Search

A recent trio of books by Professor Ali Mazrui deals largely with the phenomenon and impact of Africa's emergence into independence. The Anglo-African Commonwealth (Oxford, Pergamon Press, 1967) argues the fertilising influence of English and English liberal ideas on the growth of African nationalism, and explores the changing character and role of the Commonwealth due to its progressive ‘Africanisation’ over the past decade. On Heroes and Uhuru-Worship (London, Longmans, 1967) is a collection of papers on ‘the politics of African independence’. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The general assumption often made by writers that the ex-soldiers played a significant role in the politics of Nigeria breaks down when subjected to critical analysis.1 It is true that these men were potentially excellent material, who could have been effectively utilised in the struggle against colonial rule because of their training, their newly-acquired confidence, and their experience of the outside world. However, certain factors rendered their role as a group insignificant in the history of the nationalist movement in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The ability of the new nations to think for themselves has surprised their former rulers as much as their capacity for self-government. In many circles it has not only caused surprise but some dismay. It was hoped that the older and wiser rulers would still continue to rule other men's minds if not their countries. Nothing has so disappointed these hopes as the development in the newly independent states of a rich and complex idea of non-alignment, and as a result this idea has been much misunderstood and much resented. Scholars have realised only recently that it is now an integral part of contemporary political thought. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The question of national unity for the new states of Africa stands at the centre of their political problems. Progress in a variety offields is blocked until they are able to resolve internally the constitutional question of loyalty to a new system of authority which was conceived under colonialism and made a reality through nationalist drives for independence. Africa, more than any other continent, is troubled by the divisions between ethnic, racial, and religious groups who found temporary consensus in the struggle against the common colonial enemy, but who, having achieved independence, find the principle of self-determination now internally a divisive force against a unified national polity and purpose.According to James Coleman and Carl Rosberg, ‘Just as the one-party trend is the most striking feature of the political structure of new African states, so the problems of integration are the major issues and obstacles in the task of nation-building, which is itself the primary preoccupation of the leadership of the new states.’ [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article reports on romanticism and realism among the Czechs and Slovaks in the 1800s. Romanticism opposed the libertarian and rationalist tendencies of the French Revolution. The new liberalism was filled with mystical fervor and a semireligious enthusiasm. Two Lutheran Slovaks, Jan Kollar and Pavel Josef Safarik are regarded as the fathers of early Panslavism. A close relationship betweenn Czechoslovaks and Serbo-Croats was established at the awakening of national consciousness.

The article discusses about Prince Clemens Metternich and his actions and principles in German politics. According to the article, the annual meeting of the American Historical Association held on December 1950 discussed about the latest views on Prince Clemens Wenzel Matternich by the scholars. The article further explores on the decisions of Matternich that made people regard him as one of the great diplomats.

The article profiles Friedrich Ludwig Jahn or Father Jahn, one of the German nationalists during the Napoleonic period who strongly influenced the practical manifestations of nationalism in Germany. It includes background information on Father Jahn and his active promotion of German nationalism, as well as a discussion of his various proposals to strengthen patriotism in Germany.

The article focuses on romanticism and its connection with the rise of German nationalism. According to the author, German nationalism was developed through the help of romanticism in the country. Furthermore, it mentions Justus Möser and Herder, the predecessors of the country's nationalism, and the romanticist Friedrich Freiherr von Hardenberg or Novalis. Other information related to German nationalism are also mentioned.

The article explores the systems of world politics in the mid-twentieth century. It relates that the modern system during the period was kept together by the intellectual and moral tradition of the Western world. It mentions that the nationalistic universalism of the period claims for one nation and one state the right to impose its own valuations and standards of action upon all other nations.

The article points out that the major contribution of the religious thinker and philosopher Vladimir Soloviev to the debate on nationalism is the revelation that nationality has a dual nature. It is observed that the writings of Soloviev contain main forceful and insightful reflections on how nationalism distorts the hierarchy of values.

