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In 1949 I published in the Acta Mathematica (vol. 81) a rather long paper: “L'intégrale de Riemann-Liouville et le problème de Cauchy.” This work will be quoted in the sequel as Acta paper. Only minor local references to this paper will be made here, and knowledge of it is not required for the reading of the present article. The notations used here are slightly different from those used in my former paper.In the Acta paper I introduce multiple integrals and of the Riemann- Liouville type depending on a parameter α and converging for sufficiently large values of α. I give the solution of the Cauchy problem for the wave equation in a unique formula, the same for space-time of odd or even dimensions, implying an analytic continuation with respect to the parameter α.

The definition and some of the properties of what may be called a Perron second integral (P2-integral) were given in a previous paper [4]. This integral starts with a function f(x) defined in an interval (a, c) and goes directly to a second primitive F(x) with the property that the generalized second derivative D2F is equal to f(x) for almost all x in (a, c). In the present paper the definition is changed slightly and further properties are deduced.

The purpose of this paper is to record some progress on the problem of determining which (bounded, linear) operators A on a separable Hilbert space H are commutators, in the sense that there exist bounded operators B and C on H satisfying A = BC — CB. It is thus natural to consider this paper as a continuation of the sequence (2; 3; 5). In §2 we show that many infinite diagonal matrices (with scalar entries) are commutators and that every weighted unilateral and bilateral shift is a commutator.

Letbe an ordinary differential operator of order h whose coefficients are (η, η) matrices defined on the interval 0 ≤ x < ∞, hη = n = 2v. Let the operator L0 be formally self adjoint and let v boundary conditions be given at x = 0 such that the eigenvalue problem(1.1)has no non-trivial square integrable solution. This paper deals with the perturbed operator L∈ = L0 + ∈q where ∈ is a real parameter and q(x) is a bounded positive (η, η) matrix operator with piecewise continuous elements 0 ≤ x < ∞. Sufficient conditions involving L0, q are given such that L∈ determines a selfadjoint operator H∈ and such that the spectral measure E∈(Δ′) corresponding to H∈ is an analytic function of ∈, where Δ′ is a subset of a fixed bounded interval Δ = [α, β]. The results include and improve results obtained for scalar differential operators in an earlier paper (3).

Representations of harmonic functions by means of integrals taken over the harmonic boundary ΔR of a Riemann surface R enable one to study the classification theory of Riemann surfaces in terms of topological properties of ΔR (cf. [6; 4; 1; 7]). In deducing such integral representations, essential use is made of the fact that the functions in question attain their maxima and minima on ΔR.The corresponding maximum principle in higher dimensions was discussed for bounded harmonic functions in [3]. In the present paper we consider Dirichlet-finite harmonic functions. We shall show that every such function on a subregion G of a Riemannian N-space R attains its maximum and minimum on the set , where ∂G is the relative boundary of G in R and the closures are taken in Royden's compactification R*. As an application we obtain the harmonic decomposition theorem relative to a compact subset K of R* with a smooth ∂(K ∩ R).

Let be a Hilbert space with inner product (•, •) and let E(•) and E0(•) be spectral measures in corresponding to self-adjoint operators and . In this paper we consider the set function ƒ(I × J) = E(I)E0(J) defined on the semiring of bounded rectangles, and obtain an integral representation for this set function for disjoint I, J under the hypotheses that H — H0 is a type of Carleman operator.

1. Introduction. The potential theory of real harmonic tensors, which was first studied by Hodge (5), offers a variety of problems by no means all of which have yet been examined. In the present paper there are formulated the solutions of some boundary value problems for the Poisson equations associated with coclosed harmonic forms. These problems include as special cases a number of previous results on coclosed harmonic forms and harmonic fields.

