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Cellulase and pentosanase were largely separated from polygalacturonase in the crude preparation, Enzyme 19-D by paper chromatography. A partial separation of pentosanase from other enzymes of the mixture was effected by paper electrophoresis. All of the enzymes studied except cellulase were inactivated by heating at 74–75 °C.; almost 50% of the cellulase activity was retained. Polygalacturonase and pectinesterase were inactive above pH 7.0. Most of the enzymes studied appeared to have two or more components.

1. (1) The binding of acid dyes by denatured protein on filter paper has been investigated with special reference to Light Green. 2. (2) The uptake of dye, measured by elution, has been shown to vary according to the method of denaturation, the nature of the dye solvent (particularly the salt and and ethanol concentration) and finally with the duration and temperature of the subsequent washing procedure. 3. (3) Albumin and globulin do not behave in the same manner with different denaturing agents so that different methods give different albumin/globulin dye uptake ratios. 4. (4) The stoichiometric relationship between dye and protein is consistently nonlinear even at lower concentrations of protein on the paper and the same pattern can be demonstrated with protein on cellulose acetate membrane. It is suggested that this non-linear relationship at low protein densities is due to interference by the cellulose supporting medium and other anions. 5. (5) Intrinsic constants and the number of binding sites at infinite dye concentration have been measured under standardized conditions for Light Green, Brom-Cresol Green and Lissamine Green. The results have been compared and differences discussed. 6. (6) In the quantitative measurement of protein based on dye uptake, the importance of restricting the protein density on the paper is stressed.

1. 1. An established method of chromatography and polychromatic staining of phospholipids on untreated paper has been more fully investigated with respect to sulphatides. 2. 2. A rapid staining method for sulpholipids on paper chromatograms is described. 3. 3. The optical properties of spherical aggregates of the sulphatides under crossed polarizers are noted. 4. 4. Sulphatides have been shown, by chromatography, to occur in many tissues including those of rat, mouse, ox, reptile, certain marine animals, Aplysia, Archidoris, Coryphella, in some microsomal fractions and in lipovitellin. Sulpholipids also occur in fungi.

In order to effectively control slime production in paper plants and other major water consuming industries, the efficacy of selected chemical compounds as inhibitors of growth of Sphaerotilus natans was investigated. It was determined that a few products were effective against Sp. natans in paper mill process water (80°F). These are listed in the following order of decreasing effectiveness: chlorine, Busan 90, chlorine dioxide and Slimacide V-10. In vitro studies can suggest those chemicals which may be useful; however, the choice of inhibitors depends largely on the individual plant, i.e., the mill processes' capacity to tolerate the concentration, contact time or cost of the specific chemical.

A critical review of the paper chromatography of Strychnos alkaloids has led to the following conclusions: 1. Paper chromatography is one of the most important methods of approach in elucidating the chemistry of Strychnos alkaloids. 2. Paper chromatography and electrophoresis, in the case of Strychnos tertiary alkaloids, are of great value for the rapid analytical identification of the various compounds. In the case of quaternary alkaloids these methods can give general information, but no absolute conclusions, about a great number of alkaloids so far known of this group, and facilitate the identification of some of the more common bases. 3. No absolute relation between RM value and structure can so far be derived from the RC values of Strychnos alkaloids. This is due to the extremely complicated structures of these alkaloids, which belong to several chemical groups, and to the difficulty of obtaining standard RC values for many quaternary alkaloids. 4. Paper electrophoresis of Strychnos tertiary alkaloids is of great importance for the identification of the different strychnine derivatives. 5. Paper chromatography and electrophoresis must be considered as the best methods hitherto used for the preparative purification of small quantities of Strychnos quaternary alkaloids.

Chromatographic resolution of protein mixtures: egg albumin and lysozyme, and another containing insulin and protamine (Mugil cephalus) was achieved on paper strips using a several step elution with neutral salt solutions of increasing concentrations. Experimental data concerning the influence of cations and anions on chromatographic separation of proteins on paper strips are presented.

Differentiation of radioactive DNA and RNA deposited on filter paper discs can be accomplished by a relatively simple procedure. RNA can be efficiently removed by incubating the dises, impaled on pins, with 0.2 ml of 0.5 n NaOH for 90 min at 37°C. DNA can be removed after NaOH hydrolysis by treating the discs with 5% TCA for 30 min at 90°C. A correction is necessary to determine the actual amounts of DNA and RNA in order to account for the loss of DNA (13.8%) during the NaOH hydrolysis procedure.