The article discusses about the implications of imperialism and nationalism. The article explores on the issues of national and imperial principles and the inner contradiction between them, as well as the issues of imperialism and the national body's disintegration and the issue of chauvinism and the bridging of nationalism and imperialism.

The article discusses about Heinrich von Treitschke. According to the article, Treitschke was born in 1834 in Dresden, the capital of Saxony. He was a student at the University of Bonn in 1851. It was said that German political unity under Prussia was his ultimate ambition that for him would justify a war of Germans against fellow Germans.

The article discusses the role of Adolf Hitler in promoting German nationalism after the collapse of the monarchies in the German Empire of William II in 1918. It examines the function of Hitler in unifying various German traditions in the service of simple national aims and who were seen by many differing German groups.

The article focuses on the origin of the national self-determination in Europe. The beginning and the development of the national idea in Europe have been the issue among culturo-historical studies in recent years. These studies have determined the gradual movement of the Europeans toward national self-determination.

The article discusses the considerable role played by antiquaries and men of learning in stimulating a consciousness of nationalism in England during the period of 1540 to 1640. These antiquaries supplied the learning for the defense of the Anglican Church, pioneered the study of old languages and preserved and collected stores of documents on learning during the Tudor-Stuart period.

The article offers views of the author to explain the origin of Hitlerism. The author says that Hitlerism is not the creation of a single individual but a mass phenomenon originating from passion. He argues that Hitlerism comes as an answer to the communitarian aspiration of modern society and another which states that it affects a gigantic transfer of individualistic passions to the nation. A thorough discussion of his second argument is offered.

The article focuses on the factors that cause Confederacy's failure to win independence and develop Confederate nationalism in the U.S. One of the factors considered by the author that affects Confederacy's leadership is the cohesion of the Union and the internal stability of the slave states. Furthermore, the organization is affected by the refusal of President Abraham Lincoln to admit the existence of the Confederate States of America.

The article tries to examine the new nationalism in Latin America. According to the experts, the region's new nationalism seems made to order for the Kremlin and is the relatively modest one of disrupting the Organization of American States, intensifying Yankeephobia with the hope of provoking another Yankee intervention, and otherwise souring Latin-American relations with the U.S. at heavy cost to the national pocketbook and international prestige.

The article attempts to examine the fragile nature of political authority in tropical Africa and to draw attention to two recent books, "African Perspectives," by C. Allen and R. W. Johnson, and "The State of the Nations," by M. F. Lofchie, that look in some depth at postindependence phenomena. It concludes that the achievement of the region's independence temporarily assured the rise of nationalist sentiment.

The article explores the history or the emergence of the words 'liberalism,' 'nationalism' and 'socialism' in the political vocabulary, which emerged as powerful political ideologies in the first half of the nineteenth century. The history of each word was examined with regard to its birth or morphological creation, its association with a new concept or a derived one, which can be called semantic birth, and its introduction to common usage or lexical maturity.

The article focuses on the impact of the new nationalist movements in Germany The latest nationalist movement Nationaldemokratische Partei Deutschlands (NPD) reveals potential volatile fringe in Australian politics. Moreover, observers concluded that NPD might be the beginning of a Nazi revival in the country. Further, NPD believes that the commercial and industrial interests in the country cab be fulfilled.

The article offers information on the development of nationalism in Africa from 1945-1965. During these years, Africans began to seriously resist colonial rule, Africa underwent a major transformation and each colony eventually gained its freedom. Nationalism originally referred to the process of uniting and regaining freedom from European rule, but it was also defined by pioneer African leaders to mean the creation of new nations as well as their economic and political transformation.

The article offers information on the varieties of nationalism in Europe from 1848-1871. In the mid-19th century, a wave of romantic nationalism swept the continent of Europe transforming the countries of the continent. Some new countries, such as Germany and Italy were formed by uniting smaller states with a common national identity. Others, such as Greece, Poland and Bulgaria, were formed by winning their independence.