It is known that under special conditions, Fourier sine transforms and Fourier cosine transforms behave asymptotically like a power of x, either as x → 0 or as x → ∞ or both. For example (3),where f(x) = x–αϕ(x), 0 < α < 1, and ϕ(x) is of bounded variation in (0, ∞) and Fc(x) is the Fourier cosine transform of f(x). This suggests that other results connecting the behaviour of a function at infinity with the behaviour of its Fourier or Watson transform near the origin might exist. In this paper wre derive various such results. For example, a special case of these results iswhere f(x) is the Fourier sine transform of g(x). It should be noted that the Fourier inversion formula fails to give f(+0) directly in this case. Some applications of these results to show the relationships between various forms of known summation formulae are given.

This paper deals with the problem of finding the solutions of the integral equationwhere the constant a and the function giipc) are both given and both assumed to be real, while the function f1(x) is to be determined.On writingequation (1) simplifies to

A complex function on the real line is said to be bounded in mean square if it is locally in L2 (i.e. on each finite interval) and satisfies(1.1)The set of all such functions clearly forms a linear space over the complex numbers and is a Banach space B under the norm ‖·‖B defined by (1.1). This space, among others, has been discussed by Beurling in [1], where it was shown to be the dual, in the Banach space sense, of a certain Banach (convolution) algebra of functions. We have used Beurling's characterization of B and others of his results throughout this paper, and indeed the essence of one or two of the proofs has been derived from his theorems.

Let L0 be a differential operator of even order n = 2v on the half open interval 0 ≤ t < ∞ which is formally self adjoint and satisfies the conditions of Kodaira (5, p. 503). We consider a perturbed operator of the form L∈ = Lo + ∈q where q(t) is a real-valued bounded function and ∈ is a real parameter. The object of this paper is to set up conditions on the operator L0 and the function q(t) such that L∈ determines a self-adjoint operator H∈ and such that the spectral resolution operator E∈(Δ) corresponding to H∈ is analytic in a neighbourhood of ∈ = 0, where Δ is a closed bounded interval.Our conditions are a natural generalization of conditions considered by Moser for the case n = 2(6). Moser has given a number of examples showing that when his conditions do not hold E∈(Δ) need not be analytic.

One of the unsolved problems of plane topology is the following:Question. What are the homogeneous bounded plane continua?A search for the answer has been punctuated by some erroneous results. For a history of the problem see (6).The following examples of bounded homogeneous plane continua are known : a point; a simple closed curve; a pseudo arc (2, 12); and a circle of pseudo arcs (6). Are there others?The only one of the above examples that contains an arc is a simple closed curve. In this paper we show that there are no other such examples. We list some previous results that point in this direction. Mazurkiewicz showed (11) that the simple closed curve is the only non-degenerate homogeneous bounded plane continuum that is locally connected. Cohen showed (8) that the simple closed curve is the only homogeneous bounded plane continuum that contains a simple closed curve.

In (1), the writer defined a process of integration that leads to a kind of Riemann integral under certain rather general conditions. The purpose of this paper is to show how it is possible to use the process of integration of (1) to obtain integrals in a product space that satisfy a Fubini theorem. In this connection, we define a class of integrands that are the analogues of continuous functions in the product space, establish some of their properties, and finally arrive at a Fubini theorem for this class.

In an earlier paper [1] we presented a representation theory for the Fourier transformation defined by1.1for functions f in certain function spaces. This theory made use of an operator1.2where k = 1, 2,…, and it was stated without proof that this operator is an inversion operator for the Fourier transformation; that is, that under certain conditions1.3

In the analysis of mixed boundary value problems by the use of Hankel transforms we often encounter pairs of dual integral equations which can be written in the symmetrical form(1.1)Equations of this type seem to have been formulated first by Weber in his paper (1) in which he derives (by inspection) the solution for the case in which α — β = ½, v = 0, F ≡ 1, G ≡ 0.The first direct solution of a pair of equations of this type was given by Beltrami (2) for the same values of α— β and v with G(p) ≡ 0 but with F(ρ) arbitrary.

In this paper it is shown how trigonometric series which are Cesàro-summable to zero may be used to solve differential equations. The explicit solution of the general ordinary linear equation with constant coefficients is found in terms of trigonometric series and special cases are dealt with.