Larvae of the silkworm, Bombyx mori L., were found to feed on filter paper which had previously been heated to approximately 200°C for 15 hr. Feeding on filter paper was largely accelerated when the paper had been impregnated with sucrose. β-Sitosterol and soybean sterol, previously demonstrated to stimulate feeding of the silkworm on agar-diets, showed rather little stimulating action on paper-feeding.

Filter paper electrophoretic analyses of serum were carried out in a series of eighteen proved cases of multiple myeloma, twenty-three normal controls and 130 patients with non-myelomatous diseases, and compared with the results of classical Tiselius electrophoresis and chemical fractionation. Abnormal electrophoretic patterns were found in all of the cases of multiple myeloma studied, and tall narrow spikes representing abnormal proteins with varying mobilities in the globulin range were demonstrated in 78 per cent. The latter were considered diagnostic of myelomatosis since similar patterns have not been described in any other disease and since none were observed in any of the present controls. In six of the eighteen cases the diagnosis was first established on the basis of these electrophoretic patterns and subsequently confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. In eight others they were merely confirmatory in previously diagnosed cases. Of special interest were the diagnostic patterns found in four patients in whom myelomatosis was not suspected. There were significant quantitative differences between the results obtained by filter paper and classical electrophoresis, and the results of both differed from those of chemical fractionation. However, the diagnostic peaks of myelomatosis were equally well demonstrated by both electrophoretic methods. It is concluded (1) that the electrophoretic patterns of serum obtained by both the filter paper and Tiselius methods exhibit highly characteristic peaks in a high proportion of individuals with multiple myeloma, (2) that such patterns are of great diagnostic value and (3) that the filter paper method offers the advantages of simplicity, low cost and speed, without any loss in sensitivity or specificity, which make it especially valuable for screening large numbers of specimens in patients suspected of having myelomatosis.

CHANG (1955) reported the lowering of the blood hemoglobin of chicks due to free gossypol feeding and postulated that free gossypol in the diet leads to interference with the synthesis of the proteins of the blood in these chicks. In view of the useful information that has been obtained in recent years using the electrophoresis technique in the study of normal and pathological sera, an experiment was planned to study the electrophoretic patterns of serum samples obtained from birds fed a normal diet, as well as from birds fed free gossypol in the diet. An electrophoresis cell using filter paper strips, as originally designed by Durrum (1950) and marketed by Spinco, was employed. Later it was discovered that the resolution of the globulins of chick serum is very poor on filter paper. More serum samples were obtained from birds used in a study of the effect of protein level on …

This study investigated effects of industrial wastes of a paper mill on fish. Chemical analyses were made of the effluent and of the river water before it entered the mill and at the effluent entry point. Static bioassay techniques were used to determine tolerances to the effluent of ten fish species which were abundant in the paper mill area. Fish were collected from the effluent entry point into the river. An abundant fish fauna was found. Charmin Paper Products Company, Cheboygan, Michigan, treats its waste products thoroughly and is an example of what an industry can do to reduce water pollution. The common shiner, Notropis cornutus , was found to be intolerant to even low concentrations of the effluent. Thus, its presence in an area would indicate a very low level of pollution of this type.

SUMMARY mitochondria were incubated in air in the presence and absence Methods are described for the resolution of coenzyme Q of substrates, the ultraviolet absorption spectra of the cyclo- homologues and other lipides by means of reversed phase paper hexane extracts of such particles were shown to change in a chromatography on silicone-impregnat,ed filter paper. manner which denoted a substrate-dependent reduction of coenzyme Q (9). Such extracts have now been chromatographed Acknowledgments-The authors are indebted to Dr. David on paper, and the results have been consistent with the previous E. Green for his encouragement in the course of these studies. interpretation of the spectra of these extracts. The data given Oscar Mayer and Company kindly supplied the large quantity in Fig. 2 indicate that the extract of particles incubated in the of tissue used in the investigation. REFERENCES

This paper presents the results of the application of circular filter paper chromatography to the differentiation of pathogenic and non-pathogenic staphylococci by means of an arginase test, and to the differentiation of haemolytic streptococci and viridans streptococci by an arginine dihydrolase test. Chromatographic assay indicates that in the group of staphylococci only the pathogenic and not the non-pathogenic staphylococci metabolize arginine to ornithine and urea (presence of arginase). Chromatographic assay indicates that in the group of streptococci only the haemolytic streptococci and not the viridans streptococci metabolize arginine to ornithine and citrulline, or to ornithine or citrulline only (presence of arginine dihydroase in the haemolytic group).