The article presents the postwar socialism under the leadership of politician Kurt Schumacher in Germany. The German Marxism disintegration under Schumacher is determined through the theory of socialist movement, the motivation for socialism and the relations between German socialism and nationalism. His governance also attempts to reconstruct the image of socialist movement and to merge the nationalist identity of the country.

The article explores the concept of Spanish nationalism during the twentieth century. It has been noted that Spanish nationalism during this period has served as a device with which the Spanish Army and the possessing classes might avoid basic social and political conflict. The author also stresses that during this period, the effort of establishing radical nationalism was also hindered by the influences of the Spanish Catholic Church.

The article focuses on the participation of Charles Stewart Parnell, an Irish nationalist and member of British Parliament, in the Irish Home Rule in Ireland in the 19th century. It states that Parnell led and used his parliamentary party to defeat and dismiss Gladstone's Liberal government to release the people. On the other hand, the Roman Catholic Hierarchy has played a significant role in the destruction of Parnellism in the country.

Focuses on the criticism on German nationalism by philosopher Georg Hegel. Involvement of Hegel in nationalist students' fraternities; Attitude of Hegel towards the different political and cultural manifestations of German nationalism; Suggestions for the alteration of Hegel's evaluation of German nationalism.

The article analyzes the psychological problem in conceiving the social development. The concept of the people on the society is often derived from the distracting and persistent irrelevancies which drive the human mind to believe that society is developed in human persons and life cycles. People are suggested to view the nation in an open model which is more reactive to historical fact rather in a cyclic model.

The article presents a perspective on the issue regarding the establishment of a national literature in the U.S. from 1825 to 1850. It has been indicated by the author that a debate was initiated which went on actively for 75 years regarding the development of a national literature in the country. The author added that the first debate was concerning the problem of definition and the second was the actual creation of a body of literary work.

The article discusses the impact of the formation of the Irish Home Rule movement in influencing subsequent Irish and British history. It explores the role of Isaac Butt in reviving the interest in nationalism among the Irish masses. It also examines the objectives of Butt in organizing the federalist agitation. Moreover, the conservative political idealism that distinguished Butt's Irish Federalism from the radical democratic and agrarian program of Charles Stewart Parnell is presented.

The article presents a perspective on the history of surrounding the Federalist Period in the U.S. It has been noted by the author that the national past the Federalist Period is thought as a golden age of the country's government. The author added that the controversy from the program of the Federalist administrations has been regarded as only a temporary deviation from the national tradition.

The article focuses on the nationalism of Spaniards against the French occupation. It relates that the wants of the Spanish for Spain's liberation from foreign domination determines the cause of the renaissance of patriotism following the May 2, 1808 revolution against French Emperor, Napoleon. It mentions that the Spanish patriotism was responsible for the liberation of Spain, distinctive of Spaniards abiding love of country and their devotion to the throne and the altar.

The article focuses on the age of nationalism in the Low Countries. Belgium's Flemish-speaking population and the Frisian minority in the Netherlands have struggled for recognition of their equal language rights in the age of nationalism. Only a small radical wing of the Flemish movement desired the creation of a state determined by ethnic nationality and language. The nationalism of the Netherlanders and of the Belgians has been formed by the political state and its history.

The article focuses on the elements of Soviet Union Political Strategy. According to the author, modern totalitarianism is a combination of both nationalism and internationalism, a national movement embracing international ideological overtones. There are two factors being described on this process which include the communist elite and its party apparatus which controls the state and its social institutions and populations.

The article focuses on the state of politics in Ireland between the period 1800 to 1848. It describes the political situation, government administration, the judicial system and the condition of farmers in rural Ireland during the period. It also discusses the movement of nationalist peasants in attempting to gain freedom from the feudal order.

Two essays are presented on the types of nationalism in Europe and Africa. The first essay examines the varieties of nationalism present in Europe between 1848 and 1871. The second essay on the otherhand applies to the rise of African nationalism between 1945 and 1965. Furthermore, these essays were presented at the meeting of the American Historical Association in Washington, D.C. on December 29, 1964.