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THE PREPARATION and preservation of serum samples in the field and the difficulty of obtaining specimens from infants are among the major problems encountered in serologic surveys. In an earlier study (1), we reported the usefulness of a method which surmounted these problems. The technique consisted of collecting a small amount of blood onto filter paper disks, which were then dried and stored until tested. A later report (2) described the successful use of the filter paper disk technique for standard complement fixation (CF) test for adenovirus and the hemagglutination (HAI) test for measles virus. Other laboratories have performed neutralization tests using filter paper disks, but their results were reported as erratic (3) or lacking quantitation (4). This report describes modifications of this technique which lead to the successful neutralization tests for three types of poliovirus.

In an ecological study of the growth of two grasses, blue grama (Bouteloua gracilis) and side-oats grama (Bouteloua curtipendula), it was necessary to make a determination of the carbohydrate reserves. Both a qualitative identification and a quantitative estimation of sugars were needed to find growth and storage trends. Paper chromatography has been utilized in many instances for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of sugars (2, 9) with sufficient reliability and accuracy to be applicable to this study. Because a very large number of procedures are given in the chemical literature, with varying degrees of success reported in separation and identification, several were investigated and the methods which gave results that were reproducible and provided adequate separation were selected for the study and are described in the experimental discussion.

Irradiation of lyophilized ovalbumin with y-rays causes the formation of a wide spectrum of protein molecules in various stages of structural degradation (1). In addition, solutions of the irradiated ovalbumin contain more nonprotein nitrogen than solutions of native protein (2). As part of a series of studies on the nature of radiation-induced fragments, solutions of y-irradiated ovalbumin were studied by means of one-dimensional paper chromatography using four solvent systems: Phenol: water, n-butanol: acetic acid: water, borate buffer: m-cresol: phenol, and lutidine: collidine: diethylamine: water.

Cover, volume and dry weight of the aquatic macrophytes of Portage Creek in Kalamazoo Co., Michigan, were studied. Two series of water analyses 4 years apart were made for the length of the stream. The stream began in an unpopulated, uncultivated area and flowed into an urban area where it received paper mill wastes, after which the aquatic macrophytes were completely absent. The second series of analyses, made 1 year after the cessation of paper mill effluents, showed a tenfold reduction of turbidity in the polluted portion, suggesting that turbidity was the most probable cause for the absence of macrophytes in previous years. The substrate cover by macrophytes in the upstream unpolluted portion was 41%. On the basis of the total plant cover, the two dominant species were Potamogeton pectinatus (44%) and Sparganium americanum (18%). The portion of the water volume occupied by aquatic macrophytes was 0.043%. Four of the 10 species found occupied 82.8% of the total plant volume (Nasturtium officinale, 25.4%; Potamogeton crispus, 22.0%; P. pectinatus, 18.4%; Elodea canadensis, 17.0%). The same four species comprised 83.3% of the dry weight (E. canadensis, 23.7%; P. crispus, 21.8%; N. officinale, 19.9%; P. pectinatus, 18.5%).

In their paper 'Some observations on the relations between H-ion concentration of the soil and plant successsion', Emmett & Ashby (1934) proposed a sampling method for separating the frequency distribution of a species over an area from that of soil acidity over the same area. It is unforttnate that the statistical test used in the analysis of their data was incorrect and consequently the hypothesis that the two species Pteridium aquilinum (L.) Kuhn and Vaccinium myrtillus L. occurred with the same frequency at every pH value within their respective pH ranges was accepted when in fact there is significant evidence to the contrary. We propose to discuss in detail the data which were given in Table 1 of that paper, and are reproduced in Table 1 below.

T HE Commission on Money and Credit has laid its 285-page egg 1 and gone over like a lead balloon -choose your own metaphor with both the economists and the general public. Certain of its administrative suggestions, notably those involving reconstitution of the Federal Reserve System's Board of Governors, have attracted a significant modicum of attention.2 On the substantive side, however, the Commission's main body of work appears already spurlos versen,kt, in unhappy contrast with both the National Monetary Commission of fifty years past, whose influence it was intended to rival, and the Radcliffe Report of I959,3 its closest contemporary transatlantic equivalent. This unhappy fate rather befits a series of attempted least common denominators between unreconciled and possibly unreconcilable special interests, which turned out to be meaningless verbal compromises as often as anything more. Indeed, the least uninteresting feature of the report to this reader was the triangular running battle between the predominantly "sound finance," "don't rock the boat" position of its text and the two accompanying sets of mutually contradictory footnote dissents. Set i, contributed primarily by the "labor bloc" (Lubin, Nathan, Rieve, Ruttenberg, and Thorp, with Ruttenberg the principal spokesman), stands for guaranteed full employment and a 5 per cent annual growth rate, at any cost in direct controls over everyone but organized labor, and over everything but wages. Set 2, contributed by a mixed bag of business, finance, and agricultural4 spokesmen (Black, Lazarus, Miller, Schwulst, Shuman, Thomson, and Yntema) stands for Free Enterprise in the economic aggregates -McKinley minus the gold standard.5 Rather than aim a supernumerary nail at the Commission's coffin, I propose to examine a biased sample of the professional papers submitted for the Commission's use, and to all appearances neglected by the Commission in favor of cliches and weasel words masquerading as common sense.6 The papers are to an econo