Total alkaloidal extracts from four closely related Lobelia species, L. cardinalis L., L. syphilitica L., L. puberula Michaux, and L. elongata Small, and ten crosses and hybrids involving L. cardinalis and L. syphilitica, were examined using two-phase descending paper chromatography with formamide-ammonium formate-formic acid as the stationary phase and chloroform-benzene as the mobile phase. The chromatogram of L. elongata showed the presence of lobinaline, suggesting its closer relationship with L. cardinalis. The chromatograms of L. cardinalis, L. syphilitica, and L. puberula were different from each other, suggesting the elaboration of different alkaloids by each of these related species. Lobinaline was present in the first species and absent in the latter two species. The L. cardinalis × L. syphilitica hybrids gave chromatograms suggesting the elaboration of alkaloids characteristic of both the parent plants.

This paper describes a paper chromatographic method of identification of morning glory (Ipomoea purpurea) seeds used by individuals seeking hallucinatory experiences. The procedure is applicable to a single seed, seed fragments and products of “tea”. A 50 percent aqueous alcoholic extract is chromatographed in a butanol : acetic acid : water system and the pattern visualized by ultraviolet fluorescence, p-dimethylaminobenzaldehyde and ninhydrin spray reagents. The chromatographic patterns of various morning glory seeds and other seeds of criminalistic interest are shown. Milligram quantities of Ipomoea purpurea (two varieties) are readily differentiated from all other seeds examined.

A radiochemical method for the direct measurement of thiamine pyrophosphokinase (ATP: thiamine pyrophosphotransferase, EC 2.7.6.2) activity was described earlier (1,2). It avoided the difficulties associated with assay systems based on the coenzyme nature of thiamine pyrophosphate in TPP-dependent 1 enzyme reactions using apopyruvate decarboxylase (3) (2-oxoacid carboxylase, EC 4.1.1.1) or apotransketolase (4) (sedoheptulose-7-phosphate: d -glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate glycolaldehydetransferase, EC 2.2.1.1). Since the chromatographic isolation of TPP is time-consuming, a procedure for the rapid determination of thiamine pyrophosphokinase activity was desirable. The simplified method described here takes advantage of the anionic character of TPP. The assay is carried out with [ 14 C]thiamine as substrate. After incubation with the enzyme in the presence of Mg 2+ -ATP, the reaction mixture is applied to a DEAE-cellulose paper disc. The disc is extensively washed with sodium acetate resulting in the quantitative elution of [ 14 C]thiamine and partial retention of [ 14 C]TPP. This is quantitatively measured using the liquid scintillation counting technique. A similar procedure has been described for the determination of glycerol kinase (ATP: glycerol phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.30) and hexokinase (ATP: d -hexose 6-phosphotransferase, EC 2.7.1.1) activities (5).

An investigation of the electrophoretic data from patients with various malignant diseases shows that the possibilities of paper electrophoresis as a diagnostic tool are limited. The relative inaccuracy of the method may cover up important details; but more physiological information can scarcely be expected from data concerning only one physical property of a protein molecule. Quantitative evaluation of the data still gives rather qualitative results. With more material it may be possible to differentiate between various groups of diseases. The use of the “entropy” of a serum protein mixture does not give greater differentiation. Only in a limited number of cases can it be used to distinguish pathological and normal sera. The high correlation in the normal group between the albumin contribution to the total “entropy” and the total “entropy” provides a criterion for the detection of pathological serum protein mixtures in most cases.

1. 1. The elctrophoretic mobility in filter paper at pH 8.6 was measured for hemoglobins from seventy-six rodents representing fifteen species or subspecies from the following genera: Phyllotis, Akodon, Chinchillula, Mus, Hesperomys, Oryzomys, Ctenomys and Cavia . 2. 2. These rodents showed a wide range of hemoglobin mobilities from 0·6 to 1·5 times that of man (HbA). 3. 3. Within the genera Phyllotis and Akodon the range in subgroups was 0·63–1·15 and 0·62–1·24 respectively. 4. 4. Secondary components, usually slower, were common. 5. 5. No general correlation of mobility with oxygen affinity (high-altitude habitat) was found, but correlation in several case within species or genera. 6. 6.Alkali-denaturation resistance ranged from 5 to 86 per cent and showed some taxonomic differences between subgenera. 7. 7. Some observations on two Camelidae (alpaca and vicuna) confirmed the low mobilities seen this group.

