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(1952). Reproducibility with Paper Electrophoresis of Serum Proteins. Scandinavian Journal of Clinical and Laboratory Investigation: Vol. 4, No. 4, pp. 307-312.

SummaryThe amino acids present in Australian honey from Eucalyptus macrorrhyncha, E. camaldulensis and Trifolium repens were examined by column- and paper-chromatographic methods of separation. All three honeys contained the same 16 amino acids; with a few exceptions, these were the same as the amino acids that have been found in honey in other countries. The use of two solvent systems enabled more amino acids to be identified.

A method to exclude mites and other contaminants from test tube cultures is described. It consists in covering the mouths of the tubes with cigarette paper which is applied by pressing the flamed r...

SUMMARYPartial separation and tentative identification of the organic phosphates present in the phosphate fraction of honey have been accomplished by using a silica gel column and several paper chromatographic procedures. The organic phosphates identified were glucose 6- phosphate, 2- or 3-phosphoglyceric acid and α or β-glycerophosphate. Inorganic phosphate was also found. One organic phosphate was not identified.

(1974). Clinician and Therapist. Selected Papers of Robert P. Knight. Edited by Stuart C. Miller. New York: Basic Books, Inc., 1972. 322 pp. The Psychoanalytic Quarterly: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 120-152.

The IgG M-components of 70 sera were quantitated by a paper electrophoretic method and by an immunochemical method with the use of an antiserum raised against purified polyclonal IgG. The results obtained by the two procedures were concordant and thereby showed that IgG M-components of different antigenic compositions can probably be quantitated by simple immunochemieal methods. Immunochemical determination of the total IgG content of sera containing IgG M-components by the Mancini technique agreed, both when the sera were assessed in their native and in their carbamylated form, with the immunochemical quantitation of Weeke. This indicates that different IgG M-components are immunochemically similarly altered by carbamylation.

Summary The author discusses some of the points raised by Mr Karmel in his paper on the Relations between Male and Female Reproduction Rates (Population Studies, vol. I, no. 3, pp. 249–74). He considers some of the reasons for the discrepancies between male and female reproduction rates, and shows that this matter of discrepancies is connected with the problem of male and female nuptiality. He also considers the possibility of calculating a ‘unique’ measure of the true rate of increase, which does not involve inconsistencies of the type discussed by Mr Karmel. Finally, he criticizes the method used by Mr Karmel for calculating the net fertility of marriage and suggests a method which would eliminate the ambiguities of Mr Karmel's measures.

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(1855). XXXI.—Observations on the habits of the stickleback (being a continuation of a previous paper) Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 16, No. 95, pp. 330-332.

In comparing their laboratory findings with those of other investigators, the authors incorrectly ascribed an eddy coefficient and mixing length too large by a factor of 2.2 to the results from a numerical model. An explanation is offered for the apparently small magnitude of dimensionless velocity deficit from the laboratory study.

A pastel portrait was referred to the author for conservation. The pastel had been in a moist southern climate for several years and showed evidence of considerable mildew on its surface. The pastel was said to have been treated several times due to the reocurrence of fungus infestation. It was determined that to achieve a more or less permanent solution to this problem, it would be necessary to reduce the humidity and further restrict fungus infestation by the use of a fungicide. The question was how to do this with a somewhat delicately framed pastel (25" x 30") and serve the aesthetic as well as the conservation requirements without employing an elaborate and awkward mechanism to perform this task. The following composite was devised to hopefully satisfy all requirements.

(1937). XXVII.—Monolene danae, a new flatfish from Panama, caught bathypelagically (Papers from the ‘Dana’ oceanographical collections.—No. 15.) Annals and Magazine of Natural History: Vol. 19, No. 110, pp. 311-312.

The reactions of glucose-oxidase test paper (Clinistix® and Tes-Tape®) were studied in the nasal secretion of 100 nurses. Clinistix® gave positive reaction in 75 % and Tes-Tape® in 45 % in cases with normal nasal secretion. The tests are of limited value in the diagnosis of cerebrospinal rhinorrhoe.

(1970). The Imperfect Panacea: American Faith In Education, 1865–1965 by Henry J. Perkinson. New York: Random House, 1968. 239 pp. $2.45 paper. The Educational Forum: Vol. 34, No. 2, pp. 274-275.

The use of asphalt-coated paper to protect the contents of boxes containing materials which might be injured by moisture or molds is very extensive. There seems to be a wide-spread impression that asphalt is itself a fungicide. In view of the very great variability in the substances marketed as asphalt it is quite possible that some asphalts do incorporate materials which are fungicidal, but the studies here reported demonstrate that this cannot be taken for granted. Several asphalt-treated L-2 Type Case Liners were sent to the Biological Laboratory of the Jeffersonville Quartermaster Depot for study. These were variously spotted (FIGS. 1 and 2) with what were obviously fungous growths. Isolations made from these spots yielded nineteen different fungi. These were identified at least as to genus and were assigned culture numbers as follows

To avoid removing spores of Rhynchosporium secalis from barley leaves during decolorizing with aceticethanol (1:l) the inoculated leaves were placed on a horizontal sheet of chromatography paper through which the solvent drained and removed pigments from the leaves. Decolorized leaves were placed on water-soaked filter paper for 30 min to remove excess acetic-ethanol and then placed on microscope slides, chilled with ice or a thermoelectric microtome stage and sprayed with molten 0.5% agamse. Agamsemated leaves were stained with periodic add-Schiff reagent. Spores were not removed dnring clearing, coating and staining. Staining and visibility of spores, germ-tubes and subcuticular hyphae were not affected by the agarose film.