Five new species of the genus Pompilinus and one each in the genera Anopompilinus and Pycnopompilus and two in the genus Anop!ils have 'been found in several lots of spider-wasps which have been received for study since the three papers (Dreisbach, 1949a, 1949b, 1950) on tlhese genera were written. The descriptions of these species follow. In the paper on the Genus Pomnpilinus (Dreisbach 1949a) the photomicrographs of the male genitalia of P. texanus were omitted and the genitalia listed, as this species was a second photo of P. rectangularis Dreisbach. The photo of the last ventrite as given there is correct. The photo of P. texanus Dreis. is given in the plates as fig. 13. In the paper on Anopompilinus (Dreisbach, 1949b) the photomicrograph of the genitalia cf A. parvulus Banks was very poor and there was no photo of the last ventrite. A better specimen of the genitalia is shown in fig. 11, and a photo of the last ventrite is shown in fig. 12. In the paper on Pycnopompi!us (Dreisbach, 1950) there was no photo of the last ventrite of P. eureka (Banks) and that is shown in fig. 21. Also the fig. 41 in the 1950 paper was the last ventrite of P. scelestus (not that of P. lasiope as named). Fig. 20 shows the last ventrite of P. lasiope. In the 1949b reference the names for the cubital and sub-discoidal veins were interchanged in the figures.

Subsequent writers have very generally overlooked an important paper by A. L. Montandon published in 1910. Its one new species has not been noticed in the Zoological Record; no references to it occur in Van Duzee's Catalogue (1917); and the only citation to it I have seen was by Jaczewski (1934) under Ochterus marginatus. It is entitled "Quelques types d'Hemipteres de Guerin-Meneville des Collections du Musee Zoologique de l'Universite de Naples", and appeared in the Annuario del Museo Zoologico della R. Universita di Napoli (Nuova Serie), Vol. 3, No. 10, pp. 1-4, February 21, 1910. I am indebted to the Librarian of the Museum of Comparative Zoology of Harvard University for the information that this is the correct pagination and not merely the pagination of a reprint. In this paper Montandon reported his studies on the Guerin types of cryptocerate Hemiptera in the Naples Museum. Some older synonymy was confirmed; some new synonymy was stated; and Getastocoris major n. sp., was described on page 2 to replace G. flavus (nec Guerin) as formerly misidentified both by Montandon and by Champion. I may add here that we must place Gelastocoris andinus Melin 1928 as a new synonym of G. major Mont., since it too was proposed to replace G. flavus Champ. 1901 nec Guerin. Certain of the synonymy proposed by Montandon in 1910 is quite different from that found in the writings of more recent authors who have not had the benefit of examining Guerin's types. It seems desirable, therefore, to give the following resume of this paper. In this abstract new synonymy stated in the 1910 paper is indicated by asterisks (*); and any comments I have added are inclosed in square brackets.

During 1915, there were published in Rhodora four papers of especial interest to members of the American Fern Society. The papers were written by Prof. Fernald in connection with his study of the flora of New England and northeastern North America, and contain changes in the naming of some well known species. The first paper1 deals with the North American representatives of Dryopteris spinulosa var. dilatata. On the basis of the pale scales of the American form called var. dilatata, together with the glandless indusia, and other facts, the conclusion is drawn that the so-called dilatata of eastern North America should be considered as