Single and two-dimensional paper chromatograms were prepared of normal and de-coated embryonated eggs of Ascaris suum, vitelline membranes, egg fluid, and larvae. Eighteen amino acids (cystine, lysine, arginine, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, alanine, proline, glutamic acid, threonine, tyrosine, methionine, valine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, leucine, isoleucine) were identified in larvae and in normal and decoated embryonated eggs. Nine amino acids (leucine, tryptophan, cystine, isoleucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, proline, aspartic acid, and arginine) were identified from the vitelline membrane. Seven amino acids (cystine, arginine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, proline, tyrosine) were identified from a fraction in the middle coat. Using the DNFB technic, the N-terminal amino acid in the vitelline coat was determined to be cystine. Sixteen amino acids (cystine, lysine, histidine, aspartic acid, glycine, serine, glutamic acid, threonine, proline, tyrosine, methionine, valine, leucine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, isoleucine) were identified from the outer protein coat.

1. 1. Crystalline β-lactoglobulin has been prepared from low-temperature, spray-dried skimmed milk. 2. 2. Crystalline β-lactoglobulin and α-lactalbumin have been obtained from high-temperature, short-time pasteurized milk. 3. 3. The amino acid composition of hydrolyzates prepared from these proteins, estimated by quantitative paper chromatography, agrees reasonably well with the results obtained by other more elaborate and more time-consuming methods.

A method is described for the direct analysis of small tissue samples to determine total ribonucleic acid (RNA) and total deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) content. The base constituents of both RNA and DNA are separately determined by the same two-dimensional system of paper chromatography which removes contaminating hydrolysis products from the chromatograms. The RNA and DNA contents are calculated from the analytical values of the base components. The procedure has been calibrated by employing known quantities of the separate nucleotides as standards. Variations in the results of replicate analyses of single tissue samples have been described employing statistics. The ratios adenine/thymine, guanine/cytosine, and (adenine/thymine) /(guanine/cytosine) of the DNA results approach unity and therefore correspond to accepted concepts of DNA structure. The adenine /uracil, guanine/cytosine, and (adenine/uracil)/(guanine/cytosine) ratios of RNA also approach unity. The relevance of these results to the structure of RNA is discussed briefly.

Starting with a concentrate of alkaline phosphatase activity prepared from horse kidney, the activity may further be separated from protein contaminants by electrophoresis on filter paper. A threefold increase in the enzyme activity per unit mass of protein is achieved in one step.

The phosphatides of the erythrocytes of several species of mammals have been analysed chromatographically. The cells of the true ruminants contained substantial amounts of cephalin and sphingomyelin but usually no lecithin. The cells of dog and guinea-pig contained lecithin but relatively small amounts of sphingomyelin. The biological implications of the lack of lecithin in ruminant cells have been discussed.

Resume Ion pair formation between cobalt(III) complexes and organic anions and between anionic complex cyanides and polyvalent metal ions was studied by paper electrophoresis. It was shown that complexes of the type [CoA 6 ] 3+ can move anionically (for example in trichloroacetate) and that complexes of the type [M(CN) 6 ] 2−or3− can move cationally (for example in aluminum or zirconium chloride).

Solutions containing penta-, tetra- or trivalent vanadium were prepared and their vanadium strength estimated The reducing power of all the vanadium valencies upon Cu+2 and Hg+2 salts, acidified molybdate, and nitrate was investigated Separations between the valency states, which included a quantitative investigation of a VV-VI Zn by paper chromatography are described. The interaction of vanadium valencies with some Mo valency-states are summarized. A Chromatographic separation of CoII and CoIII as acetates, including a brief quantitative investigation, is also described.

A method for the determination of insulin potency using circular chromatography is described. The eluted spots are measured with respect to a standard which is run simultaneously with the unknown. The results of this determination do not differ significantly from those obtained by biological assay, at least for preparations with a potency higher than 19 I.U./mg on a moisture-free basis. For the determination of less pure samples the use of a standard insulin of corresponding purity is recommended. The precision of the method compares with that of a biological assay with 250 rabbits. Protamine and excess of zinc do not interfere with the determination.