The different carbohydrates present in T. confusum have been separated and identified by paper chromatography and specific color tests. This insect contains : a fructo-trehalose, trehalose sedoheptulose, glucose, an hexo-aldose, fructose, ribulose and heterosides. With the help of paper electrophoresis we have been able to demonstrate the presence of three polysaccharide fractions identical to the mayn polysaccharides (2 amylose fractions and amylopectin) encountered in plants.

To prevent loss of pollen during the Feulgen's procedure, the pollen was grown on an autoclaved membrane filter (Millipore AA WP 025 00) in contact with a sterilized medium containing agar 0.5–1%, sucrose according to the genus (Malus 0.3–0.5 M; Persica and Tulipa 0.4 M), and H3BO3, 0.01%. To fix the germinated pollen of most species, the membrane was placed for 2 hr to overnight at 2–4 C on filter paper wet with the following mixture: OsO4, 1 gm; CrO3, 1.66 gm; and distilled water, 233 ml. To fix Persica pollen, 10% of glacial acetic acid had to be added to the fixative. Washing with distilled water and bleaching with a mixture of 3% H2O2 and sat. aq. ammonium oxalate, 1:1, were performed also on filter paper. Similarly, the preparation was processed for Feulgen staining by use of pieces of filter paper wet with the required fluids. Hydrolysis preceding the Schiff's reagent was performed at room temperature with 5 N HCl for 18 min. The differentiation after the Schiff's action was with 2% K2S2O5 buffered...

An acid hydrolysate of casein, vitamin-free casamino acids (Difco), is commonly used as the amino acid source in early phases of nutrition work. Frequently, it is necessary to replace such a complex source with an equivalent, defined mixture of amino acids. This change in the medium often results in longer lag periods and reduced yields. The difference in yields can be the result of incomplete information on the composition of the complex source. The purposes of this paper are to present more complete data on the amino acid composition of and to briefly discuss other organic components of vitamin-free casamino acids (Difco). Amino acids.-A composite amino acid analysis obtained by using paper chromatography is currently available for casamino acids and is given in TABLE I, Column A (personal communication from Mr. V. R. Wheat, Technical Service, Difco; 7 Oct., 1970). The technique of Moore and Stein (1963) provides a more rapid and accurate means of determining the amino acids in a mixture. The samples of casamino acids were stored in a desiccator prior to preparation of the solutions which were analysed on a Beckman-Spinco automatic amino acid analyser (Model 121; Spinco Division, Beckman Instruments, Inc., Palo Alto, California). The techniques used have been previously reported (Nolan, 1970a.). The results of duplicate analyses of three lots of casamino acids are presented in TABLE I (Columns C, D, E). The accuracy of the data within each lot is -+ 5.1% or better. The values for ammonia, cysteic acid and tyrosine were not included in the accuracy calculations either because of susceptibility to external conditions or because the concentrations were too low.

In a previous investigation it was observed that, on paper electrophoresis of serum with a barbital buffer containing calcium ions, part of the conventional 8-fraction migrated at a lower rate. This retarded part was called the &ca-fraction and the remainder the jlfraction. It was also found that when the serum was allowed to stand at room temperature before electrophoretic analysis this slow fraction decreased and was substantially smaller already within 24 hours. This reduction was tentatively ascribed to the assumption that the &ca-fraction contained some labile component(s) (Laurel1 et al. 1956). The publication of Muller-Eberhard & Nilsson (1960) on the /?,c-globulin and the spontaneous conversion of this protein to the electrophoretically faster /?,,-globulin gave us a clue to the nature of the labile p2Ca-fraction. We have since been able to identify the labile part of the electrophoretic B2Ca-fraction as /Ilc by comparative paper-, agar and imiiiunoelectroplioretic studies, and it was therefore possible to devise a simple analytical procedure for estimating the relative amount of the main normal components of the paper electrophoretic &ca-fraction (8lipoproteins and blc) in a given serum and for revealing any abnormal components with &-mobility.

SummaryAn investigation of the combined effect of mulching and transplanting muskmelons showed that transplanting increased early yield appreciably; mulching in conjunction with transplanting further increased earliness. Total yield also was increased by some treatments. Clear polyethylene (polythene), black polythene, and Kraft paper coated with clear polythene were evaluated as mulches on transplanted and field-seeded melons. Clear polythene generally induced greater early yields in field-seeded melons, but the response to black polythene, clear polythene and polythene-coated paper was comparable for transplanted melons. Waxed paper and aluminium foil also were tested as mulches for transplanted melons.

The extracellular products of Anabaena cylindrica Lemm. comprise a large variety of compounds including peptides, brownish pigments and substances fluorescing white and blue in ultraviolet light. A number were separated or isolated using techniques of gel filtration, ion exchange and paper chromatography. Serine and threonine comprised over 90% of the amino acids in a group of complex pigmented and fluorescent compounds. One of these accounted for a large proportion of the peptide and pigment present. It contained a large pigment moiety of molecular weight > 5 000 which formed a firm complex with more than 10% of the iron supplied in the culture medium. The anti-polymyxin activity described by Whitton was not associated with any of the major pigments or peptides present.

Isolation of Cytokinins from « Rhizobium leguminosarum » Frank. — Three substances with cytokinin activity have been isolated from liquid cultures of Rh. leguminosarum by fractionation on Dowex 50W X4 H+ column, butanol extraction, silver precipitation, chloroform extraction and finally by paper chromatography. The Rf-values and the U.V. absorption maxima of one of these substances were similar to those of isopentenyl adenine, a potent cytokinin synthetized by several bacteria responsible, as Rhizobium, for profound morphological alterations of the tissues of higher plants. The other two substances are not comparable to any of the as yet known natural cytokinins. It is suggested that these substances, produced by Rhizobium, are responsible for tissue proliferation during nodule formation.