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The paper aims to describe the meanings of the prefix pro- found in Czech verbal neologisms. The first section characterizes verbal prefixation and describes two principal functions of prefixes — the lexical and the aspectual. The subsequent section deals with the Neomat electronic neologism database, which is the primary source of material for the paper and the basis for a discussion of its methodology. Subsequently, the difference between polysemy, cosemy and homonymy is explained and cosemy is shown on the example of the verb probruslit. Next, classifications of the prefix propresented in Czech linguistic sources (especially in grammars) are compared, the principal problems of classification are addressed, and meanings mentioned in all the sources are identified. The final section analyses meanings of the prefix pro- in verbal neologisms (prototypical, spatial meaning ‘through’ being described first). The most frequent meanings of the prefix pro- in verbal neologisms are ‘to get somewhere/to accomplish something‘, ‘to pass time’, ‘to lose something’ or ‘to do intensively’.

The aim of the thesis is to compare the verbal aspect in Spanish and Czech. The thesis has two parts: theoretical and practical. The theoretical part focuses on defining the category of verbal aspect in both languages and on comparison of this category in these two aspectual systems. Furthemore, we pay attention to the relation of verbal aspect to the category aspecto and to the lexical aspect (Aktionsart). The practical part consists of a corpus case study carried out using the newest version of the Czech parallel corpus InterCorp. In the case study, we analyse aspectual differences between original texts in Czech and their Spanish translations. Key words: verbal aspect - verb - Spanish - Czech - parallel corpora

In this thesis we analyze a linguistic phenomenon in russian language (and East Slavic area) called mat. The task of mat is actual and wide spread in Russian language, but also overlooked in contemporary linguistic scientific literature. The mat is in our thesis analyzed on background of so called typology of swearing, which is a distribution of languages of various language families of european languages based on the common features (themes or functions) of their swearing. In this thesis is also clarified the term mat, it's function and it's composition. The aim of this thesis is word formation process of verbs in mat and it's potential to express non obscenne maenig by using a stem of obscene words, i.e mat. The fourth part compares swearing- vulgarism in Russian and in Czech language, where the focus is to the verbs according to the theme of this thesis.

Presented thesis deals with the word-formation processes involved in creating new verbs in presen-day Italian. These processes are mainly derivational, namely prefixation, suffixation, conversion, including parasynthesis and back-formation, these two create mostly verbs. Compound verbs are rare in Italian and the number of verbal loanwords is low as well. The first part of the thesis describes these processes from theoretical point of view. The second part presents the descriptive analysis of 330 verbs created between 1976-2001. These verbs were extracted from the eletronic version of Dizionario Italiano Sabatini-Coletti and they were categorized by the process involved in their creation. The productivity of each process and then affixes was also studied.

in English The aim of this bachelor thesis is an attempt to explain the descent of the pronominal particles in Italian language and its classification in the Italian grammar. The thesis focuses primarily on various characteristics and classifications of the particles which are usually defined in various ways. The thesis also focuses on the concrete function of the pronominal particles in Italian language, on their usage in the phrases and on their influence on verbs. The practical part is concerned with displaying of selected examples of the particles used in Italian language from the parallel corpus InterCorp, and with comparison of their translation into Slovak language, in order to determine their potential Slovak equivalents. The conclusion of the thesis will contain the evaluation of the results of the research. Key words: Italian grammar, particles, pronouns, verb

The main objective of this master's thesis is to try to compare the verbal system in Italian and Neapolitan language. This thesis will firstly be concerned with the theoretical concepts related to the topic, such as dialect in general, standard language, southern dialects, demarcation of Neapolitan language, verbs in general, etc. In the next part of the thesis, particular verbal modes and tenses will be dealt with - their functions in both languages will be outlined, their formation in Neapolitan explained, and then the similarities and differences highlighted. The way how each phenomenon is formed and used in Neapolitan will be demonstrated on examples taken from Neapolitan literature and music. The sources from which the examples will be taken originate from the period of 1930s up to the present day. In the conclusion, the thesis will try to summarize the acquired information and emphasize the main distinctions between the both verbal systems.