Five combinatorial pools of 28 antisera to enteroviruses were prepared for virus-typing purposes. The pools were composed in such a manner that any of the virus types could be identified by the pattern of neutralization produced by the set of pools. The virus isolate was seeded in Petri dishes with green monkey kidney cell monolayers. These were then overlaid with agarose and filter paper discs saturated with the respective serum pool were then applied to the gel. A zone of protected tissue after four days incubation was taken as neutralization. A trial with this method involving 230 coded virus isolates gave a correct typing of 219 strains. Among the pitfalls were isolates containing two viruses; the problem of mastering such situations is briefly discussed. Time studies suggest that the method described is economical in comparison with conventional typing techniques.

Summary 1. The needs of epidemiologic teams and clinical investigators are served better by quantitative data in digital form than by qualitative descriptions of serum lipoprotein patterns. 2. A collaborative study of 71 normal and abnormal sera revealed that values for the principal lipoprotein fractions obtained with the analytical ultracentrifuge could be estimated in from 83 to over 90 percent of samples within plus or minus 30 percent by paper electrophoresis with densitometric scanning of the strips. 3. Since significant clinical lipoprotein disorders and the results of successful therapy involve larger changes, this degree of accuracy justifies the usage of lipoprotein electrophoresis as a semi-quantitative method.

1. 1. Detached leaves of beet, swiss chard, and tobacco were found to produce large amounts of glutamine when supplied with NH 4 NO 3 in light. After an initial lag phase of 24 hr., the glutamine content of swiss chard leaves rose rapidly and continuously for at least 5 days, reaching a value of 5% of the fresh leaf weight. This glutamine was derived from photosynthetic carbon and was in dynamic equilibrium with the leaf carbohydrates. 2. 2. A method for the biosynthesis of radioactive glutamine was developed. A detached swiss chard leaf is supplied with 0.1 M NH 4 NO 3 for 48 hr. under continuous illumination. C 12 O 2 is fed during the first 24-hr, period, and C 14 O 2 during the second. In an experiment performed under these conditions, 28% of the fed C 14 was incorporated into glutamine. 3. 3. Since chemical isolation of glutamine from a leaf resulted in a product of low purity and specific activity, a Chromatographic technique has been evolved. Using this technique, 71.6% of the available glutamine was recovered from a leaf. This glutamine was over 99% pure. The final product from a 1 mc. feeding to one swiss chard leaf was 96.5 mg. of uniformly labeled glutamine with a specific activity over 4 × 10 6 counts/mm.

A method for the microanalysis of adenine polyphosphates in toad muscles has been developed. This is based on the preliminary separation of the constituents by paper chromatography followed by the analysis of adenine by absorption at λmax 260 mμ. With this technique, it is possible to do a complete assay of eight muscles for ATP and ADP in twenty-four hours.

Summary A comparatively simple and rapid method for the identification, estimation and preparation of fatty acids has been developed, using reversed phase circular paper chromatography. The method is also suitable for the analysis of “Critical Pairs” of fatty acids and for the preparation of fatty acids. Further, when used at a higher temperature, the method is more sensitive in revealing the presence of even traces of higher fatty acids in the seeds of Adenanthera pavonina.

The technique described here offers several advantages over the currently available assays for [3H]norepinephrine and its metabolites. The technique is simpler and has fewer sources of potential error than most currently available techniques. It provides a complete separation of norepinephrine from its five major metabolites with virtually no cross-contamination between the fractions. It is unnecessary to correct for recovery, elution from the chromatograms, or efficiency of counting the chromatogram segments. Experiments reported here demonstrate that all five major metabolites of norepinephrine are formed by rabbit aorta. Most of the neutral metabolites and normetanephrine are found in the Krebs solution used for incubating the tissue, whereas most of the acid metabolites are found in the tissue.

A method is described which allows the rapid and precise quantitative determination, either directly in expressed plant juice, or in crude alkaloid extracts of 5-hydroxytryptamine (serotonin), N,N-dimethyl-5-hydroxytryptamine (bufotenine), 5-methoxyxytryptamine, and N,N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine in the presence of tryptophan, tryptamine, N,N-dimethyl-5-methyltryptamine, N,N-dimethyltryptamine, 3-(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-indole (gramine), p -(2-dimethylaminoethyl)-phenol (hordenine), or 3-indolylacetic acid. The absorption spectra, effect of variable concentrations in the composition of the developing reagent, and conditions for the determination are reported. The concentrations of N,N-dimethyl-5-methoxytryptamine found in Phalaris tuberosa leaves are given.

