidence that the colonists were willing to accept or at least to read the news and opinions offered. Content-analysis research bases the size of samples upon the degree of sensitivity to trends needed for testing a set of hypotheses.

The article presents a paper on Marxist Rosa Luxemburg's analysis of the impact of imperialism on non-capitalist economies or sectors. Luxemburg sets out her own thesis that the surplus value of a dynamic capitalist economy can be realized only by social organizations of a non-capitalist type. To stay alive capitalism invades the non-capitalist world. The boundary between these worlds is conceptual, not geographic, although the two often coincide. The theory of imperialism must attempt to embrace the categories of economics, politics, sociology and social anthropology. This includes the conflict between traditional social relationships, for example in property ownership, and the needs of the metropolitan economy, the character of the satellite State as client to the metropolis, the direct links between the military of the satellite and the metropolis, the manner in which the imperial relation creates new classes in the satellite and how they affect its subsequent development and the role played by the academic servants of imperialism.

The article examines the concept of the Reciprocity Agreement of 1911, which was negotiated by representatives of the Canadian and U.S. governments. The agreement was designed to address the growing insistence of Canadian farmers upon freer access to market in the U.S. and for cheaper agricultural machinery and implements. However, the trade agreement was rejected by the Canadian people on 1911 because it was distorted by considerations of party politics and Imperialism. Other valid objections raised against the arrangement was the reference of the issue to the arbitrament of a general election and the insecurity of its duration.

The colonial policy is bound to assume new aspects since a flew generation of natives has grown up which has been educated in schools by Europeans in ways of thought that are European, and in using devices introduced by Europeans. The word crisis may be understood with the particular implication that inherent in imperialism is the hybris, the overbearing insolence of the dominant stratum, or at least of some of its representatives, which by recoiling automatically and inescapably leads to its nemesis. Such, at least, was the idea prevalent in the Second Annual Conference on World Problems devoted to imperialism and held under the auspices of the Division of Social Sciences of Howard University, Washington D.C. Representatives of Africa, India and China discussed the crisis of imperialism with colored Americans, while white Americans and Europeans were also heard. It was the author's privilege, on this occasion, to present a paper relevant to conditions in East-Africa. From this conference his understanding of the current problems benefited more than from any reading he might has done. What follows will endeavor to balance the contradictory views brought forward. In order to do so people should try to look upon the phenomenon of imperialism and its implications as processes of natural history. This is the only scientific approach. Political propaganda is a thing apart.

In presenting several papers in this issue of the journal "Social Work," reminds anew of the ever widening horizons of practice. This does not mean that rehabilitation is a separate field, still less that it is a new specialization. Rather, skills and insights, sometimes too isolated, sometimes too scattered, are being brought together as well as the new therapeutic processes which are constantly being developed under various auspices. Rehabilitation is the acknowledged goal of family treatment in both public and private welfare efforts. Social services in convalescent centers, sheltered workshops and child welfare backgrounds. No one profession can bring about rehabilitation. Effective programs are multi-discipline. Professional roles will be clarified but what one dares to hope is that social workers will be restrained by no false modesty in contributing their competence in psychosocial treatment to this purpose. The test of parenthood whether the adults can accept the increased frustration and dependency while continuing to support encourage, teach, bring out, and build on latent strengths.

Discusses the water resources in North Africa. Limited resources of irrigation water; Agricultural and administrative policies under which North Africa has prospered roughly similar in all ages; Economic significance of Roman and modern frontiers; Benefits of imperialism.

The article focuses on various aspects of legislation on tariffs that were enacted in the colonial period of the United States. According to the author, there is enough material to show that almost every colony levied imposts, a few of which developed into what may be called tariff systems. The charters of most colonies were quite similar, and permitted much freedom. That of Virginia may be taken as a type of all. It laid a duty of two-and-a-half per cent on all goods imported by British subjects and five per cent on all imported by foreigners. Food, clothing, arms, implements, and other necessaries might be sent from Britain to Virginia free for seven years. The proceeds from the duties were to be applied to the support of the colony for twenty-one years, and were then to revert to the king. The colony was given the privilege of imposing other duties if it thought best to do so. The author confines his discussion to the imposts which were assessed by and with the consent of the free colonists.

This article focuses on the anti-communist imperialism of the U.S. Modern science and industry have made U.S. the most comfortable nation in the world and the strongest, materially. The security of any nation lies not in its material strength alone but in its strength of character, ideals and standards. According to Senator William Benton, the first task of democracy is to launch a world-wide barrage of ideas that will break through barriers and reach people everywhere. The motion-picture industry has been the nearest thing to Senator Benton's conception. Without doubt, Hollywood is one of the greatest developments of the twentieth century. The motion-picture industry has come through two congressional investigations. These investigations proved that some distinguished members of Congress knew very little, unfortunately, about this great industry. It can be concluded that it is fervently hoped that the Senate will turn from some of its minor preoccupations and will debate the constructive program proposed by Benton and secondly, Hollywood will be recognized as the logical capital.

This article discusses the British mentality and tradition, and their views regarding the U.S. and U.S.S.R. since the Second World War. Great Britain is faced with the gravest prospect in remembered history. The U.S. and the Soviet Union have gained in stature since the war; the British Empire and Britain also show many signs of slimming. The British are more private in their opinions than most people. Various polls just before the 1939 war showed 80 percent and upwards are broadly sympathetic to Russia and wishes it to be in active alliance with it. When Russia came into the war, its popularity rose, and in 1943 it reached up to 90 percent bracket. Since the war, there has been a sharp decline of Russian popularity in polls, parallel with the almost unanimous attitude of reserved condemnation adopted by the political and press leaders. The U.S. is becoming increasingly involved in British minds with aspects of Imperialism. Perhaps Britain is more complicated today than it has ever been since the Reformation. The traditional ways and moods naturally and necessarily survive, while some of the things around which those ways and moods were built are crumbling.

Though called a world war, the war of 1914-18 was, largely a European conflict which due to the increasingly intricate inter-relationships of modem life had repercussions far beyond its actual locale. While offering an unmistakable indication that in all spheres of man's activity an event occurring in any part of the world has a greater or lesser effect upon all other parts, that war was yet essentially a provincial war compared to the global conflict in which Alaska and Madagascar, Hunan province and Dakar, the Solomon Islands and the Caucasus, Norway and the Caribbean Sea are locked in the intricate maze of grand strategy. Upon students of history the effect of the earlier conflict was for the most part restricted to a search after causes or origins. The aim varied from that of placing the blame upon one nation or group of nations to the more philosophical effort to relate the already generally accepted concepts of nineteenth century history, industrialism, imperialism, nationalism, democracy, etc., into some pattern such that the inevitable result would appear to be the conflict which followed.

Social welfare's stance toward the Negro, the author states, has been one of philanthropic colonialism, which has two aspects: paternalism predicated on the assumption of cultural underdevelopment and clinical ism founded on a presumption of psychological damage resulting from the Negro's history. The values of cultural pluralism as opposed to the melting pot ideology are pointed out. It is time, the author maintains, to try the "great experiment".-to opt for the desirability of ethnicity, to provide a decent standard of living for minority groups and an opportunity to enter the mainstream while at the same time maintaining their differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]