English as an analytic language particularly poor in inflections and relatively poor in derivational suffixes does not often mark word classes by specific morphemes. On the contrary, one form of a word can be used in several grammatical functions, and an identical word form can have several meanings in several word classes. The frequent occurrence of conversion between word classes thus allows one form, often the base or simplest one, to perform several roles, and, at the same time, makes identification of its grammatically and semantically defined word class difficult, especially in multiword phrases functioning as a whole. The most frequent type of a noun phrase, Attr+N phrase, can thus be realised in several ways, with different word classes performing the function of syntactic attribute. This paper looks into a less frequent subtype of this phrase in English, one which uses semantically (de)verbal attribute, and tries to establish rules governing the choice between the two main options, using either the base form or a derived one (e.g., call centre vs. writing paper). Shedding light on this issue has practical application in mastering appropriate formation as well as correct understanding of English multiword phrases or terms (mostly nominal), which is an important skill in a non-native environment (especially in EAP) where English is used as a lingua franca. Angličtina jako analytický jazyk, který je velmi chudý na gramatické koncovky a nedisponuje ani mnoha odvozovacími příponami, často nenaznačuje slovní druh specifickými morfémy. Naopak, jedna forma slova může být užita v několika gramatických funkcích a identický tvar slova může mít několik významů v různých slovních druzích. Častý výskyt kconverze mezi slovními druhy tedy umožňuje, aby jeden tvar slova, často ten základní, zastával několik rolí, a současně tak komplikuje identifikaci jeho gramatické a sémantické funkce, a to zejména ve víceslovných frázích. Nejčastější typ jmenné fráze, Attr+N, tak může být tvořena několika způsoby, přičemž syntaktický atribut je realizován různými slovními druhy. Tento text se zabývá méně častým podtypem této fráze v angličtině, která používá sémanticky (de)verbální atribut, a snaží se definovat pravidla, jež řídí výběr ze dvou hlavních možností, a to ze základního, anebo z odvozeného (sufixovaného) tvaru (např. call centre vs. writing paper). Osvětlení tohoto problému má praktické využití při zvládnutí náležité slovotvorby stejně jako pro správné pochopení anglických víceslovných frází či termínů (většinou jmenných), což je důležitá dovednost v prostředí, kde se angličtina používá jako tzv. lingua franca. English as an analytic language particularly poor in inflections and relatively poor in derivational suffixes does not often mark word classes by specific morphemes. On the contrary, one form of a word can be used in several grammatical functions, and an identical word form can have several meanings in several word classes. The frequent occurrence of conversion between word classes thus allows one form, often the base or simplest one, to perform several roles, and, at the same time, makes identification of its grammatically and semantically defined word class difficult, especially in multiword phrases functioning as a whole. The most frequent type of a noun phrase, Attr+N phrase, can thus be realised in several ways, with different word classes performing the function of syntactic attribute. This paper looks into a less frequent subtype of this phrase in English, one which uses semantically (de)verbal attribute, and tries to establish rules governing the choice between the two main options, using either the base form or a derived one (e.g., call centre vs. writing paper). Shedding light on this issue has practical application in mastering appropriate formation as well as correct understanding of English multiword phrases or terms (mostly nominal), which is an important skill in a non-native environment (especially in EAP) where English is used as a lingua franca.

The regular method of forming adverbs in French is by adding the suffix -ment mostly to the feminine form of the adjective from which the specific adverb is formed. Apart from this way of expressing adverbial French does use however a wide variety of different more or less complex tools. One of those tools, which is considered by many to become increasingly common in contemporary French is replacing the adverb in question by an adjective and thus forming a verb construction of the type V+Adj. The main goal of our work will consist in a syntactic analysis of this traditional, dynamic and significantly productive language phenomenon of which nature allow us to make use of various methods of research including surveys and corpus analysis. In our work will focus primarily on adjectives as a specific component of the constructions V+Adj placed after the verb and assuming the role of an adverb. As a conclusion to our analysis we should be particularly able to tell whether the occurrence of these terms does indicate certain rules allowing us either to classify them as adjectives or adverbs, either to "define" a group of its own.