A grain bait treated with an anticoagulant rodenticide (Prolin) and attached by an edible glue to the inside of water repellent paper tubes was tested for the control of meadow mice (Microtus pennsylvanicus) at Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, during fall, winter, and spring, 1964-65. In the laboratory, seven of eight mice that could choose other food ate an average of 9.7 g of Prolin-treated bait in 10 days and survived from 4-10 days. Eight mice given no choice ate an average of 8.2 g of bait and survived from 3-7 days. When eight mice were placed in baited caged areas around apple trees all activity ceased in 5 days. In orchard plot tests all trees escaped mouse damage in an area baited for 2 months. In an area baited 18 days, 11 percent of trees were damaged, compared to 39 percent in the unbaited control area. This study was conducted to determine the feasibility and effectiveness of using 5x 1?-inch water repellent paper tubes with an inner lining of bait treated with the anticoagulant rodenticide Prolin (0.05 percent warfarin and 0.05 percent sulfaquinoxaline) to control meadow mice in Wisconsin apple orchards. Wisconsin orchardists estimate they lose an average of 2 percent of their trees to meadow mouse injury each year. In some years entire new plantings of young apple trees are girdled by meadow mice during the winter. Grain or cut apple baits with zinc phosphide and strychnine, or endrin ground sprays have been used in recent years to combat meadow mice. According to the literature, these methods have shown varying degrees of success, but with questionable safety to wildlife populations (Garl ugh and Spencer 1944, Eadie 1950, Horsfall 1951:13, Spencer 1959:25, Mohr 1959, Fitzwater 1961, Wolfe and Durham 1963). This content downloaded from 157.55.39.243 on Thu, 06 Oct 2016 04:44:32 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms RODENTICIDE FOR MEADOW MICE Libby and Abrams 513 Although the anticoagulants have been effective and have achieved a commendable record of safety in commensal rat and mouse control, they have not been used to control meadow mice outdoors. Because a single feeding of anticoagulant rodenticides is rarely lethal to mice, the use of such baits outdoors would require that the bait be applied repeatedly or that protected bait stations be set up and maintained to keep the bait fresh and palatable throughout the baiting period. To establish and service such stations has been considered impracticable in commercial orchards. The development of a water repellent paper tube provides a disposable "bait station" that makes it feasible to use anticoagulant baits in the field. The writers wish to acknowledge the helpful comments and suggestions made during this study by Donald A. Spencer, Chief Staff Officer, Animal Biology, Pesticides Regulation Division, USDA; Walter Dykstra, Research Staff Specialist, U. S. Bureau of Sport Fisheries and Wildlife; William Gusey, Pesticides Regulation Division, USDA, and thank R. S. Ellarson, Department of Wildlife Management, University of Wisconsin, for reviewing the manuscript. LABORATORY FEEDING TESTS Sixteen meadow mice trapped at the Gordon Orchard, Sturgeon Bay, Wisconsin, were received at the laboratories of the Wisconsin Alumni Research Foundation, Madison, on November 11, 1964. These mice were then individually housed in cages and fed whole kernel yellow corn, apples, and alfalfa hay. On November 23, eight mice were continued on this diet plus a Prolin tube on a free choice basis. The other eight mice received the Prolin tube only. The results of the laboratory feeding studies are presented in Table 1. Fig. 1. Caged tree at the University of Wisconsin Experiment Station, Sturgeon Bay.

Twenty nest colonies of paper-nest wasps (Polistes) were transplanted to windows and other locations on the outside of a residence in Kingsville, Texas, in order to, observe their behavior. The seven species of wasps were P. metricus Say, P. annularis (L.), P. major Palisot de Beauvois, P. bellicosus Cresson, P. exclamans Viereck, P. apachus Saussure and P. carolina (F.). All of the nests were eventually parasitized by either Chalcoela iphitalis Walker, Sarcophaga polistensis Hall, or Elasmus polistis Burks. Other nests, transplanted to artificial shelters in the field for experiments in caterpillar control on crops, had only moderate to light infestation of the above parasites, although they had, in addition, the ichneumon parasites, Pachysomoides fulvus (Cresson) and P. stupidus (Cresson). Transplantation and other manipulations created adaptive contingencies for the wasps, such as "orphaning" of nests, attack by ants, increased attack by parasites, physical damage to nest and brood, presence of artificial pedicels and deprivation of nest and brood. As a research methodology for investigating the behavioral capabilities of wasps, interference. in this manner may have advantage in eliciting responses seldom, if ever, seen in nature. In one instance, renesting wasps based their first cell on a spot of marking enamel on the back of their queen, bringing into question the nature and complexity of the "queen concept" of wasps.

Periodic preirradiation and postirradiation samples of sera from 23 monkeys were studied by means of paper-strip electrophoresis. The changes in concentration of the total proteins, the albumins, the alpha globulins, the BETA -globulins, and the gamma -globulins were followed. Eleven TB+ animals received 60 r of Co/sup 60/ gamma rays every 2 weeks until they died; 5 TB+ animals received 100 r of gamma rays every week until they died; 7 TB-- animals received 600 r of x rays in a single exposure; 1 TB+ animal was not irradiated. In 20 of the 23 irradiated monkeys there was a decrease in serum albumin. In all irradiated monkeys there was an increase in alpha -globulin. All proteins of the sera fluctuated considerably in their absolute concentration. The BETA - and gamma -giobulins appear to be complementary with respect to one another. (auth)