1. 1. Tiselius's nomenclature of electrophoretic fractions ( α 1 , α 2 , α 3 , β 1 , β 2 , γ ) can be applied to the description of serum protein fractions of the grass-snake. 2. 2. β-Globulins prevail on electrophoretic strips, in proteinograms and in the quantitative distribution of serum proteins of the grass-snake. 3. 3. α-Globulins are the second largest component of the protein spectrum after β-globulins. 4. 4. The seasonal variation in the serum protein pattern reveals itself in a “regrouping” in the quantitative distribution of all electrophoretic fractions.

Use of the fluorescent antibody test for the laboratory diagnosis of human schistosomiasis on minute amounts of dried blood specimens is described. Sensitivity and specificity of the test appear to be comparable to the best described serological tests. Mailing of specimens under adverse conditions did not seem to influence the results. Determinations of antibody titers were possible. These findings and the ease with which specimens can be obtained, delivered to the laboratory and tested suggest that the procedure may be useful in epidemiologic surveys offering some advantages over the known methods of stool examinations, serology, and intradermal testing.

The development of rapid and dependable methods of paper electrophoresis for fractionation of serum proteins has brought a valuable contribution (1) to diagnostic laboratory procedures. Electrophoretic analysis in the pemphigus group of diseases has been made in the search of yet They generally agreed that in the acute form and in the extensive and severe cases of the disease the total protein and the albumin were decreased and the gamma globulin was increased. The results for the other fractions showed some discrepancies. The chronic or mild cases were TABLE I Number Age (years) Duration of Disease Last Shower of Bullae Sedimentation Rate (Wester- gren-mm/ hour) General Condition Albumin (%) Globulins Total Protein Albu-of Patients Alpha-l (%) Alpha-2 (%) Beta (%) Gamma (%) G?ob ulin 1 23 4 ys.

The influence of pH upon the Rf and the nature of the buffer used for the pretreatment of the paper have been investigated for belladonna, strychnos, and opium alkaloids. Rf values at the same pH of the same buffer are correlated to their chemical structure. Variation of Rf with the pH of the buffer, variation of Rf for different buffers of the same pH, the influence of certain anions and cations, molarity of buffer, and the kind of paper used for chromatography are discussed.

A method for quantitative determination of the 3-phenyl- 2 -thiohydantoin derivatives (PTH) from the naturally occuring amino acids is described. The PTH's are synthesized by a micro synthetic procedure from protein hydrolysates (0.5-1 mg protein) and separated on paper chromatograms. The spots are located with the aid of fluorescent screen and eluted from the paper with ethanol. The quantitative calculations are based on the optical density at 269 and 320 mμ of the ethanolic eluates.

Using a standardized procedure of paper electrophoresis, seven fractions were consistently separated from parotid saliva. These components were eluted from the paper strips and analysed chemically and immunochemically. Serum proteins (albumin, α, β and γ-globulins) comprised 25 per cent of the total. The specific salivary proteins included amylase, two non-antigenic glycoproteins, and an unidentified antigenic cationic protein. The two glycoproteins (accounting for 35 per cent of the total protein) were cationic, contained hexoses, fucose and hexosamine in a ratio of 1:1 and little if any sialic acid.

Considerable amounts of toxic substances are discharged from pulp and paper factories and among these pentachlorophenol (PCP) is very common. This research demonstrates that PCP is as toxic to fish as the dangerous, previously used slimecides containing mercury, and less efficient as a controllant of slime organisms. The resistance of the fish guppy to the sodium salt, Na-PCP, is shown to increase after acclimation to sublethal levels. This may lead to increased tolerance of accumulated PCP in the organism where severe metabolic distortions, delayed sexual maturity and increased mortality may result. This research seems to indicate that the use of PCP should be restricted in a manner similar to mercuric compounds to ensure the survival of fish life downstream from paper manufacturing processes.

The chromatographic resolution of crystalline beef pancreas ribonuclease into two components, and the separation of an artificial mixture of crystalline insulin and ribonuclease was achieved on paper strips (Whatman No. 1), using a several step elution with salt solutions of increasing concentrations. A chamber for the paper-strip chromatography procedures with salt concentration gradient has been described.