(in English): In this thesis several types of temporal verbal constructions in the Egyptian dialect of Arabic are to be discussed. The main focus was headed on the verbal forms connected with the most occuring auxiliary/temporal verbs kān and ba'a. An inextricable part of the thesis was a detailed insight in the theory of Arabic verbs, both in Modern Standard Arabic and Egyptian Dialect. Our aim was to find out the frequency of these verbal forms, comparing their appearance and their contextual embedding. For the purpose of the analysis an original corpus of texts in Egyptian dialect (more than 700 thousands words) was created. The sources of the corpus came almost exclusively from texts of Egyptian bloggers. Last but not least programm PERL served as the tool for our analysis - statistically and contextually allowing working out of all possible combinations of verbal forms in question.

This thesis deals with the structural ambiguity of constructions similar to Flying planes can be dangerous, where the ambiguity can arise due to the grammatical indeterminacy of ing- nonfinite form that can be interpreted both as gerund and participle. The ambiguity is analysed on the basis of the transitivity of ing-nonfinite form and subsequently on its semantic compatibility with the noun in the role of subject and object, in the ideal case the ambiguity and compatibility is tested further in the sentence context. The first part, the theoretical background presents us with what the secondary sources say to the phenomenon of ambiguity, distinguishes the types of ambiguity and also covers the grammatical description of non-finite verb forms. The Second part, material and method, describes the method of sampling, which brought us 2 samples extracted from British National Corpus. First sample comprises of 25 instances of "ing-nonfinite form + noun + verb constructions" (sg/pl, type of verb and verb tense are not restricted) and the second sample comprises of 100 instances of similar constructions, however the verb following the noun has been restricted on formal grounds for verb tense, verb type and number in order not to represent a hindrance for the ambiguity. The third, analytical part comprises...

This dissertation focuses on treatise of an Italian verb and its development from different points of view of various grammarians through comparison of eighteen Italian grammars from 15th until 19th century. It is looking at the verb from three standpoints: morphological, syntactical, and the aspect. Morphological view - it is examining the way of its classification based on individual grammatical categories: occurrence, description, and its contents. Syntactical view - here the issue of choosing the auxiliary verb is observed in compound tenses, the issue of concord and verbal valency. Verbal aspect, as a separate grammatical category, is not being dealt with by Roman linguistics before 20th century. This dissertation studies if and how authors of older grammars perceive and describe effects that belong to this category, predominantly the expression of perfective and imperfective aspects. Keywords: verb, Italian grammar, morphology, syntax, verbal aspect

In hindi tenses and moods can be divided into two groups: root tenses and moods and auxiliated tenses and moods. Among root tenses and moods belong: futurum, imperative and subjunctive. Auxiliated tenses and moods can be divided into: imperfective, perfective and progressive. This work describes each of moods and tenses in mentioned groups. Each is written according to structure and function. The decription is accompanied by examples from descriptive grammars of Hindi and literature.

The aim of present work is to summarize and describe theories treating action nominals and to use some of these on a sample of French nouns. The introduction treats the characteristics of action nominals, as well as the question of classification of action nominals in regard of the parts of speech system. The second part mentions main theoretical studies on process of nominalization. What comes next is the summary of nominalization types based on their creation, thus division to action, resultative and other nominals. The third part of present work is the practial one. It describes the method of choosing the sample from the dictionary Le Petit Robert as well as analyses made by means of the said dictionary and the programe SketchEngine.

This bachelor thesis deals with the use of correlates of German and Czech verbs. First the theoretical part sums up the knowledge about correlates in form of pronouns es, das, dessen, dem and in form of pronominal adverbs, afterwards the Czech equivalents of correlates called correlativa are described. In both cases attention is payed to forms, functions, obligatoriness, optionality and position of correlates and correlativa. The practical part focuses on the analysis of the concrete language examples from the parallel corpus InterCorp and on the basis of these examples it explore and concludes in which way the use of correlates in German is coincident with the use of correlativa in Czech.