Lyophilized ovalbumin was irradiated with gamma rays to absorb 13 x 10/ sup 6/ rads. The protein was dissolved at O between pH 7 and 9. Radiation- denatured protein was precipitated by promptly readjusting the solution to pH 4.85. The supennatant was raised to pH 7.2 and heated at 5 deg C. Thermolabile components precipitated when the pH was again lowered to 4.85. Two more thermolabtle fractions were obtained by successively heating the neutral supernatants at 49.5 deg C and 60.0 deg C and adjusting the solution to pH 4.85. The precipitates. were all readily soluble at pH 7.2. Paper-strip electrophoresis of solutions of both native and irradiated ovalbumin and of the several supernatants, thermolabile fractions and the radiation-denatured protein revealed the existence of a spectrum of molecules in variously damaged states. (auth)

Some observations dealing with cytomorphology of Hypodematium crenatum and phylogenetic relationships of the genus were published a few years ago by Mehra and Loyal (1956) and by Loyal (1960). Japanese material of this species was studied by Hayata (1927) and Iwatsuki (1964). Nayar and Bajpai (1970) have pointed out some "discrepancies" in the observational data published both from this laboratory and also by Iwatsuki. In the following paragraphs comments will be made upon the "discrepancies" noted by Nayar and Bajpai in the papers referred to above.

Separation of serum proteins by paper electrophoresis and their subsequent identification are of great interest both in physiological research and in the clinical diagnosis of diseases in man (1,11,17). However, clinical literature on the serum proteins of chicken is not abundant; only a limited number of diseases have been investigated, and the number of chicks involved per disease is rather small (6). It has become evident that comparable avian serum protein values for distinction between diseased and normal chicks are obtainable only from groups of birds of equal age and similar physiological status (10,12,14). The present study investigated the effects of spirochetosis and penicillin treatment on serum proteins and hematocrit values.

On rabbits unilaterally exposed to 930 to 1000 r of focal x-irradiation on two separate areas, 15 to 25 r was measured on the opposite side of the animals. When 274 mu g of N/sub 2/ per 0.2 ml of a purified horse gamma - globulin preparation was subcutaneously implanted for 48 hours in focally irradiated areas of rabbits, these areas showed decreased localization (increased protein escape) for the initial 24 hours after irradiation. Such antilocalizing activity of irradiation on subcutaneous areas decreased when measured at 7 and 14 days after exposure. In the study of the phenomena of localization and antilocalization as affected by irradiation, the quantitative results herein obtained by subcutaneous implants of heterologous protein parallels the results obtained by a toxin-antitoxin system. This finding indicates that the use of subcutaneous implants offers a method for more exacting quantitative studies of localizing phenomena. From the comparative absorption rates of heterologous and isologous proteins, this study suggests that, although irradiation can increase the permeability of an area, consideration must be given to the biological relationship between an injected foreign protein and the host proteins. Proof that an increase in permeability is the predominant radiation effect should consider the differentialmore » innate ability of an animal to localize foreign substances. (auth)« less

Salmonellosis has been the object of considerable discussion and research activity during the past several years (2). The reported (6) frequency of Salmonella isolations appears to indicate that domestic poultry is the largest single reservoir of these organisms. However, many other species of domestic animals have been identified as vectors of the infection. Salmonella has been reported in feedstuffs, particularly animal by-products, in both this country and Europe. The public-health and economic implications of salmonellosis focus attention on the importance of accurate, rapid Salmonella detection screening procedures. Because time and skilled personnel are in short supply in many laboratories, PathoTec? (General Diagnostic Division, Warner-Chilcott Labs., Morris Plains, New Jersey) was tested in our research laboratory to evaluate the reliability and convenience of a shortened screening procedure to identify Salmonella presumptively.

This is a collection of essays by colleagues and former students of Professor Brown, presented when he retired from the chair of Alfred P. Sloan Professor of Management. Articles by the following distinguished contributors cover Manpower: Policy and Practice, Collective Bargaining, and The Education of Labor Economists.Charles A. Myers, "Critical Issues in National Manpower Policy;" George P. Shultz, "Issues for Manpower's Action Programs;" David P. Taylor and Michael J. Piore, "Federal Training Programs for Dispersed Employment Occupations;" George Strauss, "Union Policies Toward the Admission of Apprentices;" Solomon B. Levine, "Public Policy and Labor Relations in Postwar Japan;" J. W. Miller, Jr., "Power, Politics, and the Prospects for Collective Bargaining;" and John G. Turnbull, "Reflections on a Generation of Work in the Field of Labor."

M. Henry's comments may be divided into three parts: (1) He suggests modifications to my estimates to make them directly comparable with previous estimates. He concludes that there remains a dispar...