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This paper aims to discern, clarify, criticise, and advocate some uses of phenomenology in sociological research. Phenomenology is increasingly evoked or implicitly employed in sociological endeavours. Little attention, however, is paid to what is entailed in taking a phenomenological approach, and whether it is employed to advance empirical or theoretical knowledge. I build an analytic typology of different empirical and theoretical uses of phenomenology, criticise a range of these uses, and argue that other uses bear significant potential for the advancement of theoretical and empirical knowledge. The paper's main contribution lies in comparing and contrasting the many invocations of phenomenology in contemporary social scientific research to discern their benefits and shortcomings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millennial workers are increasingly becoming the largest population of workers in the U.S. workforce (Carter & Walker III, 2018), and the manufacturing sector is the fifth most common employment sector for millennials (U.S. Census Bureau, 2015). Demographic shifts may alter employee values and beliefs, which can impact the need for performance and manufacturing leaders to discover the relationship between millennial views and employee engagement. This phenomenological study of millennial workers intended to discover what might impact employee engagement. This article describes five main themes that can have an impact on millennial engagement: acceptance, community, education, collaborative environment, and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current work, novel eco-friendly hydrogel nanocomposite biosorbents (ef-HNCs) made up from tragacanth gum and modified CaCO 3 nanoparticles (CC NPs) were applied for the adsorption of methylene blue dye (MBD). A simple, fast, and safe method regarding green chemistry was used to prepare the ef-HNC, with the aid of ultrasound waves. The ef-HNCs were successfully characterized using several spectroscopic, microscopic, and analytical methods. The results of the adsorption showed that the surface modification of CC NPs has a great impact on the adsorption and increased it and showed this process is more compatible with linear pseudo-first-order kinetic and linear Langmuir isotherm models. Also, thermodynamic parameters showed that the adsorption is spontaneous, although with an increase in temperature the adsorption decreased. Also, the value of the enthalpy and Gibb's free energy showed physiochemical adsorption. The maximum adsorption capacity calculated from linear Langmuir models as 468.62 mg/g, which is an appropriate value for the natural polymer. Furthermore, phenomenological methods displayed that the film diffusion is the predominant mechanism of this adsorption process. Unlabelled Image • Preparation of biocompatible biosorbent hydrogel nanocomposite using tragacanth gum • Utilization of natural and biocompatible materials and green synthesis • Efficient adsorption of methylene blue using a biosorbent hydrogel • Discussion on the calculation of linear and nonlinear isotherm and kinetic models • Calculation of thermodynamic equations to understand the adsorption mechanism [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Searle is convinced that phenomenology is inadequate to face social-ontological problems. Despite his opinion, collective intentionality in its positional effort can be explained through phenomenological reductions. Clarifying how Husserl comes to the evidence of the background within the exercise of the transcendental reduction, it has to be shown how the frame of primordinal reduction could make an inner description of the plural firstperson perspective possible. Finally, some of the reasons that left Husserl to be completely overlooked in the contemporary debate on collective intentionality are exposed. The suspicion that is aroused by Husserl’s transcendental phenomenology could be dispelled if one only considers the social-ontological value of the structure of collective positionality that Husserl claims to be the condition of possibility for the experience of objectivity.

This essay concerns the specific benefits for empirical theology of hybrid quantitative-phenomenological approaches to the scientific study of spiritual experiences. These benefits are conveyed through the consideration of several quantitative techniques newly emerging at the current time. One such technique is the generation of multi-dimensional profiles of individual spirituality, which helps manage the semantic vagueness surrounding the word "spirituality" and thereby yields empirically more robust constructs for use in scientific research studies. Another technique is the creation of quantitative phenomenological signatures of recalled spiritual experiences that penetrate as deeply as possible into the neuropsychological hierarchy of structures, subject to what can be made accessible to human conscious awareness. By hewing close to the shared biological nature of our species' emotional and cognitive capacities, this type of quantitative phenomenology generates a number of breakthroughs in the scientific study of spiritual experiences. These breakthroughs apply to areas such as developing neuropsychological models of spiritual experiences, studying spiritual experiences cross-culturally, stabilizing descriptive classifications of spiritual experiences, and rendering more exact the experimental study of spiritual experiences. For theologians, there can be no question of the scientific study of spiritual experiences proving or disproving extant theological interpretations. Rather, the theological pay-off of quantifying spirituality is the generation of constraints that can render characteristically normative theological interpretations more and less plausible. This underlines the fundamental contention of this essay: that empirical theology requires a partnership in which the importance of distinctively theological questions is respected and the value of empirically derived constraints is prized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]