The diploma thesis is focused on an analysis of the first sentences of newspaper articles namely from an aspect of the topic-focus articulation, which is expressed in Czech primarily by word order. The word order depending on the increasing communicative dynamism of words in the sentence might be changed from an objective word order if new information follows known or before mentioned information into subjective word order resulting in a reverse order. E.g.: The CEZ group showed record profit of 52 milliard CZK last year, a reverse word order: (literal translation) Record profit (Obj) of 52 milliard CZK the CEZ group(Subj) showed last year. In our thesis, we describe the above mentioned changes and we determine sets of cases comprising the modifications and we attempt to specify kinds of rules and principles resulting in different word orders. The sentence in the case of the subjective word order begins with an object, an adverbial of time, place, or condition. Anyway, not always a sentence constituent at the beginning of the sentence indicates the subjective word order. A significant role in the analysis is played by head- lines, which affect considerably the result. We focus ou attention on sentences expressing a placement on the scene. These sentences are assessed in relation with the head-lines...

The thesis deals with a contrastive study of various aspectual means of expression in Czech and German. First it presents the aspectual systems in both languages as they are described in traditional models of aspectuality. Czech and German express aspectual meanings by different means. Hence a contrastive analysis of both languages is based on a mutual semantic feature of telicity, which constitutes the main semantic opposition in both studied aspectual systems. The analysis focuses on a limited group of Czech and German Incremental verbs. For the Incremental verbs it is characteristic the homomorphism, the relation between event development and manipulation of the object (constitution, termination, modification). Incremental verbs include in their direct object the thematic role of Incremental Patient. The goal of the paper is to present and describe with support of corpus data the relevant means of expression of telicity and other aspectual meanings: the telicity of a verb is determined by verbal semantics, relation between a predicate and its nominal phrase that functions as an Incremental Patient and certain semantic properties of an Incremental Patient. The analysis of aspectual means of expression concentrates on specific linguistic means in both languages. In Czech the category of verbal...

Verbal government of Russian and Czech verbs. Determination of basic conception of rection, bilinguism, interference, transfer, homonymy. The acquirement of foreign language difficulties. Preventing interference. The influence of transfer. Left-valency and right-valency actant. Competition of binding. Russian - Czech dictionary. Error analysis. Contrastive analysis.

Comparison of the Tense Systems in Spanish and French: the Use of the Present Perfect and Past Simple This paper is concerned with tenses in Spanish and in French. First they are analysed generally, from the theoretical point of view, and subsequently, the author focuses on comparing the use of two of them: the present perfect and the past simple. The author is building on the conviction that although the verb systems of Roman languages are nearly identical, and also that the basic values of their tenses are identical, their specific uses may differ. First, she examines how tenses participate in the expression of time in language and how they can refer to extralinguistic time. As much attention has been paid to this topic, part one of the paper examines the theories that have been reflected the most in works on Spanish and French verbs. The fact that each of them emphasises a different aspect in explaining the meaning and function of each tense allows us to better understand the fundamental value of the tenses. One chapter is devoted to the diachronic view of the Roman system of verbs which allows us to see which features and development tendencies are common to all Roman languages, and which are only found in some of them. Here, the author points out primarily the fact that the loss of the...

The topic of this diploma thesis is the adjectival, verbal and nominal collocational patterns of the word {\clqq}life.`` In the theoretical part I started with the terms {\clqq}collocations and syntagmatic relations`` and compared different points of view of various authors. Then I briefly mentioned the peculiarities of the following terms: adjective, noun and verb. Nevertheless, my thesis focuses on practical reseach of the examined excerpts. This part is mainly concerned with the functions which the word {\clqq}life`` can have and explores what adjectives, verbs and nouns it habitually collocates with.